Misplaced Pages

#468531

23-862: Proposed in 2005 by Keysight and VTI Instruments , the LXI standard adapts the Ethernet and World Wide Web standards to test and measurement applications. The standard defines how existing standards should be used in instrumentation applications to provide a consistent feel and ensure compatibility between equipment. The LXI standard does not define a mechanical format. LXI products can be modular, rack mounted, bench mounted or take any other physical form. LXI products may have no front panel or display, or they may include embedded displays and keyboards. Use of Ethernet allows instrument systems to be spread over large distances. An optional Extended Function based on IEEE 1588 Precision Timing Protocol allows instruments to communicate on

46-404: A new formal test is required. Keysight Keysight Technologies, Inc. is an American company that manufactures electronics test and measurement equipment and software. The name is a blend of key and insight . The company was formed as a spin-off of Agilent Technologies , which inherited and rebranded the test and measurement product lines developed and produced from the late 1960s to

69-443: A non-destructive structural test using X-ray laminography ( tomography ) to take 3D images of an assembled printed circuit board using 8-bit grayscale to indicate solder thickness. It was used in the assembled printed circuit board (PCB) electronics manufacturing industry to provide process feedback to a surface mount technology assembly line, as well as defect capture. The 5DX was one of several tools used by many companies in

92-468: A percentage increase that represented almost a doubling of the investment in absolute dollars. Keysight won the 2014 Global Frost & Sullivan award for market leadership with $ 300 million in instrumentation software revenue. The citation states R&D investment of 12% of revenue ($ 365 million in 2013) as an important factor. In recent years, Keysight received a ranking of #46 on Forbes list of “American’s Best Midsize Companies. ” Keysight

115-537: A standard driver application programming interface (API) for programmable instruments. IVI driver formats can be IVI-COM for working with COM-based development environments and IVI-C for working in traditional programming languages for use in a .NET Framework . Most LXI instruments can be programmed with methods other than IVI, so it is not mandatory to work with an IVI driver. Developers can use other driver technologies or work directly with SCPI commands. The LXI Standard has three major elements: The specification

138-512: A time basis, initiating events at specified times or intervals and time stamping events to indicate when these events occurred. LXI devices can coexist with Ethernet devices that are not themselves LXI compliant. They can also be present in test systems which include products based on the GPIB, VXI , and PXI standards. The standard mandates that every LXI instrument must have an Interchangeable Virtual Instrument (IVI) driver. The IVI Foundation defines

161-646: Is organized into a set of documents which describe: In 2005, the LXI Consortium released Version 1.0 of the LXI Standard. Version 1.1 followed with minor corrections and clarifications. In 2007, the Consortium adopted Version 1.2; its major focus was discovery mechanisms. Specifically, LXI 1.2 included enhancements to support mDNS discovery of LXI devices. Version 1.3 incorporates the 2008 version of IEEE 1588 for synchronizing time among instruments. As of November 2016,

184-528: Is ready to submit, a vendor can choose to have their product tested at a PlugFest or an approved test house. A Technical Justification route allows vendors to certify compliance of derivative products by submitting test results to the Consortium to show that the device has been tested on the LXI Test Suite. The consortium provides guidance on when the Technical Justification route can be used and when

207-759: The Arms Export Control Act and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations . According to the State Department, some of the sales posed a risk to national security, and the company had been notified of potential unauthorized data transactions in 2017. Keysight agreed to pay the fine and to hire a compliance officer to conduct future audits. From its launch in 2014 until 2020, Keysight increased its investment in R&;D from approximately 12% to 16%,

230-438: The electronics manufacturing services sector to provide a means of inspecting both the visible and hidden solder connections between the printed circuit boards and components attached to those printed circuit boards. These solder connections (also known as solder joints) are referred to as PCB interconnects. The 5DX used a gantry robot to move the assembled printed circuit board underneath an X-ray source to be able to image

253-580: The company acquired France-based ESI Group for approximately $ 1 billion. In 2024, Keysight outbid Viavi Solutions to acquire British telecommunications testing company Spirent for $ 1.5 billion. The 2017 Tubbs wildfire incinerated two buildings on the headquarters campus of Keysight in the Fountain Grove neighborhood of Santa Rosa, causing the complete loss of historical archives of Hewlett-Packard (consisting of over 100 boxes of documents from William Hewlett and David Packard, who had founded

SECTION 10

#1732851308469

276-652: The company in Silicon Valley in 1938). A former HP employee who had previously been in charge of the archives commented that "a huge piece of American business history is gone", and Keysight disputed criticism that the archives (which it had acquired at the time of its founding in 2014) had been inadequately protected. In 2021, the United States Department of State fined Keysight $ 6.6 million for unauthorized sales of defense-related software to China, Russia, and 15 other countries from 2015 to 2018, in violation of

299-435: The components' joints that require inspection. The positioning of board was guided with the use of Computer Aided Design ( CAD ) data, which represented the outer layers of a printed circuit board's electrical design. The 5DX system used classical laminography to create an x-ray image “slice”, or image plane that will be distinct from other image planes on the object to be imaged. A slice will remove obstructions above or below

322-477: The focal plane will move as the rotation occurs. Because of that, they are not imaged sharply and they will blur to a grey background image. This requires precise height data, created by laser mapping the surface of the board. The focal plane is approximately .003 inches (.076 mm) deep. Rotational laminography requires a complex system to produce the rotating x-ray source, rotate the image detector and maintain synchronization between source and detector. In addition,

345-417: The laminography systems require a system to map the surface of the object to be imaged. Product to be imaged is rarely perfectly flat. The 5DX system used a laser mapping system to measure bow and twist so that the effects could be compensated for in the imaging process. In the 5DX system the rotating x-ray source is produced by scanning a high energy electron beam around an x-ray producing target integral to

368-588: The object vertically. Classical laminography has been replaced by computed tomography (CT) or computed laminography in more modern automated x-ray systems. Agilent Technologies (now Keysight Technologies) the OEM of the 5DX and follow on product, the X6000, exited the automated inspection market in March 2009. Both the 5DX and the X6000 were discontinued at that time. Even though the systems have been out of production for several years,

391-448: The object. The x-ray source and the detector are moved synchronously in circles 180 degrees out of phase with each other as shown in the figure. Due to that correlated motion, the location of the projected images of points within the object moves also. Only points from a particular slice, the so-called focal plane, will be always projected at the same location onto the detector and therefore imaged sharply. Object structures above and below

414-410: The plane of focus so that only the regions of interest remain. X-Ray systems that use methods such as laminography ( or the now more commonly used tomography ) are marketed as “3D” x-ray systems. X-Ray systems that do not use these methods and only produce a transmissive shadow image are marketed as “2D” systems. Classical laminography is based on a relative motion of the x-ray source, the detector and

437-408: The standard is at Revision 1.5. The LXI Consortium requires LXI Devices to go through standard testing. To support this compliance regime an LXI Test Suite is available. After a vendor joins the LXI Consortium they can gain access to the Consortium's Conformance Test Suite software, which they can use as a pre-test before submitting the product to the Consortium for compliance testing. Once a product

460-460: The telecommunications, aerospace/defense, industrial, computer, and semiconductor industries. Keysight acquired British electronic measurement instrument maker Anite in 2015 for £388 million ($ 607 million). In 2017, Keysight acquired data technology company Ixia for about $ 1.6 billion in cash. The company acquired British software testing company Eggplant Software from The Carlyle Group for $ 330 million in 2020. In 2023,

483-723: The turn of the millennium by Hewlett-Packard 's Test & Measurement division. Keysight's products include hardware and software for benchtop, modular, and field instruments. Instruments include oscilloscopes , multimeters , logic analyzers , signal generators , spectrum analyzers , vector network analyzers , atomic force microscopes (AFM), automated optical inspection , automated X-ray inspection ( 5DX ), in-circuit testers , power supplies , tunable lasers , optical power meters , wavelength-meters, electro-optic converters, optical modulation analyzers and handheld tools. In addition, it produces electronic design automation (EDA) software ( PathWave Design division). It mainly serves

SECTION 20

#1732851308469

506-468: The x-ray tube. The rotating detector is implemented by rotating an x-ray sensitive screen mechanically and projecting the image into a high sensitivity digital camera. Aside from the electro-mechanical complexity, the main disadvantages of classical laminography are the background intensity that reduces the contrast resolution and the fact that in each measurement only one slice is imaged sharply. All other slices have to be inspected consecutively by displacing

529-432: Was recently ranked #46 on Fortune's 2022 100 Best Companies to Work for. 5DX The 5DX was an automated X-ray inspection robot, which belonged to the set of automated test equipment robots and industrial robots utilizing machine vision . The 5DX was manufactured by Hewlett Packard , then later Agilent Technologies when HP was split into Hewlett Packard and Agilent Technologies in 1999. The 5DX performed

#468531