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52-620: Samaritas has its roots in the congregational outreach efforts of Lutheran immigrants from Germany and Scandinavia who settled in Detroit at the end of the 19th century. In 1909, the Missionsbund (Mission Federation) was formed. In 1934, the Lutheran Inner Mission League of Greater Detroit was incorporated. The following year, the name was changed to The Lutheran Charities. The organization's focus included child welfare , services for

104-515: A holistic way. This means taking into account the social, economic, cultural, psychological, and environmental factors that can contribute to the risk of harm for individual children and their families. Collaboration across sectors and disciplines to create a comprehensive system of support and safety for children is required. It is the responsibility of individuals, organizations, and governments to ensure that children are protected from harm and their rights are respected. This includes providing

156-450: A 'child protection system' as: "The set of laws, policies, regulations and services needed across all social sectors – especially social welfare, education, health, security and justice – to support prevention and response to protection-related risks. These systems are part of social protection , and extend beyond it. At the level of prevention, their aim includes supporting and strengthening families to reduce social exclusion, and to lower

208-502: A culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable development." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.7.1 is the "Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in (a) national education policies ; (b) curricula; (c) Teacher education; and (d) student assessment" There

260-401: A factor in child maltreatment. Unwanted pregnancies can also increase tension in the household, potentially leading to the mistreatment of a child. Various services exist to address or prevent child maltreatment; these services can be provided by businesses or by government agencies. Where these services encounter cases of maltreatment, the state then creates a supportive family environment for

312-700: A helpless child. Examples of child maltreatment include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, exploitation, deprivation and neglect. The long-term impact of abuse on victims often includes physical injury, psychological and behavioral harm, and can potentially be carried across generations. Caregiver maltreatment of children is a global problem that can occur in adoption programs, regardless of social status and in cases of discrimination and early or unwanted pregnancy. Adopted children may be mistreated more than biological children. Additionally, children may suffer maltreatment due to their social status, and discrimination based on skin color has also been documented as

364-580: A partner of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America . Though not owned by the ELCA, Samaritas is governed by a Board of Directors whose members represent parishes in the ELCA's Southeast Michigan Synod and North/West Lower Michigan Synod . Serving people as an expression of the love of Christ We connect people with families and communities, empower them to live their fullest life possible, and create

416-641: A profound learning outcome regardless of race, gender or ethnicity. This target has two indicators: Non-proficiency rates remain disturbingly high despite steady growth in enrollment over the years. 88 percent of children (202 million) of primary and lower secondary school age were not proficient in reading, and 84 percent (193 million) were not proficient in Mathematics in 2015 in sub-Saharan Africa . The COVID-19 pandemic led to school closures worldwide which made these inequalities worse. The importance of SDG 4 in this target lies in strategically working on

468-738: A result of poverty and/or other social pressures. Infanticide can be carried out by parents, relatives, or strangers and is often seen as a form of gender-based violence, since female babies are more likely to be killed than male ones. In some cases, infanticide may also be used to conceal evidence of incest or rape. It is most commonly practiced in cultures where there is a preference for male children, or where resources are scarce. In some countries, children can be imprisoned for common crimes. In some countries, like Iran or China, criminals can even be sentenced to capital punishment for crimes committed while they were children (the United States abandoned

520-480: A ripple effect of transformation.. Working in partnership with other non-profit associations in Michigan by providing hardware, network and programming services. This Michigan-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to Lutheranism is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Child welfare Child protection (also called child welfare )

572-405: A safe environment for children to grow and develop, protecting them from physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and ensuring they have access to education, healthcare, and resources to fulfill their basic needs. Child protection systems are a set of services, usually government-run, designed to protect children and young people who are underage and to encourage family stability. UNICEF defines

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624-426: A substantial proportion of adults, both men, and women, achieve literacy and numeracy ." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.6.1 is the "Proportion of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex". Population census and household surveys regarding simple sentences used in daily life will identify literacy data. It

676-756: Is "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all". SDG 4 has 10 targets which are measured by 11 indicators. The seven outcome targets are: free primary and secondary education ; equal access to quality pre-primary education ; affordable technical, vocational and higher education ; increased number of people with relevant skills for financial success; elimination of all discrimination in education ; universal literacy and numeracy ; and education for sustainable development and global citizenship. The three means of implementation targets are: build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools; expand higher education scholarships for developing countries; and increase

728-449: Is "Volume of official development assistance (ODA) flows for scholarships" ODA for scholarships was $ 1.6 billion in 2018. The full title of this target is: "By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for Teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.c.1

780-845: Is a United Nations agency dealing with labor issues, created in 1919. It takes care also of child labor issues, in particular with conventions 138 and 182. On 20 November 1959 the United Nations General Assembly adopted a Declaration of the Rights of the Child during the Convention on the Rights of the Child . The United Nations Children's Fund ( UNICEF ) is a United Nations Program headquartered in New York City, that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. In 2000, an agreement

832-411: Is a factor in sex-selective infanticide . Many children who come to the attention of the child welfare system do so because of situations which are often referred to as child abuse . Abuse typically involves abuse of power, or exercising power for an unintended purpose. This includes willful neglect, knowingly not exercising a power for the purpose for which it was intended. This is why child abuse

884-411: Is currently no data available for this indicator. The Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) has proposed a SDG Global Monitoring Indicators arranged for SDG 4.7 to calculate the percentage of girls and boys achieving proficiency in literacy and mathematics, by the end of lower secondary schooling cycle based on national benchmarks. This indicator can be used to compare across countries and see

936-402: Is defined as taking advantage of a position of trust having been invested with powers. Parental responsibility is the legal obligation of a parent to provide for their child's physical, emotional, and financial needs. This includes providing food, shelter, clothing, education, medical care, and emotional support. It also includes protecting the child from harm and ensuring their safety. In 1984

988-526: Is home to nearly half (49 percent) of the global population who are illiterate. The agenda can be challenging for those regions or countries to reach the goal by 2030 because income and gender inequality are seen more often in higher educational levels. While disabled students are increasing in higher educational institutions, many institutions, while disabled students face barriers on a daily bases, are not ready to support those students yet. The full title of this target is: "By 2030, ensure that all youth and

1040-661: Is not limited to developing regions; but the whole world at large. The major aim of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) is to provide an inclusive and high-quality education that will improve the learner's standard of living and the community's future. Major progress has been made in promoting access to education, specifically at the primary school level, for both boys and girls. Sub-Saharan African countries experienced an increase in primary education completion rate from 49 percent in 2000 to 60 percent in 2006. However, increased access does not always translate to improved quality of education or completion of primary school. During

1092-533: Is one of the processes to recognize the current literacy data in order to achieve the goals set forth by the SDGs. “Despite the steady rise in literacy rates over the past 50 years, there are still 773 million illiterate adults around the world, most of whom are women”. To facilitate the expansion of comprehensively designed basic learning programs, providing a variety of learning methods and setting standards for gradual progression by ability are required. In order to expand

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1144-407: Is proposed to be deleted". The full title of this target is: "By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education , including university." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.3.1 is "Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex". In terms of

1196-541: Is some consistency in the nature of laws, though the application of the laws varies across the country. The United Nations has addressed child abuse as a human rights issue, adding a section specifically to children in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : Recognizing that the child, for the full and harmonious development of his or her personality, should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding should be afforded

1248-509: Is taking place are said to sometimes make the following errors: [REDACTED] Media related to Child welfare at Wikimedia Commons Sustainable Development Goal 4 Sustainable Development Goal 4 ( SDG 4 or Global Goal 4 ) is about quality education and is among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in September 2015. The full title of SDG 4

1300-542: Is the "Proportion of schools with access to (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic hand-washing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)" The full title of this target is: "By 2020, substantially expand globally

1352-428: Is the act of placing a child in a situation which neglects their health or life. Child endangerment can cause many negative physical and mental effects. This can stem from abusive parental care, child neglect, and a multitude of other reasons. Infanticide is the intentional killing of infants and young children. This practice has been documented throughout history and still occurs in certain cultures today, usually as

1404-665: Is the safeguarding of children from violence, exploitation, abuse, and neglect. It involves identifying signs of potential harm. This includes responding to allegations or suspicions of abuse, providing support and services to protect children, and holding those who have harmed them accountable. The primary goal of child protection is to ensure that all children are safe and free from harm or danger. Child protection also works to prevent future harm by creating policies and systems that identify and respond to risks before they lead to harm. In order to achieve these goals, research suggests that child protection services should be provided in

1456-707: Is to be achieved by 2020 and the rest have no target years. Each of the targets has one or more indicators to measure progress. The targets include free primary and secondary education (4.1), equal access to quality pre-primary education (4.2), equal access to affordable technical, vocational and higher education (4.3), increase the number of people with relevant skills for financial success (4.4), eliminate all discrimination in education (4.5), universal literacy and numeracy (4.6), education for sustainable development and global citizenship (4.7), build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools (4. a), expand higher education scholarships for developing countries (4. b) and increase

1508-515: The Council of Europe , the body that supervises the European Convention on Human Rights, make Recommendation R(84) 4 on Parental Responsibilities. These defined parental responsibility as a 'function' duties to be met and powers that can be exercised to meet those duties. Child abuse and neglect is failure by a person with parental or any other protective responsibility to exercise the powers for

1560-501: The Child , a 'child protection system' provides for the protection of children in and out of the home. One of the ways this can be enabled is through the provision of quality education , the fourth of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals , in addition to other child protection systems. Some literature argues that child protection begins at conception; even how the conception took place can affect

1612-415: The abused child. This entails the regulation of both public and private entities providing care for children and families. Child maltreatment can even occur in cases where state or other guardians take responsibility for a child's welfare. A 2014 European Commission survey on child protection systems listed the following categories of children needing help: The International Labor Organization (ILO)

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1664-408: The biggest challenges in the provision of basic school resources. As much as the emphasis is laid on the imbalances between compared countries, the crucial aspect of gender equality even in education should not be overlooked. It has been proposed in 2020 that Indicator 4.2.1 should be deleted: "the portion of the indicator that measures progress for children 0-23 months that is currently tier III

1716-476: The child's development. Child labor is the practice of having children engage in economic activity on a part-time or full-time basis. The practice is harmful to their physical and mental development. It is considered to be a form of exploitation and is illegal in many countries. Due to economic reasons, especially in poor countries, children are forced to work in order to survive. Child labor often happens in difficult conditions, which are dangerous and impair

1768-414: The education of future citizens, and increase vulnerability to adults. It is hard to know exactly the age and number of children who are affected. At least 152 million children under five years of age worked in 2016, but the figure is underestimated because domestic labor is not counted. The actual statistics cannot be counted exactly due to the many cases of child labor going unseen. Child endangerment

1820-561: The elderly, and a settlement house . The Lutheran Charities merged with a similar group in 1959 and was reborn as Samaritas to offer programs statewide across the Lower Peninsula. The organization began its work in West Michigan in 1965 when it acquired The Lutheran Old Folks Home in downtown Grand Rapids, renamed Luther Home (and MapleCreek in 2007). Samaritas is a social ministry organization member of Lutheran Services in America and

1872-542: The implementation of the MDGs , increment in school enrolment did not translate to improved educational outcomes. Across the world, limited access to the internet has also adversely impacted students' ability to engage in learning opportunities. Since 2015, contributions on behalf of GCE's policy were made to give precise division for SDG4. SDG 4 consists of 7 targets, 3 means of actual application, and 12 indicators. Eight of them are supposed to be achieved by 2030, while one

1924-818: The improvements from previous years. Education plays an important role in improving the human capital of the labor force and it “is considered as an important determinant of sustainable economic growth”. While organizations around the world are putting efforts to achieve this goal, some critics suggest the UN Decade might seem too ideal. Some scholars also pointed out that although higher educational institutions are striving for sustainable development, they are still on their early stage. The full title of this target is: "Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.a.1

1976-431: The intended purpose, which is the benefit of the child. Actions typically include services aimed at supporting at-risk families so they can remain intact to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child, investigation of alleged child abuse and, if necessary, assuming parental responsibility by foster care and adoption services. Child maltreatment refers to any type of harsh treatment or abuse which results in harm to

2028-599: The learner's character and academic level for a better world. The full main aim of this target is: "By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre‑primary education so that they are ready for primary education." This target has two indicators: At the global level, the participation rate in early childhood education was 69 percent in 2017, up from 63 percent in 2010. However, considerable disparities were found among least developed countries with rates ranging from 7 percent to nearly 100 percent. Sub-Saharan Africa faces

2080-512: The learning programs, more precise information collection is required. To collect this information, Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML) is developing the necessary tools for methodology and standardization. The full title of this target is: "By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development , including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights , gender equality , promotion of

2132-437: The number of scholarships available to developing countries , in particular least developed countries , small island developing States and African countries, for enrollment in higher education , including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programs, in developed countries and other developing countries." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.b.1

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2184-499: The number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship ." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 4.4.1 is the "Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill". The full title of this target is: "By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for

2236-474: The practice in 2005). In contexts where military use of children is made, they also risk becoming prisoners of war . Other children are forced into prostitution , exploited by adults for illegal traffic in children, or endangered by poverty and hunger. Infanticide today continues at a much higher rate in areas of extremely high poverty and overpopulation, such as parts of China and India. Female infants, then and even now, are particularly vulnerable, which

2288-515: The present ones to provide safe, inclusive, and effective learning environments for all. Major progress has been made in access to education, specifically at the primary school level, for both boys and girls. In terms of the progress made, global participation in tertiary education reached 225 million in 2018, equivalent to a gross enrollment ratio of 38%. "Education for All" has been a popular slogan and has been given attention through different international development courses ever since 1990. It

2340-560: The progress made, global participation in tertiary education reached 224 million in 2018, equivalent to a gross enrollment ratio of 38%. North Africa and West Asia are among the top regions with the most rapid expansion of tertiary education participation since 2013. Studies have shown that investment to education boost a positive mainstream for children to study at schools. In addition, computer-assisted learning had more positive effect compared to having new teaching materials. The full title of this target is: "By 2030, substantially increase

2392-409: The right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life. A key part of child protection work is assessment. A particular challenge arises where child protection professionals are assessing families where neglect is occurring. Professionals conducting assessments of families where neglect

2444-465: The risk of separation, violence and exploitation. Responsibilities are often spread across government agencies, with services delivered by local authorities, non-State providers, and community groups, making coordination between sectors and levels, including routine referral systems etc.., a necessary component of effective child protection systems." Under Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of

2496-419: The supply of qualified teachers in developing countries. SDG 4 aims to provide children and young people with quality and easy access to education plus other learning opportunities. One of its targets is to achieve universal literacy and numeracy. A major component in acquiring knowledge and valuable skills in the learning environment. Hence, the urgent need to build more educational facilities and also upgrade

2548-577: The supply of qualified teachers in developing countries (4. c) The main mission of this target is: "By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to a relevant and effective learning outcome." In choosing this mission, different issues were considered, with the mission statement itself stipulating that: students are publicly-funded, engaged through inclusive education regardless of their differences, resources, and means are equitably distributed, education has to be instrumental towards

2600-540: The vulnerable, including persons with disabilities , indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.5.1 is "Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict-affected, as data become available) for all education indicators" In 2016, two-thirds of 750 million adults were illiterate women. Adult literacy rates are lowest in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia . Southern Asia alone

2652-493: Was considered critical at the inception of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and tagged SDG 4. Education is seen as a force for sustainable development , nation-building and peace. Children and young people who gain certain skills such as reading, writing, or counting are more likely to have a better future than their peers who lack these skills. The role of education in ensuring sustainable development

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2704-607: Was reached among countries belonging to the United Nations countries about the military use of children. The effectiveness of these programs is contested and seems limited to some. Provincial or state governments' child protection legislation empowers the government department or agency to provide services in the area and to intervene in families where child abuse or other problems are suspected. The agency that manages these services has various names in different provinces and states, e.g., Department of Children's Services, Children's Aid, Department of Child and Family Services. There

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