In medieval Germany, the Schultheiß ( German: [ˈʃʊltaɪs] ) was the head of a municipality (akin to today's office of mayor ), a Vogt or an executive official of the ruler. As official ( villicus ) it was his duty to order his assigned village or county ( villicatio ) to pay the taxes and perform the services due to the ruler. The name originates from this function: Schuld 'debt' + heißen 'to order'. Later, the title was also used for the head of a town ( Stadtschultheiß ) or village ( Dorfschultheiß ).
12-553: (Redirected from LIW ) Liw or LIW can mean: Geography [ edit ] Liw, Poland , a village in Masovia Gmina Liw , an administrative district named after that village Liw, an alternative name for the Liwiec river People [ edit ] Daniel Liw , a Swedish bandy player LIW [ edit ] Levantine Intermediate Water, an oceanographic feature of
24-543: A gord guarding the ford across Liwiec river and the eastern borders of Duchy of Masovia , and the stronghold was moved from the original site to the area of the present castle, built in 1429, in the 13th century. First written document about Liw comes from 1304, during Masovian duke Bolesław II of Masovia rule. Liw received town rights in 1421 or earlier, and between 1493 and 1789 there were two separate towns, Liw Stary ("Old Liw") and Liw Nowy ("New Liw"), and this tradition survived in two Sołtys ( Schultheiß ) offices in
36-452: A ruin of Gothic castle (originally built by the Masovian princes before 1429) and a neo-Gothic church (built 1905–1907). Schulthei%C3%9F The office held by a Schultheiß was called Scholtisei , Scholtisse (around 1400), Schultessy , Schultissīe , Schultissei (15th century); Latinized forms: sculdasia (10th century), scultetia (13th century). The title first appears in
48-565: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Liw, Poland Liw [lif] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Liw , within Węgrów County , Masovian Voivodeship , in east-central Poland. It lies on the river Liwiec (also sometimes called the Liw), approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Węgrów and 68 km (42 mi) east of Warsaw . Liw probably started as
60-1343: The Edictum Rothari of 643 AD, where it is spelled in post-Roman Latin as sculdahis . This title reappears again in the Lombard laws of Liutprand in 723 AD. The title was originally spelled in Old High German as sculdheizo and in Middle High German as Schultheize ; it was Latinised as scultetus or sculteus . Alternative spellings include Schultheis , Schulte or Schulze , or in Switzerland Schultheiss . It also appears in several European languages: In Hungarian as soltész , in Slovak as šoltýs and škultét , in Italian as scoltetto and sculdascio , in Medieval Latin as sculdasius , in Polish as sołtys , in Romanian as șoltuz , and in Dutch as schout . Until as recently as 2007, Schultheiss
72-578: The Mediterranean Sea Low-intensity warfare, alternate term for low-intensity conflict , small-scale military action LIW, IATA code for Loikaw Airport in Burma Lyttleton Ingeneurs Werke , former name of Denel Land Systems , a South African arms manufacturer Long instruction word, in computer science, see Very long instruction word See also [ edit ] Liu (surname) Topics referred to by
84-782: The Russian Empire . During the November Uprising there took place a battle, Battle of Liw , between Polish insurrectionists forces and Russian army in April 1831, which led to the Russian forces withdrawing across the Liwiec river. Based on the Tsar 's order Liw lost its status as a town and became a village in 1866 as the punishment for the town's participation in the January Uprising . The village has
96-452: The present village. Under the Masovian dukes the town was developing rapidly lying on the border with Grand Duchy of Lithuania , it became the capital of ziemia liwska ('Land of Liw'), a judicial center for the eastern Masovia region, it held a weekly Street market , and three times a year there was a fair there. It was finally incorporated into Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in 1537, upon
108-543: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Liw . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liw&oldid=1061594414 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Articles containing Afrikaans-language text Short description
120-516: The settlement between the last princes of Masovia Anna of Masovia and Polish king Sigismund I the Old . Town continued its development and growth into the 17th century, when the wars, Deluge (history) and Great Northern War , brought a physical destruction and a serious decline to the municipality. It lost some of its importance to Węgrów but its final demise was brought by the Partitions of Poland as it
132-552: Was incorporated into the Austrian Partition , the Liw lost its judicial, administrative and economic importance, Austrians dissolved the administrative and territorial unit of ziemia liwska and moved the seat of administrative and judicial powers to Siedlce . In 1807 town became part of the Duchy of Warsaw , and already resembled more a large village than a town. In 1815 it became part of
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#1732859063462144-457: Was the title of the president of the government of the Canton of Lucerne , Switzerland. Schultheiß is also the basis for one of the most common German surnames, existing in many variations such as Schulz , Schultz , Scholz , etc., corresponding to the local variants of the pronunciation of the office. It also produced surnames in a number of other European cultures: see Schultheiss (surname) for
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