Evans & Sutherland is an American computer graphics firm founded in 1968 by David Evans and Ivan Sutherland . Its current products are used in digital projection environments like planetariums . Its simulation business, which it sold to Rockwell Collins , sold products that were used primarily by the military and large industrial firms for training and simulation .
31-409: LDS-1 (Line Drawing System-1) was a calligraphic (vector, rather than raster) display processor and display device created by Evans & Sutherland in 1969. This model was known as the first graphics device with a graphics processing unit . It was controlled by a variety of host computers. Straight lines were smoothly rendered in real-time animation. General principles of operation were similar to
62-511: A brief period between 1986 and 1989 E&S was also a supercomputer vendor, but their ES-1 was released just as the supercomputer market was drying up in the post- Cold War military wind-down. Only a handful of machines were built, most broken up for scrap. One sample ES-1 is in storage at the Computer History Museum . During the 1990s E&S tried to expand into several other commercial markets. The Freedom Series graphics engine
93-739: A licensed national securities exchange. In 2007, it merged with OMX, a leading exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint, and changed its name to the NASDAQ OMX Group. To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), must have at least three market makers (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities) and must meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders. In February 2011, in
124-402: A listing on NASDAQ . In the 1980s E&S added a Digital Theater division, supplying all-digital projectors to create immersive mass-audience experiences at planetariums, visitor attractions and similar education and entertainment venues. Digital Theater grew to become a major arm of E&S commercial activity with hundreds of Digistar 1 and 2 systems installed around the world, such as at
155-458: A report alleging that Nasdaq market makers fixed prices by avoiding "odd-eighths" quotes (at the time, stock prices were quoted in increments of an eighth of a dollar) to artificially widen spreads. The report was followed by a new set of rules for how Nasdaq handled orders. In 1998, it became the first stock market in the United States to trade online, using the slogan "the stock market for
186-486: A rival vendor in the planetarium market, giving the combined business the largest base of installed planetaria worldwide and adding in-house projection-dome manufacturing capability to E&S' offering. In 2006 Evans and Sutherland sold its simulation business, which for decades was the core of the company, to Rockwell Collins . On February 10, 2020, Elevate Entertainment and Evans & Sutherland announced that Elevate would purchase E&S for $ 1.19 per share in cash in
217-629: A transaction valued at $ 14,500,000. An Evans & Sutherland computer was used in the creation of the Project Genesis simulation sequence in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982). The star fields, and the tactical bridge displays on the Kobayashi Maru simulator and USS Enterprise were created by Evans & Sutherland employees and filmed directly from the screen of a prototype Digistar system at company headquarters. This film
248-508: A way to perform electronic trades. The NASDAQ Stock Market eventually assumed the majority of major trades that had been executed by the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading, but there are still many securities traded in this fashion. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as "OTC" in media reports and also in the monthly Stock Guides (stock guides and procedures) issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation. Over
279-485: Is owned by Nasdaq, Inc. , which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic stock market network and several U.S.-based stock and options exchanges . Although it trades stock of healthcare, financial, media, entertainment, retail, hospitality, and food businesses, it focuses more on technology stocks . The exchange is made up of both American and foreign firms, with China and Israel being the largest foreign sources. "Nasdaq"
310-520: The NASDAQ Composite stock market index peaked at 5,132.52, but fell to 3,227 by April 17, and, in the following 30 months, fell 78% from its peak. In a series of sales in 2000 and 2001, FINRA sold its stake in the Nasdaq. On July 2, 2002, Nasdaq Inc. became a public company via an initial public offering . In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to
341-526: The Saint Louis Science Center in St. Louis, Missouri . In the mid-1980s Evans & Sutherland introduced a geometric modeling system called CDRS, that provided high quality surface design capabilities together with a photo-realistic rendering system. CDRS was sold to many well known manufacturers including both Ford & Chrysler. CDRS was acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation in 1995. For
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#1732851024835372-414: The 1970s the company expanded their line of simulation systems, first building a five-projector graphics system to simulate a ship steaming into New York Harbor and through its surroundings. This graphics system was installed on the mock-up of a ship's bridge and used to train ship's pilots how to navigate into and out of New York Harbor. The project, called CAORF (Computer Aided Operations Research Facility),
403-618: The Best!". NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market ( / ˈ n æ z d æ k / ; National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American stock exchange based in New York City . It is the most active stock trading venue in the U.S. by volume, and ranked second on the list of stock exchanges by market capitalization of shares traded, behind the New York Stock Exchange . The exchange platform
434-653: The EMiniCME. Below are the contract specifications for the Nasdaq 100 and derivatives. Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels: The Nasdaq Stock Market sessions, with times in the Eastern Time Zone are: 7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.: extended-hours trading session (premarket) 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.: normal trading session 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.: extended-hours trading session (postmarket) The Nasdaq Stock Market averages about 253 trading days per year. The Nasdaq Stock Market has three different market tiers: After
465-467: The company to produce hardware to run the systems being developed in the university, working from an abandoned barracks on the university grounds. The company was later housed in the University of Utah Research Park . Most of the employees were active or former students, and included Jim Clark , who started Silicon Graphics , Ed Catmull , co-founder of Pixar , and John Warnock , founder of Adobe . In
496-634: The continued price increases when selling market data . In December 2020, NASDAQ announced that it would strip its indexes of four Chinese companies in response to Executive Order 13959 . In September 2024, the European Commission said it had carried out an unannounced inspection at the offices of Nasdaq over potential anti-competitive practices. Nasdaq 100 futures are traded on the CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) while its derivatives, E-Mini Nasdaq 100 and Micro E-Mini Nasdaq 100 futures are traded on
527-500: The early 1970s they purchased General Electric 's flight simulator division and formed a partnership with Rediffusion Simulation , a UK -based flight simulator company, to design and build digital flight simulators. For the next three decades this was E&S's primary market, delivering display systems with enough brightness to light up a simulator cockpit to daytime light levels. These simulators were used for training in in-flight refueling, carrier landing, AWACS, and B52. Later in
558-529: The eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). In November 2016, chief operating officer Adena Friedman was promoted to chief executive officer , becoming the first woman to run a major exchange in the U.S. In 2016, Nasdaq earned $ 272 million in listings-related revenues. In October 2018, the SEC ruled that the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq did not justify
589-503: The next hundred years". The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted many companies during the dot-com bubble . Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite , which has been published since its inception. The QQQ exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap NASDAQ-100 index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, which tracks the largest 100 companies in terms of market capitalization . On March 10, 2000,
620-606: The systems used today: 4x4 transformation matrices , 1x4 vertices . Possible uses included flight simulation (in the product brochure there are screenshots of landing on a carrier), scientific imaging and GIS systems. The first LDS-1 was shipped to the customer ( BBN ) in August 1969. Only a few of these systems were ever built. One was used by the Los Angeles Times as their first typesetting/layout computer. One went to NASA Ames Research Center for Human Factors Research. Another
651-480: The wake of an announced merger of NYSE Euronext with Deutsche Börse , speculation developed that NASDAQ OMX and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) could mount a counter-bid of their own for NYSE. NASDAQ OMX could be looking to acquire the American exchange's cash equities business, ICE the derivatives business. At the time, "NYSE Euronext's market value was $ 9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $ 5.78 billion, while ICE
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#1732851024835682-521: The years, it became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and automated trading systems. In 1981, Nasdaq traded 37% of the U.S. securities markets' total of 21 billion shares. By 1991, Nasdaq's share had grown to 46%. In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of capital markets . In 1996, the SEC issued
713-592: Was bought by the Port Authority of New York to develop a tugboat pilot trainer for navigation in the harbor. The MIT Dynamic Modeling had one, and there was a program for viewing an ongoing game of Maze War . Evans %26 Sutherland The company was founded in 1968 by David C. Evans and Ivan Sutherland , professors in the Computer Science Department at the University of Utah . who were pioneers in computer graphics technology. They formed
744-957: Was built for the US Maritime Academy. The project paved the way for other visual simulation systems including a NASA Space Shuttle manipulator arm, EVS, submarine periscope and space station docking simulators. Starting in 1969, E&S produced the LDS-1 (Line Drawing System-1) , and later the Picture System 1, 2 and PS300 series. These unique "calligraphic" (analog vector drawing) color displays had depth cueing and could draw large wireframe models and manipulate (rotate, shift, zoom) them in real time. They were used both in chemistry by pharmaceutical companies to visualize large molecules such as enzymes or polynucleotides, and by aerospace companies, such as Boeing, McDonnell-Douglas and others, to design aircraft. The Evans & Sutherland Shaded Picture System
775-577: Was developed to work with Sun Microsystems , IBM , Hewlett-Packard , and DEC workstations. 3D Pro technology was developed for the first wave of 3D graphics cards for PCs. Also, the MindSet virtual set system was created to address the needs of the broadcast video market. In 1993 Evans and Sutherland helped Japanese arcade giant Namco with texture-mapping technology in Namco's System 22 arcade board that powered Ridge Racer . The help that E&S gave Namco
806-535: Was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock Market. It was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. In 2003, operations were shut down as a result of the burst of the dot-com bubble . In 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived first as Equiduct and was acquired by Börse Berlin later that year. On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative on
837-560: Was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), now known as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority . On February 8, 1971, the Nasdaq stock market began operations as the world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a "quotation system" and did not provide
868-471: Was introduced in 1973, and was the first commercially available product capable of producing real-time, shaded hidden-line 3D graphics. It was extremely expensive and could only produce black-and-white images at a resolution of 256x256. The end of the Picture System line came in the late 1980s, when raster devices on workstations could render anti-aliased lines faster. In 1978 the company went public with
899-501: Was one of the first ever to use computer graphics (after Futureworld in 1976). Star fields and some of the other shots were reused in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984) and later films. NBC would later use an Evans & Sutherland Picture System for its 1984–1985 promotional campaign "Let's All Be There!", as well as subsequent campaigns, concluding with the 1989–1990 season promotional campaign "Come Home to
930-641: Was similar to the help that Martin Marietta gave Sega with the MODEL 2 board that powered Daytona USA and Desert Tank arcade games. In 1998 Evans and Sutherland acquired AccelGraphics Inc, a manufacturer of computer graphics boards, for $ 52m. Since its launch in July 2002, the company's Digistar 3 system became the world's fastest selling Digital Theater system and is installed in upwards of 120 fulldome venues worldwide. On May 9, 2006, Evans & Sutherland acquired Spitz Inc,
961-646: Was valued at $ 9.45 billion." Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $ 11–12 billion counterbid. In December 2005, NASDAQ acquired Instinet for $ 1.9 billion, retaining the Inet ECN and subsequently selling the agency brokerage business to Silver Lake Partners and Instinet management. The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ)