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17-583: Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region, the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a prefecture-level area , and the area was reformed into a prefecture-level city in July 2004. In 2010,

34-468: A formally recognized level of government in the same way as provinces and counties. By far the most common type of prefecture-level division, prefecture-level cities are cities with the right to administer surrounding counties. This arrangement is known as "cities governing counties." Although there have been at least a few prefecture-level cities since the beginning of the PRC, they were relatively uncommon until

51-449: A locally elected People's Government and People's Congress. Leagues are similar to autonomous prefectures but are unique to Inner Mongolia . Their numbers have been declining in recent years as most are converted to prefecture-level cities. Only three leagues remain. Notes: History of the administrative divisions of China (1949%E2%80%93present) The history of the administrative divisions of China after 1949 refers to

68-457: Is officially divided into 339 prefecture-level divisions , which rank below provinces and above counties as the second-level administrative division in the country. Of these, 333 are located in territory controlled by the People's Republic of China , while 6 are located in land controlled by Taiwan . There are four types of prefecture-level divisions: Of these, leagues and prefectures are in

85-614: The Great Leap Forward , townships were abolished and people's communes were introduced. In 1965 Tibet Autonomous Region was established out of the formerly self-governing Tibet Area , as well as the Qamdo Territory. In 1967 Tianjin was split back out as a municipality. In 1969, as part of the Cultural Revolution , Inner Mongolia was truncated; Hulunbuir was ceded to Heilongjiang, Jirim to Jilin, Juuuda to Liaoning, and

102-428: The 1980s, the most common prefecture-level division was the prefecture , which operated as the field agencies of the provincial government. Unlike other prefecture-level governments, they do not have their own People's Governments or People's Congresses. They are instead the field agencies of the province whose role is to supervise the local county governments. However, the number of prefectures has declined rapidly since

119-427: The 1980s. Since then, hundreds of prefectures have been converted into prefecture-level cities. They are each headed by a People's Government, whose officials are appointed by the province but subject to approval by the local People's Congress. As with other levels of Chinese government, the People's Congress can adopt local regulations and elects a standing committee to exercise its powers when not in session. Until

136-469: The 1980s. There are now only six prefectures left, mainly in rural areas of outlying provinces. Unlike other prefecture-level divisions, autonomous prefectures are a formal part of the Chinese administrative structure. They were established in 1953 as part of a series of administrative reforms giving greater autonomy to ethnic minorities. Like leagues and prefecture-level cities, autonomous prefectures have

153-626: The Alxa League split between Ejin Banner going to Gansu and the Alashan Region to Ningxia. This was reversed in 1979. Starting in the 1980s, prefecture-level cities and county-level cities began to appear in very large numbers, usually by replacing entire prefectures and counties . People's communes ceased to exist due to the 1982 constitution and were replaced by townships . Hainan and some other islands were split out of Guangdong and set up as

170-638: The administrative divisions under the People's Republic of China . In 1949, the communist forces initially held scattered fragments of China at the start of the Chinese Civil War . By late 1949, they controlled the majority of mainland China , forcing the Republic of China government to relocate to Taiwan . The Government of China made the following changes: In 1952, the provinces of Jiangsu , Anhui and Sichuan were restored. Pingyuan and Chahar were split into their surrounding provinces. Nanjing ,

187-1129: The annual mean is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. Prefecture-level divisions of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present China

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204-539: The city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor Zhang Zhongsheng . However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and

221-449: The old capital of the Republic of China , was deprived of its municipality status and annexed by Jiangsu province. In 1953, Changchun and Harbin were elevated to municipality status. In 1954, a massive campaign to cut the number of provincial-level divisions was initiated. Of the 14 municipalities existing in 1953, 11 were annexed by nearby provinces, with only Beijing , Shanghai , and Tianjin remaining. The province of Liaoning

238-733: The process of being abolished and transformed into one of the other two types of prefecture-level divisions. Modern prefectures emerged out of successive attempts by Yuan Shikai and later the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China to abolish the second level of administrative divisions. When these attempts eventually failed, modern prefectures were created in 1936. Chinese provinces are relatively large by international standards, and provincial administrations have difficulty administering counties without an intermediary level of government. However, prefecture-level divisions are still not

255-420: The second autonomous region of China, and plans for a third, Tibet Autonomous Region , were initiated. Qamdo territory was put under the planned Tibet Autonomous Region . In 1957 two more autonomous regions were added, Ningxia (split back out of Gansu ) and Guangxi (which was previously a province). In 1958 Tianjin was annexed by Hebei , leaving only two municipalities, Beijing and Shanghai . During

272-423: Was formed out of the merger of Liaodong and Liaoxi , while Songjiang , Suiyuan and Ningxia disappeared into Heilongjiang , Inner Mongolia and Gansu , respectively. The greater administrative area level was abolished in 1954. The process continued in 1955 with Rehe being split among Hebei , Liaoning and Inner Mongolia , and Xikang disappearing into Sichuan . In that same year Xinjiang became

289-881: Was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve. The Chinese-American reproductive biologist Min Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908. Lüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties: Lüliang has a monsoon -influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification , falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk ) and humid continental ( Dwa ) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation . Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) in January to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in July, while

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