Misplaced Pages

#594405

27-495: The King's House on Schachen is located at Schachen , at an altitude with a view of the dramatic mountain backdrop of the Wetterstein Formation , about 10 km south of Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Bavaria . It can only be reached via a 10 km forest road, or a three-hour hike, ascending 1000m either from Schloss Elmau or Garmisch-Partenkirchen , which provides a view of Zugspitze amongst others. The King's House on Schachen

54-631: A maximum thickness of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) with major regional thickness variations. It belongs to the tectonostratigraphical unit Austroalpine nappes . The carbonate rock of the formation is from the Middle Triassic epoch of the Ladinian stage, comparable to the German stage in which Muschelkalk rock strata were formed. The formation has provided numerous fossils of corals , sponges , bivalves , gastropods and other marine groups indicative of

81-533: A result of recrystallisation, fossils in the Wetterstein dolomite are harder to distinguish, and even in thin sections may be barely recognizable. Wetterstein dolomite is rarely as bituminous as typical Main Dolomite and therefore tends to be much more pure and brighter-coloured. Otherwise, there are no fundamental differences with the Wetterstein limestone. Among others, the following fossils have been described from

108-603: A shallow marine carbonate platform environment deposited at the northern end of the Tethys Ocean . The Wetterstein Formation is named after the Wetterstein Mountains in southern Germany and northwestern Austria. Alternative names for the whole formation or parts of it in stratigraphical (vertical) or facies (lateral) sense are: The Swiss stratigraphical lexicon uses Wetterstein Formation as "informal, but used name" with

135-808: Is different and these deposits are classified as a separate formation, the Grafenwöhr Formation , which continues into the Upper Muschelkalk. In the Middle Muschelkalk, weathering can form characteristic cellular dolomite ( Zellendolomit ). The Upper Muschelkalk ( Hauptmuschelkalk ) is similar to the Lower Muschelkalk and consists of regular beds of shelly limestone, marl and dolomite. It is divided into six formations: Trochitenkalk , Meißner Formation , Irrel Formation , Gilsdorf Formation and Warburg Formation . The lower portion or Trochitenkalk

162-417: Is often composed entirely of the fragmentary stems of the crinoid Encrinus liliiformis ; higher up come beds with a series of ammonites , Ceratites compressus , Ceratites nodosus , and Ceratites semipartitus in ascending order. In Swabia and Franconia the highest beds are platy dolomites with Tringonodus sandergensis and the crustacean Bairdia . In addition to the fossils mentioned above,

189-826: The Békés Zone . In the Dinarides , the formation is time-equivalent with the Grivska Formation of Bosnia . The Kopaonik Formation in its eponymous mountain range in Serbia is considered a distal, more deep water equivalent of the Wetterstein platform sediments. Dolomitization of the Wetterstein Carbonate Platform is a widespread phenomenon, especially in the Tirolic units of the Northern Calcareous Alps. At

216-926: The Gutenstein and Steinalm Formations and unconformably underlies the Reingraben Formation . In the Aggtelek - Rudabánya mountains of Hungary, the formation, called Wetterstein Limestone Formation overlies the Reifling and Steinalm Formations and is overlain by the Szádvárborsa Formation . In Austria the Wetterstein Dolomite correlates with the Alberg Formation of the Linz Dolomites ,

243-957: The Hohe Tauern window and is part of the Austroalpine nappes . In the Semmering area of Austria, where the name Wettersteindolomit is used, the formation is unconformably overlain by the Kapellener Shale and overlies the Reifling Formation , in the Kalkkögel and Radstadt Tauern the dolomite overlies the Partnach Formation and is overlain by the Raibl Formation , while in Tyrol the formation, called Wettersteinkalk/dolomit unconformably overlies

270-746: The Saarland and in Alsace . The Muschelkalk was deposited in a land-locked sea which, in the earlier part of its existence, had only imperfect communications with the more open waters of the Tethys Ocean to the south. The basin in which the Muschelkalk was deposited is called the Germanic Basin . Sometimes stratigraphic units with the same age from the Alps , southern Europe and even Asia are called Muschelkalk too. Of course these rocks have little history in common with

297-632: The Western Carpathians . The formation is composed of mostly reefal limestones and dolomites , the latter the result of widespread diagenesis . In many areas there is a frequent alternation of limestone and dolomite facies. Local variants to indicate the Wetterstein Formation include German : Wettersteinkalk ( Wetterstein Limestone ), Wettersteindolomit ("Wetterstein Dolomite") and combinations thereof. The Wetterstein Formation reaches

SECTION 10

#1732855538595

324-722: The Alps to the Himalayas. It is maintained by the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg , open during the summer months daily from 8 am to 5 pm, admission cost 2.50 euros as of 2018. Although the Wetterstein Mountains are primarily limestone, the limestone and dolomite weather differently: dolomite decomposes into a shard and splinter debris on which some plants thrive particularly well. Lime weathers chemically, calcifications arise, in which water quickly seeps away. On

351-529: The Clessinsperre, the type locality for the underlying Steinalm Formation, intense dolomitization has altered the microfacies characteristics of the Wetterstein Carbonate platform – typical are fore-reef carbonates, later reefal and back-reefal carbonates topped by lagoonal carbonates, making the original features hardly visible. Because, during dolomitisation , traces of fossils are largely lost as

378-581: The Saarland and Alsace and northern Eifel , the Lower Muschelkalk has more sandy beds, the Muschelsandstein ., "mussel sandstone" The Middle Muschelkalk or Anbydnite Group consists mainly of evaporites (gypsum, anhydrite and halite ) and is divided into three formations: Karlstadt Formation , Heilbronn Formation and Diemel Formation . The sedimentary facies at the margins of the Germanic Basin

405-676: The Triassic system . The name indicates a characteristic feature of the unit, namely the frequent occurrence of lenticular banks composed of fossil shells. The Muschelkalk is restricted to the subsurface in most of Germany and adjacent regions as the Low Countries , the North Sea and parts of Silesia , Poland and Denmark . Outcrops are found in Thuringia , the Harz , Franconia , Hesse , Swabia , and

432-575: The Wetterstein Formation: Muschelkalk The Muschelkalk (German for "shell-bearing limestone"; French : calcaire coquillier ) is a sequence of sedimentary rock strata (a lithostratigraphic unit ) in the geology of central and western Europe. It has a Middle Triassic (240 to 230 million years) age and forms the middle part of the three-part Germanic Trias (that gives the Triassic its name) lying above

459-965: The Wetterstein kalk/dolomite with the lower part of the Hallstatt Formation of the Northern Limestone Alps and with the Schlern Dolomite , or Schlern Formation, in the Southern Limestone Alps . In Hungary, the formation is time-equivalent with the Berva Formation of the Bükk , the Bódvavölgyi Ophiolite , Szentjánoshegy and Derenk Formations of the Aggtelek-Rudabánya range and the Csanádapáca Formation of

486-564: The central European Muschelkalk except for similarities in fossil content. Closer at hand, the Alpine Muschelkalk differs in many respects from that of Central Europe, and in its characteristic fossil fauna has a closer affinity with the Triassic Tethys realm . The Muschelkalk can be up to 100 meters thick; it is divisible into three subdivisions, of which the upper and lower are pale thin-bedded limestones with greenish-grey marls ,

513-545: The entire upper-floor of the castle, and is elaborately decorated in an Oriental fashion. The extravagant upstairs interior stands in stark contrast to the exterior and ground floor, which are rather modestly built in the style of alpine chalets , as they were often built as excursion restaurants. Adjacent to the house itself is the Alpengarten auf dem Schachen on about one hectare, an alpine botanical garden at about 2000m altitude, which contains over 1,000 plant species from

540-526: The following are Muschelkalk forms: Coenothyris vulgaris, Mentzelia mentzeli and Spiriferina hirsuta, Myophoria vulgaris, Rhynchotites hirundo, Ceratites munsteri, Ptychites studeri, Balatonites balatonicus, Aspidura scutellata, Daonella lommeli , and in the Alpine region several rock-forming algae (for example, Baciryllium, Gyroporella, and Diplopora ). The salt beds are worked at Halle (Saale) , Bad Friedrichshall , Heilbronn , Szczecin and Erfurt . It

567-521: The following historical variants: Its subunits include: The Wetterstein Formation, with a total thickness of up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), is a major regional stratigraphic unit of the Northern Limestone Alps and Western Carpathians in Central Europe , spanning across four countries from southwestern Bavaria to northwestern Slovakia . The formation crops out to the north of

SECTION 20

#1732855538595

594-590: The middle group being composed of gypsiferous and saliniferous marls with dolomite. Stylolites are common in all the Muschelkalk limestones. The lithostratigraphic status of the Muschelkalk differs regionally. In Germany it is considered a group , in the Netherlands a formation . The German Muschelkalk Group is subdivided into three subgroups: Upper, Middle and Lower Muschelkalk. The Lower Muschelkalk consists mainly of limestone, calcareous marls and clayey marls. Some beds are composed of porous cellular limestone,

621-495: The older Buntsandstein and below the younger Keuper . The Muschelkalk (" mussel - chalk ") consists of a sequence of limestone and dolomite beds . In the past, the time span in which the Muschelkalk was deposited could also be called "Muschelkalk". In modern stratigraphy , however, the name only applies to the layers of rock. The name Muschelkalk was first used by German geologist Georg Christian Füchsel (1722-1773). In 1834, Friedrich August von Alberti included it into

648-670: The other hand, the sandstone provides for loamy and low-limestone soils that hold water well. Altogether 42 plant beds are assigned to different geographical regions, the flora of the Bavarian forest, the Alps, Carpathians, Patagonia, the Rocky Mountains - and the Himalayas. Wetterstein Formation The Wetterstein Formation is a regional geologic formation of the Northern Limestone Alps and Western Carpathians extending from southern Bavaria , Germany in

675-408: The so-called Schaumkalk , there are also oolite beds. The Lower Muschelkalk is divided into six formations: Jena Formation , Rüdersdorf Formation , Udelfangen Formation , Freudenstadt Formation and Eschenbach Formation . The Lower Muschelkalk is sometimes called Wellenkalk , German : Welle the "wave" chalk, so called on account of the buckled wavy character the bedding has received. In

702-589: The west, through northern Austria to northern Hungary and western Slovakia in the east. The formation dates back to the Ladinian to Carnian stages of the Late Triassic . The formation is named after the Wetterstein Mountains in southern Germany and northwestern Austria. The center of its distribution, however, is in the Karwendel Mountains. It occurs in the Northern and Southern Limestone Alps and in

729-408: Was built between 1869 and 1872 for Ludwig II of Bavaria and designed by architect Georg von Dollmann . It is often described as a hunting lodge , though Ludwig never used it for this purpose, as he didn't like to hunt, instead utilizing it for birthday and anniversary celebrations. The building is the least-known of the palaces built by Ludwig. One room known as the "Turkish or Moorish Room" occupies

#594405