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29-473: The river's name, from Inupiaq , was recorded in 1900 by the United States Geological Survey. The United States Board on Geographic Names officially adopted the name in 1950. There is one former village site on the lower Kuzitrin, at Mary's Igloo . The village is abandoned but is still used for subsistence activities by people from the nearby village of Teller . This article about

58-599: A Board made up of representatives from the different Government services interested, to which may be referred any disputed question of geographical orthography." President Benjamin Harrison signed executive order 28 on September 4, 1890, establishing the Board on Geographical Names . "To this Board shall be referred all unsettled questions concerning geographic names. The decisions of the Board are to be accepted [by federal departments] as

87-625: A location in the Nome Census Area, Alaska is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Alaska is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . United States Board on Geographic Names The United States Board on Geographic Names ( BGN ) is a federal body operating under the United States Secretary of the Interior . The purpose of

116-678: A move underway to digital document production and preservation, the name of the GPO was officially changed to "Government Publishing Office" in a provision of an omnibus government funding bill passed by Congress in December 2014. Following signature of this legislation by President Barack Obama , the name change took place on December 17, 2014. By law, the Public Printer heads the GPO. The position of Public Printer traces its roots back to Benjamin Franklin and

145-490: A steady decline in the number of staff at the agency. For its entire history, the GPO has occupied the corner of North Capitol Street NW and H Street NW in the District of Columbia. The large red brick building that houses the GPO was erected in 1903 and is unusual in being one of the few large, red brick government structures in a city where most government buildings are mostly marble and granite. (The Smithsonian Castle and

174-850: Is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States Federal government . The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government, including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court , the Congress , the Executive Office of the President , executive departments , and independent agencies . An act of Congress changed

203-624: Is often a phase lag where a delay occurs in adoption of a locally used name. Sometimes the delay is several decades. Volunteers in the Earth Science Corps are used to assist the US Geological Survey in collecting names of geographic features. The BGN currently publishes names on its website. In the past, the BGN issued its decisions in various publications under different titles at different intervals with various information included. In 1933,

232-791: The Senate . The Director selects a Superintendent of Documents. The Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) is in charge of the dissemination of information at the GPO. This is accomplished through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), the Cataloging and Indexing Program and the Publication Sales Program, as well as operation of the Federal Citizen Information Center in Pueblo, Colorado . Adelaide Hasse

261-585: The BGN published a significant consolidated report of all decisions from 1890 to 1932 in its Sixth Report of the United States Geographic Board 1890–1932 . For many years, the BGN published a quarterly report under the title Decisions on Geographic Names . Government Publishing Office The United States Government Publishing Office ( USGPO or GPO ), formerly the United States Government Printing Office ,

290-416: The BGN's decisions. The BGN has an executive committee and two permanent committees with full authority: the 10- to 15-member Domestic Names Committee and the 8- to 10-member Foreign Names Committee. Both comprise government employees only. Each maintains its own database. The BGN does not create place names but responds to proposals for names from federal agencies; state, local, and tribal governments; and

319-427: The Board on Geographical names by individuals, private organizations, or government agencies. It is the Board's responsibility to render formal decisions on new names, proposed changes in names, and names which are in conflict. [The decisions] define the spellings and applications of the names for use on maps and other publications of Federal agencies The board has developed principles, policies, and procedures governing

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348-519: The Federal government's printing but prints the official journals of government in-house, GPO has been producing U.S. passports since the 1920s. The United States Department of State began issuing e-passports in 2006. The e-Passport includes an electronic chip embedded in the cover that contains the same information that is printed in the passport: name, date and place of birth, sex, dates of passport issuance and expiration, passport number, and photo of

377-665: The Pension Building, now the National Building Museum , are other exceptions.) An additional structure was attached to its north in later years. The activities of the GPO are defined in the public printing and documents chapters of Title 44 of the United States Code . The Director (formerly the Public Printer ), who serves as the head of the GPO, is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of

406-734: The Presidents , covering the administrations of Presidents Herbert Hoover onward (except Franklin D. Roosevelt , whose papers were privately printed). GPO published the Statistical Abstract of the United States for the Census Bureau from 1878 to 2012. In 1993, President Bill Clinton signed the GPO Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act, which enabled GPO to put Government information online for

435-530: The Presidents , the U.S. Code , and other materials. Security and law enforcement for GPO facilities is provided by the Government Publishing Office Police . The force is part of the GPO's Security Services Division , and in 2003 it had 53 officers. Officers are appointed under Title 44 USC § 317 by the Public Printer (or their delegate). Their duty is to "protect persons and property in premises and adjacent areas occupied by or under

464-630: The bearer. GPO produces the blank e-Passport, while the Department of State receives and adjudicates applications and issues individual passports. GPO ceased production of legacy passports in May 2007, shifting production entirely to e-passports. In March 2008, the Washington Times published a three-part story about the outsourcing of electronic passports to overseas companies, including one in Thailand that

493-514: The board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States . Nevertheless, its rulings and policies have been controversial from time to time. On January 8, 1890, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall , superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Office, wrote to 10 noted geographers "to suggest the organization of

522-479: The control of the Government Printing Office". Officers are authorized to bear and use arms in the performance of their duties, make arrests for violations of Federal and state law (and that of Washington, D.C. ), and enforce the regulations of the Public Printer, including requiring the removal from GPO premises of individuals who violate such regulations. Officers have concurrent jurisdiction with

551-786: The feature or place name are cited. Variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded. The BGN has members from six federal departments as well as the Central Intelligence Agency , the US Government Publishing Office , the Library of Congress , and the US Postal Service . The BGN rules on hundreds of naming decisions annually and stores over two million geographical records in its databases at geonames.usgs.gov. State and local governments and private mapping organizations usually follow

580-597: The first time. One year later, GPO began putting Government information online for the public to access. In 2009, GPO replaced its GPO Access website with the Federal Digital System, or FDsys. In 2016, GPO launched GovInfo , a mobile-friendly website for the public to access Government information. GovInfo makes available at no charge the Congressional Record , the Federal Register , Public Papers of

609-542: The local name for federal use. The BGN does not translate terms, but instead accurately uses foreign names in the Roman alphabet. For non-Roman languages, the BGN uses transliteration systems or creates them for less well-known languages. The BGN does not recognize the use of the possessive apostrophe and has only granted an exception five times during its history, including one for Martha's Vineyard , Massachusetts. In federal mapping and names collection efforts, there

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638-446: The office's name to its current form in 2014. The Government Printing Office was created by congressional joint resolution (12  Stat.   117 ) on June 23, 1860. It began operations March 4, 1861, with 350 employees and reached a peak employment of 8,500 in 1972. The agency began transformation to computer technology in the 1980s; along with the gradual replacement of paper with electronic document distribution, this has led to

667-476: The period before the American Revolution, when he served as "publick printer", whose job was to produce official government documents for Pennsylvania and other colonies. When the agency was renamed in December 2014 the title "Public Printer" was also changed to "Director". Davita Vance-Cooks was therefore the first "Director" of the GPO. Superintendent : Public Printers : The GPO contracts out much of

696-412: The public. Any person or organization, public or private, may make inquiries or request the board to render formal decisions on proposed new names, proposed name changes, or names that are in conflict. Generally, the BGN defers federal name use to comply with local usage. There are a few exceptions. For example, in rare cases where a locally used name is very offensive, the BGN may decide against adoption of

725-411: The standard authority for such matters." The board was given authority to resolve all unsettled questions concerning geographic names. Decisions of the board were accepted as binding by all departments and agencies of the federal government . The board has since undergone several name changes. In 1934, it was transferred to the Department of the Interior . The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names

754-531: The use of domestic and foreign geographic names, including underseas. The BGN also deals with names of geographical features in Antarctica via its Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names . The Geographic Names Information System , developed by the BGN in cooperation with the US Geological Survey , includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps which confirm

783-537: Was established in 1943 as the Special Committee on Antarctic Names (SCAN). In 1963, the Advisory Committee on Undersea Features was started for standardization of names of undersea features. Its present form derives from a 1947 law, Public Law 80-242. The 1969 BGN publication Decisions on Geographic Names in the United States stated the agency's chief purpose as: [Names are] submitted for decisions to

812-442: Was subject to Chinese espionage. GPO designs, prints, encodes, and personalizes Trusted Traveler Program cards ( NEXUS , SENTRI and FAST) for the Department of Homeland Security , Customs and Border Protection (CBP). GPO publishes the U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual . Among the venerable series are Foreign Relations of the United States for the Department of State (since 1861), and Public Papers of

841-539: Was the founder of the Superintendent of Documents classification system. The GPO first used 100 percent recycled paper for the Congressional Record and Federal Register from 1991 to 1997, under Public Printers Robert Houk and Michael DiMario. The GPO resumed using recycled paper in 2009. In March 2011, the GPO issued a new illustrated official history covering the agency's 150 years of "Keeping America Informed". With demand for print publications falling and

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