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32-410: Kutai Kartanegara Regency (abbreviated as Kukar ) is a regency of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia . It has a land area of 27,263.10 km and a water area of 4,097 km, geographically located between 1°18′40″S and 116°31′36″E. The population of the regency was 626,286 at the 2010 Census and 729,382 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 788,113. The town of Tenggarong

64-599: A 64-metre canopy bridge that connects five big Bangkirai trees 30 metres above the ground. In 2011, East Kalimantan province developed an 18-hectare plot of land for mangrove information and research center in Sepatin village, in Anggana District, as Bali has done. It will function as a research, exhibition, information, breeding as well as education center on mangroves, especially in the Mahakam Delta. In early 2015 it

96-404: A healthy tropical rainforest. It also contains shallow swampy areas made up of acidic, decomposed plant matter. These swampy areas have seasonal bouts of dry weather; during the wet season the rivers rise around two meters. Maroon leaf monkeys are arboreal primates and spend most of their time in the canopy. They have a large home ranges and low population densities compared to other primates. This

128-475: A relationship with the native rulers who continued to prevail in much of Indonesia outside Java), but in practice the bupati had to follow Dutch instructions on any matter of concern to the colonial authorities. Like the current system of government in Indonesia, the system of historical times is still in effect. The relationship between those sides was ambivalent: while legal and military power rested with

160-469: Is a member of the family Cercopithecidae . It is found on the southeast Asian island of Borneo and the nearby smaller Karimata . P. rubicunda mostly live in forests at altitudes below 2,000 m. They feed on leaves, seeds, and fruits. Maroon leaf monkeys ( Presbytis rubicunda ) are endemic to the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Their habitat is dense dipterocarp evergreen forest. Borneo has

192-437: Is believed to be because they rely on specific trees which are rare and widely dispersed. Maroon leaf monkeys are herbivores. Their main diet is fruits, seeds, young leaves, and flowers. They are selective feeders, as food becomes limited they will feed on certain types of plant matter or seeds during their time of abundance. To maintain a balance in their diet, they will consume topsoil from termite mounds. Their primary food

224-517: Is mentioned among the titles of local rulers who paid allegiance to Sriwijaya's kings. Related titles which were also used in precolonial Indonesia are adipati ('duke') and senapati ('lord of the army' or 'general'). Regencies as we know them today were first created January 28, 1892, when the Dutch East Indies government established the Landarchief. The first landarchivasis was confirmed

256-498: Is not abundant. During 25-month (May to October) observation study maroon leaf monkeys spent "46 percent of their feeding time on young leaves, 38 percent on seeds, 12 percent on whole fruits, 2 percent on flowers, 1.0 percent on bark, and 1.2 percent on pith." The Danum Valley of eastern Sabah , northern Borneo, had a rainfall of 3,115 millimetres (122.6 in) between the year 2007 and 2008, with temperature ranging from 31.4 °C (88.5 °F) to 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), with

288-571: Is originally a loanword from Sanskrit , a shortening of the Sanskrit title bhumi-pati ( bhumi भूमि '(of the) land' + pati पति 'lord', hence bhumi-pati 'lord of the land'). In Indonesia, bupati was originally used as a Javanese title for regional rulers in precolonial kingdoms, its first recorded usage being in the Telaga Batu inscription , which dates to the Srivijaya period, in which bhupati

320-544: Is the capital of the regency. The regency includes the middle and lower reaches of the Mahakam River , the longest river in East Kalimantan, including its extensive delta. The city of Samarinda is situated on the river, about 48 km (30 miles) from its mouth; it is an administrative enclave within the regency, which thus contains much of the metropolitan area of Samarinda. In 2019, President Joko Widodo proclaimed that

352-494: Is the young parts of leaves, feeding less frequently on seeds and whole fruits, and occasionally on flowers. Feeding patterns vary seasonally. As the fruit season peaks during June to September, there is an increase of fruit being produced. During this time of abundance, Maroon leaf monkeys feed on large amounts of seeds and fruits. Consumption of young leaves happens primarily from October to June; especially in June. During this dry time of

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384-595: The new national capital of Indonesia would be built in an area partly in the Kutai Kartanegara Regency and partly in the adjacent Penajam North Paser Regency and that the construction process would set off around 2024. Kutai Kartanegara Regency lies in the historical region of Kutai , home to the first and oldest Hindu kingdom of Indonesia , the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom founded in the 4th century CE by King Kudungga . From 1953 until 1960,

416-563: The Dutch government (or, for a long time, with the Dutch East India Company ) under a Governor General in Batavia on Java, the regents held higher protocollary rank than the assistant-resident who supposedly advised them and held day-to-day sway over the population. After the independence of Indonesia in 1945, the terms bupati and kabupaten were applied throughout the archipelago to

448-502: The administrative fragmentation has proved costly and has not brought the hoped-for benefits. Senior levels of the administration expressed a general feeling that the process of pemekaran needed to be slowed (or even stopped for the time being), although local politicians at various levels across government in Indonesia continue to express strong populist support for the continued creation of new regencies. Indeed, no further regencies or independent cities have been created since 2014, with

480-520: The administrative unit below the residency ( karesidenan ). In the Telaga Batu inscription, which was found in the village near Palembang and contains a worship of the king of Srivijaya, there may be the word bhupati . The inscription is estimated to be from the end of the 7th century AD, Indonesia inscription expert Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis translated bhupati with the term head ( hoofd in Dutch),

512-528: The extensive area, relatively moderate levels of population density, effective planning in the area, and rich energy resources. Regency (Indonesia) The English name "regency" comes from the Dutch colonial period , when regencies were ruled by bupati (or regents ) and were known as regentschap in Dutch ( kabupaten in Javanese and subsequently Indonesian). Bupati had been regional lords under

544-474: The extensive delta of the Mahakam River. (l) except the desa of Sidomulyo, which has a postcode of 76131. (m) including 6 offshore islands. Bukit Bangkirai ( Bangkirai Hill ) is a 1,500-hectare natural tropical located about 58 kilometres (around 45 minutes by car) from the city of Balikpapan . Plants of the family Dipterocarpaceae dominate in the area, especially Bangkirai trees ( Shorea laevis of

576-417: The figures for Kota Bangun District, from which it was split off in 2021. (h) including the offshore island of Pulau Kumala . (i) comprising 12 urban kelurahan (Baru, Bukit Biru, Jahab, Loa Ipuh, Loa Ipuh Darat, Loa Tebu, Maluhu, Mangkurawang, Melayu, Panji, Sukarame and Timbau) and 2 rural desa . (j) including the offshore island of Pulau Yupa . (k) including 32 offshore islands, and mainly comprising

608-488: The figures for the districts from which they were removed. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of villages in each district (totaling 44 urban kelurahan and 193 rural desa ), and its postcode(s). Notes: (a) Samboja District comprising 10 urban kelurahan (Handil Baru, Handil Baru Darat, Kampung Lama, Muara Sembilang, Samboja Kuala, Sanipah, Sungai Seluang, Tanjung Harapan, Teluk Pemedas and Wonotirto) and 3 rural desa ;

640-417: The genus Shorea ) growing to 40–50 metres in height. There are over 120 bird species as well as gibbons ( Müller's Bornean gibbon ), macaque monkeys ( Southern pig-tailed macaques , Crab-eating macaques ), Maroon leaf monkeys , Banded pigs , and Banggai crows . Black Orchids ( Coelogyne pandurata ), among 45 kinds of orchids, are endemic to Bukit Bangkirai. To visit the forest, visitors can walk along

672-657: The last being Central Buton , South Buton , and West Muna regencies in Southeast Sulawesi, all created on 23 July. However, a paper on fiscal decentralization and regional income inequality in 2019 argued that that fiscal decentralization reduces regional income inequality. Since 1998, a large portion of governance have been delegated from central government in Jakarta to local regencies, with regencies now playing important role in providing services to Indonesian people. Direct elections for regents and mayors began in 2005, with

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704-767: The leaders previously being elected by local legislative councils. As of 2020, there are 416 regencies in Indonesia, and 98 cities. 120 of these are in Sumatra , 85 are in Java , 37 are in Nusa Tenggara , 47 are in Kalimantan , 70 are in Sulawesi , 17 are in Maluku , and 40 in Papua . Maroon leaf monkey The maroon langur , maroon leaf monkey , or red leaf monkey ( Presbytis rubicunda )

736-474: The minerals needed for a balanced diet. The termite mound soil has high levels of calcium and magnesium and is also a source of potassium and phosphorus. This soil is very acidic and has a dominant exchange of cations , due to the leaching of aluminium. This may be due to the termite's saliva, since termite soil has a higher nutrient content than the surrounding bed soil. Because maroon leaf monkeys are from Southeast Asia, they must endure scarcity of fruit due to

768-652: The new Samboja Barat District comprises 9 urban kelurahan (Amborawang Darat, Amborawang Laut, Argosari, Bukit Merdeka, Karya Merdeka, Margomulyo, Salok Api Darat, Salok Api Laut and Sungai Merdaka) and 1 rural desa . (b) included in the figures for Samboja District, from which it was split off in 2021. (c) including 14 offshore islands. (d) all 8 are kelurahan (Dondang, Muara Jawa Pesisir, Muara Jawa Ilir, Muara Jawa Tengah, Muara Jawa Ulu, Muara Kembang, Tama Pole and Teluk Dalam). (e) all 5 are kelurahan (Jawa, Pendingin, Sanga-Sanga Dalam, Sanga-Sanga Muara and Sarijaya). (f) including one offshore island. (g) included in

800-455: The next day and lasted until 1905. Officially, Indonesia's current regencies were established with the proclamation of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945. Regencies in Java territorial units were grouped together into residencies headed by exclusively European residents. This term hinted that the residents had a quasi-diplomatic status in relation to the bupati (and indeed they had such

832-448: The precolonial monarchies of Java . When the Dutch abolished or curtailed those monarchies, the bupati were left as the most senior indigenous authority. They were not, strictly speaking, "native rulers" because the Dutch claimed full sovereignty over their territory, but in practice, they had many of the attributes of petty kings, including elaborate regalia and palaces and a high degree of impunity. The Indonesian title of bupati

864-564: The region became part of the Special Region of Kutai . Kutai Kartanegara Regency is divided into twenty districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid-2023. The newly formed Kota Bangun Darat and West Samboja districts were split from Kota Bangun and Samboja districts respectively on 5 March 2021, but no separate figures are yet available for their areas, which are still included in

896-422: The surge of support for decentralisation across Indonesia which occurred following the fall of Soeharto in 1998, key new decentralisation laws were passed in 1999. Subsequently, there was a jump in the number of regencies (and cities) from around 300 at the end of 1998 to 514 in 2014 sixteen years later. This secession of new regencies, welcome at first, has become increasingly controversial within Indonesia because

928-479: The unpredictable fruiting season. They spend around half their time eating leafy greens and the other half eating seeds and fruits. They favor the highly digestible leaves, which have a relatively low level of fiber. They combine young leaves with flowers that have high levels of protein. Fruits and seeds have a high concentration of fats and carbohydrates. Maroon leaf monkeys only eat from rare trees and lianas. They must rely on fallback resources when their usual food

960-686: The word bhupati is also found in the Ligor inscription , which was found in the Nakhon Si Thammarat province of Thailand . In the 17th century, Europeans called the area Ligor . this inscription was identified in 775 AD 7th century AD, the term bhupati was used to refer to the king of Srivijaya Hujunglangit in the 9th century AD Since the start of the Reform Era in 1998 a remarkable secession of regency governments has arisen in Indonesia. The process has become known as pemekaran (division). Following

992-438: The year, they consume more succulent foliage and are decrease their intake of seeds. Flowers are mostly consumed between March and May. There is only one type of flower that becomes a high-demand resource during December. Food becomes scarce during the rainy season, and at this time of year maroon leaf monkeys feed on mature leaves. During April, June, and August, maroon leaf monkeys consume the topsoil of termite mounds to obtain

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1024-528: Was announced that part of Kutai Kartanegara Regency had been selected to be a trial ' smart city ', the first in Indonesia, based on the Fujisawa Sustainable Smart Town (SST) concept. The aim of the SST concept was to reduce CO 2 emissions by 70 percent and reduce consumption of water by 30 percent. The Kutai Kartanegara area was chosen as a trial area because of good investment growth in the region,

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