Misplaced Pages

#395604

37-644: Kurunegala District is bounded by six districts, to the north the Anuradhapura District , the east by the Matale and Kandy Districts , south by the Gampaha and Kegalle Districts and to the west by the Puttalam District . Kurunegala consists of four ancient kingdoms namely Panduwasnuwara , Kurunegala , Yapahuwa and Dambadeniya . Kurunegala District has 7.3% of the country's total population. According to

74-524: A tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification . The city's climate is tropical and hot all throughout the year. The surrounding rocks play a major role in determining Kurunegala's weather since these rocks increase and retain the heat of the day. During the month of April the temperature can rise up to about 35 °C (95 °F). The only major change in the Kurunegala weather occurs during

111-583: A non-Muslim or a fellow Muslim in a different region. The Sri Lankan Moors have been strongly shaped by Islamic culture, with many customs and practices according to Islamic law. While preserving many of their ancestral South Asian customs, the Moors have over time adopted several Arabic-Islamic practices. The Moors practice several customs and beliefs which they closely share with the Arab , Sri Lankan Tamils , and Sinhalese People . Tamil and Sinhala customs such as wearing

148-492: A significant distance from Indian Tamils. The Nei genetic distance for Sinhalese and Moors is 0.0123, SL Tamil and Moors is 0.0233 while Indian Tamil and Moors 0.0293. The study was carried on the X-STRs DXS10148, DXS10135, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS10079, DXS10074, DXS10075, DXS6801, DXS6809, DXS6789, DXS7424, DXS101, DXS7133, DXS9902, HPRTB and DXS7423. Sri Lankan Moor Population and Percentage Depending on where they live in

185-499: Is an extension of the Tamil tradition. The Sri Lankan Moors along with Mukkuvar dominated once in medieval era the pearl trade in Sri Lanka . Alliances and intermarriages between both communities were observed in this period. They held close contact with other Muslims of Southern India through coastal trade. The Moors had their own court of justice for settling their disputes. Upon

222-663: Is found in the Southern, Western, and Central provinces with some variations and other linguistic features within it. As an example, Muslims in the Western province, especially in Colombo tend to code-mix their speech with Tamil and English terms. On the other hand, NEMT is found in Northern and Eastern provinces. One phonological variation between these two sub-dialects is that SMT replaces the Tamil sound /sa/ with /sha/. Another phonological variation

259-532: Is not the majority language. The Tamil dialect spoken by Muslims in Sri Lanka is identified as Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil (SLMT). It is a social dialect of Sri Lankan Tamil that falls under the larger category of the colloquial variety of Tamil. SLMT has distinct phonological , morphological and lexical differences in comparison to other varieties of SLT since it is influenced by the Arabic language. Due to this, we can see

296-516: Is that SMT uses voiced plosives such as /b, d, j, g/ whereas NEMT uses voiceless plosives such as /v, p, t, c, k/ instead of them. Another symbolic representation of the Southern variety is the shortening of Tamil verbs. As an example, the verb ‘to come’ known as ‘varukhudu’ in SLT/NEMT would be shortened and pronounced as ‘varudu.’ Furthermore, the Moors like their counterparts in Tamil Nadu , use

333-732: Is the main and the most widely practised religion in Kurunegala. The district is also home to a wide range of other religious faiths and sects including Islam , Christianity and Hinduism . Churches, mosques and Hindu temples are also located in the district. The Church of Ceylon , which is the Anglican Church in Sri Lanka operates a diocese in Kurunegala covering the North-Central province and Kurunegala, Kandy , Matale and Kegalle , Anuradapura , Polonnaruwa districts. The district has six Educational Zones, 869 Schools including 28 National Schools, and 20,006 Teachers. Kurunegala features

370-728: The Arwi which is a written register of the Tamil language with the use of the Arabic alphabet. The Arwi alphabet is unique to the Muslims of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka, hinting at erstwhile close relations between the Tamil Muslims across the two territories. However, SLMT is only a spoken variety that is limited to the domestic sphere of the community members and is something shared with the Marrakar community of Tamil Nadu. In addition, they frequently tend to code-switch and code-mix when they communicate with

407-796: The Muslims from the Northern Province was an act of ethnic cleansing carried out by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in October 1990. In Northern Sri Lanka, the LTTE forcibly expelled the Muslim population from the Northern Province at gunpoint and confiscated their properties. Yogi, the LTTE's political spokesman, claimed that this expulsion was carried out in retaliation for atrocities committed against

SECTION 10

#1732855287396

444-629: The Tamils in the Eastern Province by Muslims, who were seen by the LTTE as collaborators of the Sri Lankan Army . Sri Lanka's Muslims still hold a bitter grudge for their forced expulsion from the North by the LTTE. In 2002, LTTE leader Vellupillai Prabhakaran formally apologized for the expulsion of the Muslims from the North. There has been a stream of Muslims travelling in and out of Jaffna since

481-504: The Thaali or eating Kiribath were widely prevalent among the Moors. Arab customs such as congregational eating using a large shared plate called the 'sahn' and wearing of the North African fez during marriage ceremonies feed to the view that Moors are of mixed Sinhalese, Tamil, and Arab heritage. The late 19th century saw the phase of Islamization of Sri Lankan Moors, primarily under

518-475: The cophenetic correlation was 0.8956 which indicates Sinhalese & Tamil as native population. Also, he reflected on the genetic distance among five populations of Sri Lanka as per given below eigenvector plot of the R-matrix . Burgher Malay Moor Tamil Sinhalese According to a study published in 2021 using 16 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat markers (STRs) conducted on 838 unrelated individuals from

555-535: The separatist Tamil militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The LTTE attempted to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in northeast Sri Lanka. Since 1888, under the initiative of Ponnambalam Ramanathan , the Sri Lankan Tamils launched a campaign to classify Tamil-speaking Sri Lankan Moors as Tamils , primarily to bolster their population numbers for the impending transition to democratic rule in Sri Lanka . Their view holds that

592-522: The 9th century, and who intermarried with local Tamil and Sinhala women. Recent genetic studies, however, have suggested a predominant Indian origin for Moors compared to the Arab origin speculated by some. Perera et al. (2021) in their genetic analysis of the Moors stated the following in their report: " In contrast, Sri Lankan Moors have descended exclusively from Muslim male merchants of either Arabic or of Indian origin, who came to Sri Lanka for trading. During

629-409: The Moors. Sri Lanka being a predominately agricultural economy, International trade was underdeveloped during the medieval period. The arrival and settlement of Arab-Muslim merchants on the island's coastal regions initiated overseas trade and helped unlock the country's economic potential. The Sri Lankan Civil War was a 26-year conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka between the government and

666-625: The Sonakar. Many Sri Lankan Moors are Marakkars , and share the same history with Tamil Nadu Marakkars in particular, and Marakkars from Kerala. This can be seen from the large number of prominent Sri Lankan Moors who hold the surname of Marikkar (and its variations) and through the extremely strong linguistic and cultural similarities held by these communities. It is said there has been a strong relationship between Marakkar communities through endogamous marriages . The similarities have been described as "enormous" by M. M. M. Mahroof. Some scholars hold

703-621: The Sri Lankan Moors were mainly Tamil converts to Islam . According to some Tamil nationalists , the concept of Arab descent amongst the Tamil-speaking Moors was invented just to keep the community separate from the Tamils, and this 'separate identity' intended to check the latter's demand for the separate state of Tamil Eelam and to flare up hostilities between the two groups in the broader Tamil–Sinhalese conflict . The expulsion of

740-581: The arrival of the Portuguese colonisers in the 16th century, a large population of Moors was expelled from cities such as the capital city Colombo , which had been a Moor-dominated city at that time. The Moors migrated to the eastern part of the island, and settled there through the invitation of the Kingdom of Kandy . Robert Knox , a British sea captain of the 17th century, noted that the Kings of Kandy built mosques for

777-663: The arrival of the Portuguese colonists. The term "Moor" was chosen because of the Islamic faith of these people and was not a reflection of their origin. The Tamil term Sonakar along with the Sinhala term Yonaka , has been thought to have been derived from the term Yona , a term originally applied to Greeks, but sometimes also Arabs and other West Asians. Historically, all Tamil speaking Muslim communities in India and Sri Lanka were known as

SECTION 20

#1732855287396

814-782: The census data, the estimated population of Kurunegala in the year 2001 was 1.4 million. The majority of the district's population belong to the Sinhalese majority. Other ethnic minorities include the Sri Lankan Moors, Sri Lankan Tamils, Burghers and Malays. Residents from ethnic minorities live in all parts of the District. The following Table summarizes the population of Kurunegala according to their ethnicity: The common languages of Kurunegala, depending on social classes, social circles, and ethnic backgrounds are Sinhalese, Tamil and English . Religion in Kurunegala District (2011) Buddhism

851-509: The country are also different when compared with the SLT terms, but are shared with Tamil Muslims of Tamil Nadu . The following are some terms that show the difference between SLMT and most varieties of SLT/Tamil. Interestingly, one can also notice ethno-regional variations in SLMT and categorise them into two major sub-dialects such as North-Eastern Muslim Tamil (NEMT) and Southern Muslim Tamil (SMT). SMT

888-658: The country's total population. Most of them are native speakers of the Tamil language. The majority of Moors who are not native to the North and East also speak Sinhalese as a second language. They are predominantly followers of Islam . The Sri Lankan Muslim community is mostly divided between Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Moors , Sri Lankan Malays and Sri Lankan Bohras . These groups are differentiated by lineage, language, history, culture and traditions. The Sri Lankan Moors are of diverse origins with some tracing their ancestry to Arab traders who first settled in Sri Lanka around

925-417: The country, they may also additionally speak Tamil , Sinhala and or English . According to the 2012 Census 58.7% or 862,397 Sri Lankan Moors also spoke Sinhala and 30.4% or 446,146 Sri Lankan Moors also spoke English. Moorish Tamil bears the influence of Arabic. The vast majority of Sri Lankan Muslims speak Tamil as their mother tongue. Religious sermons are delivered in Tamil even in regions where Tamil

962-481: The dominant one.' Historian Patrick Peebles states by the end of the 19th century Sri Lankan Muslims comprised about 6–7 percent of the population, and that "the majority of Muslims were of South Indian origin and spoke Tamil." Another view suggests that the Arab traders, however, adopted the Sinhalese and Tamil languages only after settling in Sri Lanka. The cultural practices of the Moors also vary significantly from

999-473: The end of the war. Some families have returned and the re-opened Osmania College , a public school in Jaffna which was once a prominent educational institution for the city's Muslim community. According to a Jaffna Muslim source, there is a floating population of about 2,000 Muslims in Jaffna. Around 1,500 are Jaffna Muslims, while the rest are Muslims from outside of Jaffna. About 10 Muslim shops are functioning and

1036-638: The examples. Anuradhapura District Anuradhapura ( Sinhala : අනුරාධපුර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය anūrādhapūra distrikkaya ; Tamil : அனுராதபுரம் மாவட்டம் Aṉurātapuram māvaṭṭam ) is a district in North Central Province , Sri Lanka . Its area is 7,179 km². Religion in Anuradhapura District (2011) The population according to the 2001 census is 745,693, of whom 90.7% were Sinhalese , 8.3% Sri Lankan Moors , 0.7% native Sri Lankan Tamils and 0.1% Tamils of Indian origin . 90.0% of

1073-421: The four major ethnicities, there is a sex biased demographic history among Sri Lankan ethnicities. According to analysis of molecular variance , Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils and Moors are highly panmictic but Indian Tamils had statistically significant genetic subdivision from both Sinhalese and Moors. According to the genetic distance calculated the Moors were closest to Sinhalese and then Sri Lankan Tamil with

1110-581: The fourteenth century, they started to settle in coastal areas in Sri Lanka and espoused local women, who were either Sinhalese or Sri Lankan Tamil ". The concentration of Moors is the highest in the Ampara , Trincomalee and Batticaloa districts. The Portuguese called the Muslims in India and Sri Lanka Mouros , after the Muslim Moors known to them in Iberia . The word Moors did not exist in Sri Lanka before

1147-405: The monsoons from May to August and October to January, this is the time of year where heavy rains can be expected. While the city does experience a noticeably drier weather during January and February, it does not qualify as a true dry season as average precipitation in both months are above 60 millimetres (2 in). In general, temperatures from late November to mid February period are lower than

Kurunegala District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-534: The numbers are slowly growing. Genetic studies undertaken in the year 2021 by University of Colombo and Genetech Molecular Diagnostics led by Dr Gayani Galhena, made the following observation in paragraph 6, in the faculty of science web publication based on the latest X chromosome fingerprint analysis: "Sinhalese and Moors are genetically closer to each other compared to Sinhalese and Sri Lankan Tamils" Dr Sarabjit Mastanain found in 1996 based on genetic analysis of human blood group systems from 508 individuals that

1221-537: The other communities on the island, but share much in common with the Tamil Muslims of Tamil Nadu . This view is dominantly held by the Sinhalese-favouring section of the Moors, as well as the Sri Lankan government , which lists the Moors as a separate ethnic community. Although the caste system is not observed by the Moors as it is by the other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, their kudi system (matriclan system)

1258-538: The population are Buddhists , 8.4% Muslim , 1.1% Christian and 0.5% Hindu . Divisional secretariats constitute the next administrative division down from district . Sri Lankan Moors Sri Lankan Moors ( Tamil : இலங்கைச் சோனகர் , romanized:  Ilaṅkaic Cōṉakar ; Arwi : اَیلَࢳَیچْ چٗونَكَرْ ‎; Sinhala : ලංකා යෝනක , romanized:  Lanka Yonaka ; formerly Ceylon Moors ; colloquially referred to as Sri Lankan Muslims ) are an ethnic minority group in Sri Lanka , comprising 9.3% of

1295-740: The rest of the year. Middle rainfall of this District is 900 - 2200 ml. North East Monsoon and South West Monsoon are the main rainfall method in this district. South West Monsoon is the largest rainfall system. The average annual rainfall in Kurunegala is about 2,000 millimetres (79 in). Considering water supply system of the district it consists of four canals bounded on the North by Kala oya, Central by Meeoya and Deduru oya, South by Ma oya. There are many Large Scale and Small Irrigation Systems that has been implemented based on these canals. These are Rajanganaya, Usgala, Siyambalangamuwa, Hakwatunawa, Kimbulwana Oya, Bathalagoda, Magalla, Palukadawala, Atharagalla, Mediyawa, Wennoruwa and Ambakolawewa are some of

1332-450: The use of several Persian-Arabic loan words in SLMT vocabulary. This distinctiveness between SLMT and other spoken varieties of SLT brings out the different religious and cultural identities of the Tamil speaking ethnic groups. As an example, the SLT term for the corpse is ‘caavu’ but the SLMT uses the Arabic term ‘mayyatu’. Another example is the verb ‘pray’ which is ‘vanaku’ in SLT and ‘tholu’ in SLMT. The kinship terms used by Muslims in

1369-578: The view that the Sri Lankan Moors in general are descended from the Marakkar, Mappilas , Memons , Lebbes , Rowthers and Pathans of South India . Sri Lankan Moor scholar Dr. Ameer Ali in his summary of the origin history of Sri Lankan Moors states the following: 'In actual fact, the Muslims of Sri Lanka are a mixture of Arab , Persian , Dravidian and Malay blood of which the Dravidian element, because of centuries of heavy Indian injection has remained

#395604