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20-608: The expressway will be approximately 1,900 km (1,200 mi) in length when complete; about 730 km (450 mi) was completed from Kunming via Xiaomenyang to Jinghong ) and crossing the Lao border at Mohan, all in Yunnan, by 2017 and the next 250 km (160 mi) of the Highway, south of China within Laos follows Route 13 then Route 3 . It was jointly funded by China, Laos, Thailand and

40-620: A cautious response of diplomacy and Tau Se Da Xam withdrew his troops. About this period Sipsongpanna began to pay tribute to the Ming. In 1405 the Sipsongpanna Tai attacked Chiang Mai, in conjunction with Ming Chinese troops. In 1421 the Chinese attempted to cause a split in Sipsongpanna by backing multiple administrations during a period of civil strife, but their plan failed to succeed. 1448 saw

60-618: A degree south of the Tropic of Cancer , Pu'er, as with much of southern Yunnan, has a warm humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ), with muddled distinction between the seasons and daytime temperatures remaining warm year-round. Highs peak in April and May before the core of the rainy season and reach a minimum in December; however, the warmest and coolest months are June and January, respectively at 23.0 °C (73.4 °F) and 13.7 °C (56.7 °F);

80-646: Is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture , in the far south of China 's Yunnan province, and the historic capital of the former Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna . The town was founded as Chiang Hung (Cheli), by Tai king Phanya Coeng in 1180. During the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China, the Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna began a close and long-lasting relationship to Lanna , another historic Tai kingdom that lay south. In 1296, Lanna's capital Chiang Mai

100-478: Is limited to the south by Hengduan Mountains , and the Lancang River (Mekong) passes through Jinghong. Two bridges near the city span this river, which flows south-east towards Laos . Climatically, Jinghong has a humid subtropical climate , bordering on a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Cwa bordering Aw , respectively). The city has a generally humid climate with strong monsoonal influences. Summer

120-406: Is long and there is virtually no "winter" as such; instead, there is a dry season (December thru April) and wet season (May thru October). Annual sunshine hours amount to between 1800 and 2300 and annual rainfall ranging from 1,100 to 1,700 millimetres (43 to 67 in). The coolest month is December, averaging 18.4 °C (65.1 °F), while the warmest is June, at 27.1 °C (80.8 °F);

140-1324: The Asian Development Bank . It traverses jungle and highlands in southern Yunnan and Northern Laos before entering Thailand at Chiang Khong. It then continues southward, largely following Thai Route 1 , which becomes an Expressway standard road near Bangkok but which is largely an at-grade dual carriageway along most of its length within Thailand . Within Laos, as of May 2019 the road is an undivided two lane highway. Some distances on existing roads if expressway distances unavailable Expressways also planned or under construction: Kunming to Mandalay ( Burma ) and Kunming to Hanoi ( Vietnam ). Expressway completed between Vang Vieng and Vientiane in 2020 . Jinghong Jinghong ( Chinese : 景 洪 ; pinyin : Jǐnghóng ; Tai Lü : ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦳᧂᧈ ᦉᦹᧈ ; Thai : เชียงรุ่ง , RTGS :  Chiang Rung , pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rûŋ] ; Northern Thai : เจียงฮุ่ง , pronounced [tɕīaŋ hûŋ] ; Lao : ຊຽງຮຸ່ງ , pronounced [síaŋ hūŋ] ; also formerly romanised as Chiang Hung , Chengrung , Cheng Hung , Jeng Hung, Jinghung , Keng Hung , Kiang Hung and Muangjinghung )

160-537: The Sixth National Census in 2010, the city’s Permanent Population ( hukou ) was 2,542,898. Compared with the Fifth National Census , the ten-year increase was 147,650, an increase of 6.16%. The average annual increase of 14,765 people, the average annual growth rate of 0.59%. Among them, there are 1,339,502 males, accounting for 52.68% of the total population; 1,203,396 females, accounting for 47.32% of

180-401: The 1530s to crush Chiang Mai, and its influence also extended to Kengtung and Sipsongpanna, which like other Tai kingdoms soon began to pay tribute. Jinghong has a latitude range of 21°27'–22°36' N and a longitude range of 100°25'–101°31' E. It borders Pu'er City to the north, Mengla County to the east and Menghai County to the west, as well as Burma 's Shan State to the south. The city

200-545: The annual mean is 19.3 °C (66.7 °F). June through September accounts for nearly 70% of the annual rainfall of 1,442 mm (56.8 in) and during this time, some rainfall occurs on most days, pushing relative humidity above 80% and there is a marked reduction in sunshine. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 27% in July to 69% in February, the city receives 2,206 hours of bright sunshine annually. According to

220-490: The annual mean is 23.7 °C (74.7 °F). However, high temperatures reach their peak in April before the onset of the monsoon from the Indian Ocean. Jinghong City has 1 subdistrict, 5 towns, 3 townships and 2 ethnic townships. The Dai Water Splashing Festival and nearby villages of that and other ethnic groups are the main attractions. Additionally, at least three botanical parks and gardens are located in or near

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240-517: The area. The price of Pu'er has since recovered and Pu'er tea , a type of dark tea , still contributes much to the income of the area. Nanzhao set a division called Bu'ri Jian ( 步日瞼 ) in 839 AD; this was the first time the region was integrated into the administrative system of a Chinese dynasty. In the Yuan dynasty , the central government changed the name to Pu'ri ( 普日 ) in 1278. Finally in Ming dynasty ,

260-407: The city, of which Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden is the largest and most famous one. . Pu%27er City Pu'er is a prefecture-level city in southern Yunnan Province , China. The urban administrative center of Pu'er is Simao District , which is also the former name of the prefecture-level city itself. A major downturn in the price of tea in 2007 caused severe economic distress in

280-452: The defeat of Mong Mao , a Tai state in eastern Burma, by a combination of Chinese, Sipsongpanna and allied forces united under the Ming. In the 1450s another struggle for succession arose in Sipsongpanna, with one faction backed by Kengtung and one by Chiang Mai. Despite the Kengtung faction's victory, conflict started with that state shortly afterwards. The Burmese Toungoo state arose in

300-518: The distribution centre of the tea produced in the south-west of Yunnan during the Ming and Qing dynasty . Pu'er tea became world-famous, and the city Pu'er also became famous as a result of the tea. Its name was changed to Simao in 1950 following the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War , while its surrounding county was known as Pu'er. In 2007, the town's name was changed back to Pu'er;

320-507: The name was changed to "Pu'er" ( 普耳 ) in 1384. The character of "er" ( 耳 ) was changed to 洱 in Wanli Emperor period. The name "普洱" (Pu'er) has continued to be used to this day. Wa scholar Ni-ga states that the original name "Bu'ri" is the exonym of Blang people in Baraoke language, a dialect of Wa language , which means "my brother". Pu'er tea has the name "Pu'er" because Pu'er was

340-554: The northeast, Honghe to the east, Xishuangbanna to the south, Lincang to the northwest, and Dali and Chuxiong . It also shares borders with Vietnam ( Điện Biên Province ), Laos ( Phongsaly Province ), and Burma ( Shan State ), being the only prefecture in Yunnan to border all three countries. As with much of the province, mountainous terrain dominates its administrative area, covering 98.3%. Elevations range from 376 to 3,306 metres (1,234 to 10,846 ft). Located at an altitude of above 1,300 m (4,300 ft) and within

360-501: The surrounding area became known as Ning'er County ; and the name Simao was taken by a town and district within the city. The change had an effect on the size of the official Pu'er tea production area, a major regional product. Pu'er is located in southern/southwestern Yunnan, on the lower reaches of the Mekong (known in Chinese as the Lancang), with the bordering prefectures being Yuxi to

380-413: The total population. The sex ratio of the total population (female is 100) is 111.31. The population aged 0-14 is 456,130, accounting for 17.94%; the population aged 15-64 is 1,902,145, accounting for 74.80%; the population aged 65 and over is 184,623, accounting for 7.26%. The population living in cities and towns was 788,298, accounting for 31.0% of the total population; the population living in rural areas

400-449: Was founded by Mangrai , whose maternal grandfather was King Rung Kaen Chai ( Thai : รุ่งแก่นชาย ) of Jinghong (i.e.: Sipsongpanna). The kingdoms of Sipsongpanna and Lanna maintained ties through migration and intermarriage. In 1401, the Sipsongpanna Tai ruler Tau Se Da Xam (pinyin: Dao Xianda) attacked a smaller Tai area to the north unknown as Weiyuan equivalent to modern Jinggu). The Ming administration sought to retaliate but adopted

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