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34-480: The castle is located on the site of a former Romanesque castle, first mentioned in 1279. The castle was founded not later than in the mid-13th century. In 1427–1464 it was the property of King George of Poděbrady . In the mid-16th century and second half of the 17th century, it was rebuilt to its current form. The castle has preserved late Romanesque palace and is one of the oldest aristocratic castles in Moravia . After

68-472: A military decision. He gradually raised an armed force in north-eastern Bohemia, where the Hussites were strong and where his ancestral Litice Castle was situated. In 1448, he marched this army, about 9000 strong, from Kutná Hora to Prague , and obtained possession of the capital almost without resistance. Civil war broke out, but George succeeded in defeating the nobles who remained faithful to Rome. In 1451

102-506: A new period of prosperity. Along with the rest of Bohemia, Kuttenberg (Kutná Hora) passed to the Habsburg monarchy of Austria in 1526. In 1546, the richest mine was severely flooded. In the insurrection of Bohemia against Ferdinand I the town lost all its privileges. Repeated visitations of the plague and the horrors of the Thirty Years' War completed its ruin. Half-hearted attempts after

136-460: A prominent member of the Hussite party after the death of Hynce Ptáček of Pirkstein , its leader. King Albert was succeeded by his posthumously born son Ladislaus , during whose reign Bohemia sharply divided into two parties: the party faithful to Rome, led by powerful "viceroy" Oldřich II of Rosenberg , and the Hussite party, led by George. After various attempts at reconciliation, George sought

170-532: A tour of European courts with a draft treaty of the message of peace to promote the idea. George hoped that the treaty would come into effect in 1464. It is seen as one of historical propsals of European unity foreshadowing the European Union . That did not happen. All George's endeavours to establish peace with Rome proved ineffectual, but Pius II's plan of a crusade against Bohemia remained unexecuted. After Pius' death in 1464, George attempted to negotiate with

204-480: Is a smelting furnace with 10 kg of slag from the 2nd–1st century BC with traces of pyrrhotine , chalcopyrite , sphalerite and copper , which also testify to early underground mining in the Kaňk hill. The earliest traces of silver have been found dating back to the 10th century, when Bohemia already had been in the crossroads of long-distance trade for many centuries. Silver dinars have been discovered belonging to

238-634: Is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 22,000 inhabitants. The centre of Kutná Hora, including the Sedlec Abbey and its ossuary , was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 because of its outstanding architecture and its influence on subsequent architectural developments in other Central European city centres. Since 1961, the town centre is also protected by law as an urban monument reservation ,

272-573: Is now seen as an early historical vision of European unity. George was the son of Victor of Kunštát and Poděbrady , a Bohemian nobleman whose ancestors were of Moravian origin, one of the leaders of more moderate faction (called Utraquists ) of the Hussites during the Hussite Wars . George's mother is not known by name and it is likely that George was born out of wedlock; during his life he repeatedly heard ridicule from his enemies about his origin. At

306-629: The Austrian monarchy after the compromise of 1867 . Until 1918, the town was the capital of the district of the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia . Together with the rest of Bohemia, the town became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia after World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary. Sedlec is the site of the Gothic Church of the Assumption of Our Lady and Saint John

340-701: The World War II , the castle became property of the state. Since 2002, it has been a national cultural monument . In 2005, it was opened to the public. 49°30′09″N 16°30′40″E  /  49.5025°N 16.5111°E  / 49.5025; 16.5111 This article about a castle in the Czech Republic is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . George of Pod%C4%9Bbrady George of Kunštát and Poděbrady (23 April 1420 – 22 March 1471), also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad ( Czech : Jiří z Poděbrad ; German : Georg von Podiebrad ),

374-459: The 19th century, in period of the so-called Czech National Revival , he began to be praised (even somewhat idealized) as the last Czech national monarch (in terms of ethnic awareness), a great diplomat and a courageous fighter against the domination of the Catholic Church. In modern times he is remembered mainly for his idea and attempt to establish common European Christian institutions, which

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408-543: The 2nd Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment of the Czechoslovak Legions was formed in Russia and named after King George. In 1440 he married Kunigunde of Sternberg ; they had the following children: After Kunigunde died in 1449, he married Johanna of Rožmitál in 1450, they had the following children: Kutn%C3%A1 Hora Kutná Hora ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈkutnaː ˈɦora] ; German : Kuttenberg )

442-571: The Baptist and the famous Sedlec Ossuary . It is estimated that the ossuary is decorated with bones of more than 40,000 skeletons. Among the most important buildings in the town are the Gothic , five-naved St. Barbara's Church , begun in 1388, and the Italian Court , formerly a royal residence and mint, which was built at the end of the 13th century. The Gothic Stone House, which since 1902 has served as

476-593: The Bohemian crown from their oaths of allegiance to George. Emperor Frederick III and Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus , George's former ally, joined the insurgent Bohemian nobles, starting the Bohemian War . Matthias conquered a large part of Moravia , and was crowned by the papal party in the Moravian ecclesiastical metropolis Olomouc as king of Bohemia on 3 May 1469. George was successful against Matthias but, contrary to

510-567: The Czech words kutit ('to work') or kutat ('to mine'), but the Czech origin of the name is less likely. Kutná Hora is located about 52 kilometres (32 mi) east of Prague . The eastern part of the municipal territory lies in a flat agricultural landscape of the Central Elbe Table lowland. The western part lies in the Upper Sázava Hills and includes the highest point of Kutná Hora,

544-527: The Emperor Frederick III , as guardian of the young king Ladislaus, entrusted Poděbrad with the administration of Bohemia. In the same year a diet assembled at Prague also confirmed the regency on George. The struggle of the Hussites against the papal party continued uninterruptedly, and the position of George became a very difficult one when the young king Ladislaus, who was crowned in 1453, expressed his pro-Roman sympathies, though he had recognized

578-507: The Papal See by punishing the more extreme Hussites ( Taborites ) or members of then newly founded Unitas Fratrum church. George attempted to secure peace with Rome by a radical suggestion, which some consider to have been a proposal before its time of a European Union. He proposed a treaty among all Christian powers, with Hungary , Poland , Bohemia, Bavaria , Brandenburg , Saxony , France , Burgundy and Italian states and its princes

612-554: The age of fourteen, George himself took part in the Battle of Lipany (1434), which marked the downfall of more radical Hussite factions ( Taborites and Orebites ) and the end of revolutionary phase of the Hussite movement. By that time he was already orphaned, as his father had died in 1427. Early in life, as one of the leaders of the Hussite party, he defeated Austrian troops of King Albert II , who had succeeded King Sigismund as King of Bohemia, Germany and Hungary . George soon became

646-445: The compacts and the ancient privileges of Bohemia. In 1457 King Ladislaus died suddenly and some voices accused George of having poisoned him. However, research in 1985 proved acute leukemia as the cause of death. On 2 March 1458 the estates of Bohemia unanimously chose George as king. Even the adherents of the papal party voted for him, some in honour of his moderate policies, some out of deference to popular feeling, which opposed

680-526: The election of a foreign ruler. George attempted to rule in a moderate manner based on the Compacta of Prague . He won the loyalty of some Catholics, but had to contend with the opposition of Pope Pius II , which proved one of the most serious obstacles to his rule. Pius declared the Compacta null and void in 1462 and wished George to consent to this. George rejected this demand but endeavoured to curry favour with

714-569: The founding members, but others, especially the Hispanic powers, joining later. The member states would pledge to settle all differences by exclusively peaceful means. There was to be a common parliament and other common institutions. George couched the proposal in Christian terms ("Europe" is not explicitly mentioned) as a way to stop the "abominable Turk ", who had conquered Constantinople in 1453. He sent his brother-in-law Jaroslav Lev of Rožmitál on

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748-515: The fourth largest in the country. The town is made up of twelve administrative areas and villages: The name of the town was derived from the eponymous mountain ( hora = 'mountain'). According to legends, the name of the mountain was derived from the monks' cowls (the Kutten ). It is more likely that it derived from the Middle High German word kutte ('pit'). The name can also be derived from

782-514: The hill Malý Kuklík at 359 m (1,178 ft) above sea level. The Vrchlice Stream flows through the town. Archaeological finds show that the area around the Kaňk hill was populated by Celts during the Hallstatt and La Tène periods. At the Celtic settlement site between Libenice and Kaňk, numerous ceramic finds from the 5th–1st century BC were discovered in 1981. One of the most important finds

816-404: The imprisonment of Wenceslaus IV . It was heavily defended by its residents. After several bloody skirmishes, Sigismund prevailed and forced the defenders to march to Kolín and kneel in subjugation. Although Sigismund was successful in his conquest, his hetman Markvart of Úlice died after being struck by an arrow during the siege on 27 December. The town developed with great rapidity, and at

850-441: The mountain region, which they named Kuttenberg, and which was part of the monastery property. From the 13th to 16th centuries, the town competed with Prague economically, culturally, and politically. Under Abbot Heinrich Heidenreich  [ de ] , the territory greatly advanced due to the silver mines which gained importance during the economic boom of the 13th century. In 1300, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia issued

884-447: The new pope, Paul II , who proved to be an equally determined opponent. George made enemies among the nobles of the papal party, who assembled at Zelená Hora (Grüneberg) on 28 November 1465 to voice their grievances and conclude an alliance against the king. The alliance was from the outset supported by Paul II, who, on 23 December 1466, excommunicated George and pronounced his deposition as king of Bohemia, which released all subjects of

918-399: The new royal mining code Ius regale montanorum  [ cs ] (also known as Constitutiones Iuris Metallici Wenceslai II ). This was a legal document that specified all administrative as well as technical terms and conditions necessary for the operation of mines. Prague groschen were minted between 1300 and 1547/48. In December 1402, the town was sacked by King Sigismund after

952-499: The outbreak of the Hussite Wars in 1419 was the second most important town in Bohemia after Prague , having become the favourite residence of several Bohemian kings. It was here that, on 18 January 1409, Wenceslaus IV signed the famous Decree of Kutná Hora , by which the Czech university nation was given three votes in the elections to the faculty of Prague University as against one for the three other nations. In 1420, Sigismund made

986-568: The peace to repair the ruined mines failed; the town became impoverished, and in 1770 was devastated by fire. The mines were abandoned at the end of the 18th century. In May 1742 during the First Silesian War , a Prussian force under Frederick the Great stopped in the town prior to the Battle of Chotusitz . Bohemia was a crownland of the Austrian Empire in 1806, and remained controlled by

1020-588: The period between 982 and 995 in the settlement of Malín, which is now a part of Kutná Hora. The town began in 1142 with the settlement of Sedlec Abbey , the first Cistercian monastery in Bohemia . The Cistercian order based in the Sedlec Monastery was brought from the Imperial immediate Cistercian Waldsassen Abbey in Bavaria , close to the border with Bohemia. By 1260, German miners began to mine for silver in

1054-649: The son of the Polish king, as his successor to continue the fight against Matthias. The large Jiřího z Poděbrad Square in Prague 3 with the nearby eponymous metro station are named after him. Other squares named after him are in Ostrava , Hořice , Toužim , Řevnice , Kunštát or Nový Knín . In 1896, an equestrian statue of King George, sculpted by Bohuslav Schnirch was erected in Poděbrady . During World War I , early in 1917,

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1088-564: The town the base for his unsuccessful attack on the Taborites during the Hussite Wars, leading to the Battle of Kutná Hora . Kutná Hora was taken by Jan Žižka , and after a temporary reconciliation of the warring parties was burned by the imperial troops in 1422, to prevent its falling again into the hands of the Taborites. Žižka nonetheless took the place, and under Bohemian auspices it awoke to

1122-619: The wishes of his followers, came to an agreement with the Hungarian king in 1470. In the spring of 1471 , however, Jiřík's health deteriorated significantly and he died on the 22nd of March. He was buried in the royal tomb in St. Vitus Cathedral . His heart and entrails were placed in the Church of Our Lady before Týn in the Old Town, next to the grave of John of Rokycany . His followers chose Vladislaus II ,

1156-489: Was the sixteenth King of Bohemia , who ruled in 1458–1471. He was a leader of the Hussites , but moderate and tolerant toward the Catholic faith . His rule was marked by great efforts to preserve peace and tolerance between the Hussites and Catholics in the religiously divided Crown of Bohemia – hence his contemporary nicknames: "King of two peoples" ( Czech : král dvojího lidu ) and "Friend of peace" ( přítel míru ). During

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