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101-503: Krispy Kreme, Inc. (previously Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. ) is an American multinational doughnut company and coffeehouse chain . Krispy Kreme was founded by Vernon Rudolph (1915–1973), who bought a yeast-raised recipe from a New Orleans chef, rented a building in 1937 in what is now historic Old Salem in Winston-Salem, North Carolina , and began selling to local grocery stores. Steady growth preceded an ambitious expansion as

202-477: A Los Angeles Times article dated August 10, 1929 in which Bailey Millard jokingly complains about the decline of spelling, and that he "can't swallow the 'wel-dun donut' nor the ever so 'gud bred'". The interchangeability of the two spellings can be found in a series of "National Donut Week" articles in The New York Times that covered the 1939 World's Fair. In four articles beginning 9 October, two mention

303-529: A public company in the period 2000 to 2016, which ultimately proved unprofitable. In 2016, the company returned to private ownership under JAB Holding Company , a private Luxembourg-based firm. In July 2021, Krispy Kreme became publicly traded again on the Nasdaq . Their name is a sensational spelling of the words "crispy cream". In 1933, eighteen-year-old Vernon Rudolph, along with his brother Lewis Rudolph, began working for his uncle, Ishmael Armstrong, who owned

404-410: A 16% compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Scott Livengood is a former CEO of Krispy Kreme Corporation and was associated with that company for 28 years, beginning in 1977. It was then a privately held company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina . He was named president in 1992. In 1998, he was named chief executive officer , and one year later was elected chairman of the board . Livengood led

505-525: A German investment firm, announced that it made an offer to purchase the company for $ 1.35 billion over the following two months that would make the company privately owned. The transaction closed on July 27, 2016. In December 2017, Krispy Kreme moved its corporate headquarters to Charlotte, North Carolina ; while Winston-Salem retained the majority of operational departments and the Krispy Kreme Support Center. Also in 2010, Krispy Kreme Express,

606-558: A character is quoted as saying, "Pa said he guessed he hadn't got much appetite, and he would just drink a cup of coffee and eat a donut." According to author John T. Edge the alternative spelling "donut" was invented in the 1920s when the New York–based Display Doughnut Machine Corporation abbreviated the word to make it more pronounceable by the foreigners they hoped would buy their automated doughnut making equipment. The donut spelling also showed up in

707-693: A delivery service for businesses, began testing at the Battleground Avenue location in Greensboro, North Carolina . In the early 2010s, the company began developing shops with tunnel ovens, which allow for an all-day "Hot Now" hot doughnut experience. On February 24, 2015, Krispy Kreme opened its 1,000th shop, in Kansas City, Kansas. In 2018, Krispy Kreme acquired bakery chain Insomnia Cookies , which continues to operate independently. On August 25, 2020,

808-433: A doughnut is a delicious thing." In response to the criticisms, Krispy Kreme said, "Like many sweet treats, Krispy Kreme Doughnuts are an occasional indulgence best enjoyed in moderation. And we know that's how most of our guests enjoy our doughnuts. We're certainly not asking people to get a free Original Glazed doughnut every day, we're just making it available through the end of the year, especially given that not every group

909-621: A doughnut, balushahi is dense. A balushahi is ring-shaped, but the well in the center does not go all the way through to form a hole typical of a doughnut. Jalebi , which is typically pretzel-shaped, is made by deep frying batter in oil and soaking it in sugar syrup. A variant of jalebi , called imarti , is shaped with a small ring in the center around which a geometric pattern is arranged. Along with these Indian variants, typical varieties of doughnuts are also available from U.S. chains such as Krispy Kreme and Dunkin' Donuts retail outlets, as well as local brands such as Mad Over Donuts and

1010-406: A hole in the center of dough with the ship's tin pepper box, and to have later taught the technique to his mother. Smithsonian Magazine states that his mother, Elizabeth Gregory, "made a wicked deep-fried dough that cleverly used her son's spice cargo of nutmeg and cinnamon, along with lemon rind," and "put hazelnuts or walnuts in the center, where the dough might not cook through", and called

1111-401: A person who ate a doughnut every day without making other lifestyle changes could gain 15 pounds by the end of the year. Others criticized the physicians: Elyse Resch, a nutrition therapist, wrote: "It's an oppression. Weight stigma, fat-shaming, fatphobia – it's oppressive, like every other oppression in the world. And it's so wrong. We all deserve to have satisfaction in our eating, and having

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1212-533: A reported operating margin of 20 percent or higher, but these mark-ups were largely at the expense of its franchisees. By comparison, rival chain Dunkin' Donuts generally avoids selling equipment or materials to its franchisees which "keeps company and franchisee interests aligned", as well as having a royalty stream based on same-store sales. Krispy Kreme has been accused of channel stuffing by franchisees, whose stores reportedly "received twice their regular shipments in

1313-538: A sauce. Chinese cuisine features long, deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name in Mandarin , yóutiáo (油條, "oil strips"); in Cantonese , this doughnut-style pastry is called yàuhjagwái (油炸鬼, "ghosts fried in oil"). These pastries are lightly salted and are often served with congee , a traditional rice porridge or soy milk for breakfast. In India, an old-fashioned sweet called gulgula

1414-551: A small general store in Paducah, Kentucky , that sold a wide variety of goods, including its very popular doughnuts. While the exact origin of the doughnut recipe remains partially a mystery, it is believed that Ishmael Armstrong was inspired by an Ohio River barge cook named Joseph LeBeouf who was famous for his light and fluffy doughnuts. The store struggled during the Great Depression . In 1934, Vernon and Ishmael decided to move to

1515-792: A standard doughnut and tend to be spherical. Similar to standard doughnuts, doughnut holes may be topped with confections, such as glaze or powdered sugar. Originally, most varieties of doughnut holes were derivatives of their ring doughnut (yeast-based dough or cake batter) counterparts. However, doughnut holes can also be made by dropping a small ball of dough into hot oil from a specially shaped nozzle or cutter. This production method has allowed doughnut sellers to produce bite-sized versions of non-ring doughnuts, such as filled doughnuts, fritters and Dutchies . Filled doughnuts are flattened spheres injected with fruit preserves , cream , custard , or other sweet fillings, and often dipped into powdered sugar or topped off with frosting. Common varieties include

1616-434: A tenth of a percent. Krispy Kreme also had supermarkets and gas stations carry their doughnuts, which soon contributed up to half of the chain's sales, creating further market saturation as well as increasing competition to its franchisees. All this expansion devalued Krispy Kreme brand's novelty, by making the once-specialty doughnuts ubiquitous, particularly as the newer sales outlets required pre-made doughnuts as opposed to

1717-502: A wholly owned subsidiary of Beatrice Foods of Chicago, Illinois . The headquarters for Krispy Kreme remained in Winston-Salem. A group of franchisees purchased the corporation back from Beatrice Foods in 1982. Krispy Kreme began another phase of rapid expansion in the 1990s, opening stores outside the southeastern United States where most of their stores were located. In December 2001, Krispy Kreme opened its first store outside

1818-416: Is American. The spelling "donut" remained rare until the 1950s, and has since grown significantly in popularity. Hanson Gregory, an American, claimed to have invented the ring-shaped doughnut in 1847 aboard a lime-trading ship when he was 16 years old. Gregory was dissatisfied with the greasiness of doughnuts twisted into various shapes and with the raw center of regular doughnuts. He claimed to have punched

1919-412: Is a phospholipid . "The fatty acids are attracted to fats and oils (lipids) in food, while the phosphate group is attracted to water. It is this ability to attract both lipids and water that allow phospholipids such as lecithin to act as emulsifiers." The proteins from both the egg yolk and the egg whites contribute to the structure of the dough through a process called coagulation. When heat is applied to

2020-595: Is a spheroid pastry similar to doughnuts called sata andagi . Mochi donuts are "a cross between a traditional cake-like doughnut and chewy mochi dough similar to what’s wrapped around ice cream". This hybrid confection was originally popularized in Japan by Mister Donut before spreading to the United States via Hawaii. The Mister Donut style, also known as "pon de ring", uses tapioca flour and produces mochi donuts that are easy to pull apart. Another variation developed in

2121-618: Is around 20%, but have extra fat included in the batter before frying. Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at approximately 190 to 198 °C (374 to 388 °F), turning once. Yeast -raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, at 182 to 190 °C (360 to 374 °F). Cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 and 28 g (0.85 and 0.99 oz), whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38 g (1.3 oz) and are generally larger, and taller (due to rising) when finished. Daniela Galarza, for Eater , wrote that "the now-standard doughnut’s hole

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2222-461: Is composed of two separate molecules named glutenin and gliadin . Specifically, "the backbone of the gluten network likely consists of the largest glutenin molecules, or subunits, aligned and tightly linked to one another. These tightly linked glutenin subunits associate more loosely, along with gliadin, into larger gluten aggregates." The gluten strands then tangle and interact with other strands and other molecules, resulting in networks that provide

2323-582: Is eligible to get vaccinated yet." Owning the controlling stake in Krispy Kreme Doughnuts as well as Insomnia Cookies and Pret A Manger (amongst other brands), one of the wealthiest families in Germany admitted in 2019 that they profited from forced labour during World War II . The New York Times reported that the two men who ran the family business in the 1930s and 1940s - Albert Reimann Sr. and his son Albert Reimann Jr. - actively participated in

2424-541: Is here used in the earlier sense of "small rounded cake or cookie", also seen in ginger nut . Doughnut is the traditional spelling and still dominates even in the United States though donut is often used. At present, doughnut and the shortened form donut are both pervasive in American English. The first known printed use of donut was in Peck's Bad Boy and his Pa by George W. Peck , published in 1900, in which

2525-460: Is made of sweetened, deep-fried flour balls. A leavening agent may or may not be used. There are a couple of unrelated doughnut-shaped food items. A savory, fried, ring-shaped snack called a vada is often referred to as the Indian doughnut. The vada is made from dal , lentil or potato flours rather than wheat flour. In North India, it is in the form of a bulging disc called dahi-vada , and

2626-406: Is made up of a glucose molecule bound to a fructose molecule. Milk is utilized in the making of doughnuts, but in large scale bakeries, one form of milk used is nonfat dry milk solids. These solids are obtained by removing most of the water from skim milk with heat, and this heat additionally denatures the whey proteins and increases the absorption properties of the remaining proteins. The ability of

2727-468: Is normally available in dim sum Cantonese restaurants. An oilier Beijing variant of this called 高力豆沙, gaoli dousha , is filled with red bean paste ; originally, it was made with egg white instead of dough. Many Chinese cultures make a chewy doughnut known as shuangbaotai (雙包胎), which consists of two conjoined balls of dough. Chinese restaurants in the United States sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes with condensed milk as

2828-552: Is nothing to gloss over. These crimes are disgusting.” The Boston Globe published an article about it headlined, “I found out Nazi money is behind my favorite coffee. Should I keep drinking it?” In February 2015, a Krispy Kreme branch in Kingston upon Hull , England , announced during the half-term break of schools that it was launching, among other events that week, "Krispy Kreme Klub Wednesday", during which children could decorate doughnuts. However, it attracted controversy after it

2929-625: Is now called historic Old Salem . The Krispy Kreme logo was designed by Benny Dinkins, a local architect. The first Krispy Kreme bakery outside the South opened in Akron, Ohio , in 1939. Expansion occurred in the 1950s, including an early store in Savannah, Georgia . By the 1960s, Krispy Kreme was known throughout the Southeast , and it began to expand into other areas. In 1976, Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation became

3030-677: Is popular in many countries and is prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries , supermarkets , food stalls , and franchised specialty vendors . Doughnut is the traditional spelling, while donut is the simplified version; the terms are used interchangeably. Doughnuts are usually deep fried from a flour dough , but other types of batters can also be used. Various toppings and flavors are used for different types, such as sugar , chocolate or maple glazing. Doughnuts may also include water, leavening , eggs, milk, sugar, oil, shortening , and natural or artificial flavors. The two most common types are

3131-409: Is soaked in curd , sprinkled with spices and sliced vegetables, and topped with a sweet and sour chutney . In South India, a vada is eaten with sambar and a coconut chutney . Sweet pastries similar to old-fashioned doughnuts called badushahi and jalebi are also popular. Balushahi , also called badushah , is made from flour, deep fried in clarified butter, and dipped in sugar syrup. Unlike

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3232-435: Is still up for debate. Food writer Michael Krondl surmises that the shape came from recipes that called for the dough to be shaped like a jumble – a once common ring-shaped cookie. In Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People , culinary historian Linda Civitello writes that the hole was invented because it allowed the doughnuts to cook faster. By 1870 doughnut cutters shaped in two concentric circles, one smaller than

3333-490: Is the general word for pastry or any kind of starchy food. A very inexpensive treat for everyday Cambodians, this sweet pastry consists of a jasmine rice flour dough moulded into a classic ring shape and then deep fried in fat, then drizzled with a palm sugar toffee and sprinkled with sesame seeds. The rice flour gives it a chewy texture that Cambodians are fond of. This childhood snack is what inspired Cambodian-American entrepreneur Ted Ngoy to build his doughnut empire, inspiring

3434-453: Is the tangentic stress, k {\displaystyle k} is the viscosity coefficient, D {\displaystyle D} is the shear rate, and n {\displaystyle n} is the flow index. Many factors affect dough rheology including the type and volume of ingredients and the force applied during mixing. Dough is usually described as a viscoelastic material, meaning that its rheology depends on both

3535-457: Is then rolled in granulated sugar. The result is a doughnut with a sugar-crusted skin. Sel roti is a Nepali homemade, ring-shaped, rice doughnut prepared during Tihar , the widely celebrated Hindu festival in Nepal. A semiliquid dough is usually prepared by adding milk, water, sugar, butter, cardamom, and mashed banana to rice flour, which is often left to ferment for up to 24 hours. A sel roti

3636-414: Is traditionally fried in ghee . Doughnuts are available at most bakeries across Pakistan. The Navaz Sharif variety, available mainly in the city of Karachi , is covered in chocolate and filled with cream, similar to a Boston cream . Doughnuts can readily be found at the many Dunkin' Donuts branches spread across Pakistan. Local varieties of doughnuts sold by peddlers and street vendors throughout

3737-419: Is used, and the resulting doughnut has a different texture because cake flour has a relatively low protein content of about 7 to 8 percent. In yeast doughnuts, a flour with a higher protein content of about 9 to 12 percent is used, resulting in a doughnut that is lighter and more airy. In addition, yeast doughnuts utilize yeast as a leavening agent. Specifically, "Yeast cells are thoroughly distributed throughout

3838-493: The cascaron , which is prepared similarly, but uses ground glutinous rice and coconut milk in place of wheat flour and milk. Scott Livengood Livengood acquired the company in 2006 and has launched initiatives to grow its national brands through leading food retailers that account for the majority of the company’s sales of premium, all-natural cookies, crackers, specialty and gift products, as well as custom and private label products. From 2006 to 2012, sales grew 150% or

3939-699: The Boston cream , coconut , key lime , and jelly . Others include the fritter and the Dutchie , which are usually glazed. These have been available on Tim Hortons ' doughnut menu since the chain's inception in 1964, and a 1991 Toronto Star report found these two were the chain's most popular type of fried dough in Canada. There are many other specialized doughnut shapes such as old-fashioned , bars or Long Johns (a rectangular shape), or twists. Other shapes include balls, flattened spheres, twists, and other forms. In

4040-503: The IPO , which concentrated certain markets with too many stores. While this approach initially grew revenues and profits at the parent-company level, due to royalty payments from new franchisees, this reduced the profitability of individual franchisees in the long run as they were forced to compete with one another. For the 2003-04 fiscal year, while the parent enjoyed a 15 percent increase in second-quarter revenues, same-store sales increased only

4141-533: The Nazi Party , with Reimann Sr. donating to the SS in 1931, two years before Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. In addition to employing forced laborers in their private villa, their industrial chemicals factory in Germany employed forced laborers including Nazi-deportees from Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as prisoners of war from France. A third of their workforce, around 175 forced workers, produced items for

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4242-592: The Salisbury, North Carolina , Krispy Kreme location (the town where Cheerwine is made) sold them as well. After July 31, this was the only place to get them. The Cheerwine Kreme doughnut returned for July 2011 and made its debut in Tennessee and Roanoke, Virginia . On May 25, 2017, Krispy Kreme doughnut-flavored Jelly Belly jelly beans were announced. On August 5, 2019, Krispy Kreme released two new Reese's -branded "chocolate lovers" and "peanut butter lovers" doughnuts to

4343-607: The World . The cookbook Küchenmeisterei ( Mastery of the Kitchen ), published in Nuremberg in 1485, offers a recipe for "Gefüllte Krapfen", stuffed, fried dough cakes. The Spanish and Portuguese churro is a choux pastry dough that would also be served in a ring-shape. The recipe may have been brought from, or introduced to China, in the 16th century. Dutch settlers brought olykoek ("oil(y) cake") to New York (or New Amsterdam ) in

4444-453: The casein and whey proteins to absorb excess water is essential to prolonging the doughnut's freshness. The major whey protein in the nonfat milk solids is known as beta-lactoglobulin, and a crucial feature of its structure is that there exists a single sulfhydryl group that is protected by the alpha helix, and when heating of the milk solids occurs, these groups participate in disulfide exchanges with other molecules. This interchange prevents

4545-473: The donut spelling. Dunkin' Donuts , which was so-named in 1950, following its 1948 founding under the name Open Kettle (Quincy, Massachusetts), is the oldest surviving company to use the donut variation; other chains, such as the defunct Mayflower Doughnut Corporation (1931), did not use that spelling. According to the Oxford Dictionaries while "doughnut" is used internationally, the spelling "donut"

4646-519: The old-fashioned ) and yeast-risen doughnuts. Doughnuts are often accompanied by coffee or milk . They are sold at doughnut shops, convenience stores, petrol/gas stations, cafes or fast food restaurants. A recipe for a deep-fried dough ball was recorded by Cato the Elder in his de agri cultura , using cheese, honey, and poppy seeds, called globi . Similar types of fried dough recipes have either spread to, or originated, in other parts of Europe and

4747-556: The Dolly Southern Sweets Doughnuts Collection included four new flavors available for a limited time in restaurants and some grocery stores--Dolly Dazzler, Peachy Keen Cobbler, Banana Puddin' Pie and Chocolate Creme Pie. Inspired by Dolly Parton , the flavors were the company's first inspired by a celebrity. Although based on informal advertising such as word-of-mouth, in 2006, Krispy Kreme moved into television and radio advertisements, beginning with its "Share

4848-508: The Donut Baker. The Indonesian , donat kentang is a potato doughnut , a ring-shaped fritter made from flour and mashed potatoes, coated in powder sugar or icing sugar. In Japan, an-doughnut (あんドーナッツ, " bean paste doughnut") is widely available at bakeries. An-doughnut is similar to Germany's Berliner , except it contains red azuki bean paste. Mister Donut is one of the most popular doughnut chains in Japan. Native to Okinawa

4949-647: The German army, states the AFP news agency. As reported by the New York Times , workers were beaten, and women were made to stand naked, and if they refused were sexually assaulted. Director of the Leibniz Institute for Contemporary History , Andreas Wirsching, said that Reimann Sr. and Reimann Jr. were unusual in their direct participation in the abuse of workers. “It was very common for companies to use forced laborers—but it

5050-493: The Love" campaign with heart-shaped doughnuts. Since 1955, the company has offered fundraising kits for organizations to sell boxes of doughnuts; Krispy Kreme would then split the proceeds with the organizations to raise funds for various causes. In 2014, Krispy Kreme released a $ 1,685 doughnut as part of fundraising efforts for The Children's Trust . It was covered with 24- karat gold and was decorated with edible diamonds . The inside

5151-613: The New York Stock Exchange in August 2003, a gain of 135 percent from its IPO price. For the fiscal year ending in February 2004, the company reported sales of $ 665.6 million and operating profits of $ 94.7 million from almost 400 stores (including international locations). The market initially considered the company as having "solid fundamentals, adding stores at a rapid clip and showing steadily increasing sales and earnings." In May 2004,

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5252-519: The Philippines are usually made of plain well-kneaded dough, deep-fried in refined coconut oil and sprinkled with refined (not powdered or confectioner's) sugar. Round versions of this doughnut are known as buñuelos (also spelled bunwelos , and sometimes confusingly known as " bicho-bicho "), similar to the doughnuts in Spain and former Spanish colonies. Indigenous versions of the doughnut also exist, like

5353-586: The SEC issued a cease and desist order against Krispy Kreme for its actions inflating their revenues and engaging in illicit activities regarding the purchasing of its own stores to prop up revenues and setting up mechanisms to guarantee that it beat earnings estimates by $ 0.01, which eventually resulted in Krispy Kreme reducing net income over two years by over $ 10.5 million. In it, the SEC proposed remedial actions for Krispy Kreme to take. In May 2016, JAB Holding Company ,

5454-695: The US in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada. The minimum investment amount required to open a Krispy Kreme franchise is $ 440,500 and can go all the way up to $ 4,115,000. On April 5, 2000, the corporation went public on the NASDAQ at $ 21 using the ticker symbol KREM. On May 17, 2001, Krispy Kreme switched to the New York Stock Exchange , with the ticker symbol KKD, which it carried until its private acquisition. The stock reached what would be its all-time high of $ 50 on

5555-405: The United States uses glutinous rice flour which produces a denser mochi donut akin to Hawaiian-style butter mochi . Mochi donuts made from glutinous rice flour "typically contain half the amount of calories as the standard cake or yeast doughnut". Kuih keria is a hole doughnut made from boiled sweet potato that is mashed. The sweet potato mash is shaped into rings and fried. The hot doughnut

5656-565: The Whole Wheat Glazed doughnut in an attempt to appeal to the health conscious. The doughnut has nearly the same number of calories as the original glazed doughnut (180 calories vs. 190 calories) but contains more fiber (2 grams vs. 0.5 grams). As of January 2008, the trans fat content of all Krispy Kreme doughnuts was reduced to 0.5 of a gram or less. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration , in its guidelines, allows companies to round up to 1 g in its nutrition facts label when

5757-793: The abuse of their workers. The German newspaper Bild originally published the story, based on an interim report by an economic historian at the University of Munich, Paul Erker - who was hired by the Reimann family to investigate their involvement with the Nazi Party . The family's spokesman and a managing partner of JAB Holding Company , which the Reimanns control - Peter Harf - told Deutsche Welle , “Reimann Sr. and Reimann Jr. were guilty. The two businessmen have passed away, but they actually belonged in prison.” Erker's report concluded that Reimann Sr. and Reimann Jr. were virulent anti-Semites and keenly supported

5858-505: The batch to make more doughnuts. A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and pinched into a torus until the center breaks to form a hole. Alternatively, a doughnut depositor can be used to place a circle of liquid dough (batter) directly into the fryer. There are two types of ring doughnuts, those made from a yeast-based dough for raised doughnuts, or those made from a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts' oil content

5959-401: The buybacks of franchisees, including those operated by company insiders. A report released in August 2005 singled out then-CEO Scott Livengood and then-COO John W. Tate to blame for the accounting scandals although it did not find that the executives committed intentional fraud. In late 2004, CNBC columnist Herb Greenberg named Livengood the worst CEO of that year. He was educated in

6060-471: The company missed quarterly estimates for the first time and suffered its first loss as a public company. Chairman and CEO Scott Livengood attributed the poor results to the low-carbohydrate diet craze. This explanation was viewed with skepticism by analysts, as "blaming the Atkins diet for disappointing earnings carried a whiff of desperation", and as rival doughnut chain, Dunkin' Donuts , has not suffered from

6161-557: The company through its greatest period of expansion, with growth from 95 stores in 11 states to 367 in 38 states. He also initiated and guided the development of the company's first international stores in Canada , Mexico , the United Kingdom , and Australia . Livengood oversaw the IPO of Krispy Kreme on the NASDAQ , and the switch to the NYSE about a year later. Krispy Kreme was voted one of

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6262-1190: The country around 2020. On July 27, 2016, Krispy Kreme was acquired by JAB Beech . Under the terms of the transaction, company shareholders received $ 21 per share in cash for each share they own. As a result of the completion of the acquisition, Krispy Kreme's common stock ceased trading on the New York Stock Exchange . On November 5, 2016, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Kópavogur , Iceland . On January 12, 2017, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Panama City, Panama . On January 27, 2018, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Guatemala City, Guatemala . On February 28, 2018, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand . On March 10, 2018, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Ikeja City Mall, Lagos, Nigeria . On September 26, 2018, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Dublin, Ireland , which has since become

6363-429: The dough and begin to feed on the sugar that is present ... carbon dioxide gas is generated, which raises the dough, making it light and porous." Whereas this process is biological, the leavening process in cake doughnuts is chemical. In cake doughnuts, the most common leavening agent is baking powder. Baking powder is essentially "baking soda with acid added. This neutralizes the base and produces more CO 2 according to

6464-443: The dough taken from the center of ring doughnuts. Before long, doughnut sellers saw the opportunity to market "holes" as a novelty and many chains offer their own variety, some with their own brand names such as "Munchkins" from Dunkin' Donuts and "Timbits" from Tim Hortons . Traditionally, doughnut holes are made by frying the dough removed from the center portion of the doughnut. Consequently, they are considerably smaller than

6565-458: The dough, the egg proteins will begin to unfold, or denature, and then form new bonds with one another, thus creating a gel-like network that can hold water and gas. Shortening is responsible for providing tenderness and aerating the dough. In terms of its molecular structure, "a typical shortening that appears solid [at room temperature] contains 15–20% solids and, hence, 80–85% liquid oil ... this small amount of solids can be made to hold all of

6666-449: The dough, whereas larger molecules, such as the starches or proteins, must be hydrated in order for them to absorb moisture. Another important consideration of water is its degree of hardness, which measures the amount of impurities in the water source. Pure water consists of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, but water used in baking often is not pure. Baker's salt (NaCl) is usually used as an ingredient due to its high purity, whereas

6767-538: The early 18th century. These doughnuts closely resembled later ones but did not yet have their current ring shape. A recipe for fried dough "nuts" was published, in 1750 England, under the title "How to make Hertfordshire Cakes, Nuts and Pincushions”, in The Country Housewife’s Family Companion by William Ellis. A recipe labelled "dow nuts", again from Hertfordshire , was found in a book of recipes and domestic tips written around 1800, by

6868-401: The egg, are considered structure-forming materials that help significantly to produce proper volume, grain, and texture." The egg yolk contributes proteins, fats, and emulsifiers to the dough. Emulsifying agents are essential to doughnut formation because they prevent the fat molecules from separating from the water molecules in the dough. The main emulsifier in egg yolk is called lecithin, which

6969-412: The elasticity of the dough. In mixing, the gluten is developed when the force of the mixer draws the gluten from the wheat endosperm , allowing the gluten matrix to trap the gas cells. Eggs function as emulsifiers , foaming agents, and tenderizers in the dough. The egg white proteins, mainly ovalbumin, "function as structure formers. Egg solids, chiefly the egg white solids combined with the moisture in

7070-399: The film The Donut King . A few sweet, doughnut-style pastries are regional in nature. Cantonese cuisine features an oval-shaped pastry called ngàuhleisōu (牛脷酥, lit. " ox-tongue pastry ", due to its tongue-like shape). A spherical food called saa1 jung (沙翁), which is also similar to a cream puff but denser with a doughnut-like texture and usually prepared with sugar sprinkled on top,

7171-462: The final weeks of a quarter so that headquarters could make its numbers". The company was also dogged by questionable transactions and self-dealing accusations over the buybacks of franchisees, including those operated by company insiders. A report released in August 2005 singled out then-CEO Livengood and then-COO John W. Tate to blame for the accounting scandals, although it did not find that the executives committed intentional fraud. On March 4, 2009,

7272-550: The first South American country for the company. In October 2014, Krispy Kreme opened another store at Colombia in Bogotá and Chía, Cundinamarca . On December 12, 2013, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Taipei , Taiwan . On May 18, 2015, Krispy Kreme announced it has signed a development agreement with KK Doughnuts SA (Pty) Ltd., to open 31 Krispy Kreme shops in South Africa over

7373-611: The first Krispy Kreme vending machine was launched in North Carolina, featuring 3-packs of doughnuts available 24 hours a day. In May 2021, Krispy Kreme confidentially filed for an initial public offering to once again go public. The company went public again on the Nasdaq on July 1, 2021, under the name Krispy Kreme Inc. The first Krispy Kreme store to open outside North America was in Penrith , New South Wales , Australia , part of metropolitan Sydney . The second Krispy Kreme store that

7474-498: The following equation: NaHCO 3 + H → Na + H 2 O + CO 2. " The physical structure of the doughnut is created by the combination of flour, leavening agent, sugar, eggs, salt, water, shortening, milk solids, and additional components. The most important ingredients for creating the dough network are the flour and eggs. The main protein in flour is gluten , which is overall responsible for creating elastic dough because this protein acts as "coiled springs." The gluten network

7575-415: The food 'doughnuts'. Ring doughnuts are formed by one of two methods: by joining the ends of a long, skinny piece of dough into a ring, or by using a doughnut cutter, which simultaneously cuts the outside and inside shape, leaving a doughnut-shaped piece of dough and a doughnut hole (the dough removed from the center). This smaller piece of dough can be cooked and served as a "doughnut hole" or added back to

7676-483: The food contains as much as 0.5 of a gram per serving. Krispy Kreme benefited from this regulatory rule in its subsequent advertising campaign, touting its doughnuts as "trans fat-free" and having "0 grams trans fat!". On July 1, 2010, Krispy Kreme introduced a doughnut that included the soft drink Cheerwine , which was to be sold in grocery stores in North and South Carolina during July. The doughnuts proved so popular that

7777-412: The healthfulness of doughnuts include removing trans fats . An important property of the dough that affects the final product is the dough's rheology . This property measures the ability of the dough to flow. It can be represented by the power law equation: τ = k D n {\displaystyle \tau =kD^{n}} where τ {\displaystyle \tau }

7878-483: The larger city of Nashville, Tennessee , where they hoped business would be better. The uncle and nephew focused solely on selling their doughnuts and opened "The Krispy Kreme Doughnut Company" in a rented store on Gallatin Road. The shop did so well that Vernon's father, Plumie, also left Kentucky and moved to Nashville to help sell doughnuts. In 1937, Rudolph opened his own store, deciding on Winston-Salem, North Carolina , for

7979-408: The liquid in a matrix of very small, stable, needlelike crystals (beta-prime crystals)." This crystalline structure is considered highly stable due to how tightly its molecules are packed. The sugar used in baking is essentially sucrose, and besides imparting sweetness in the doughnut, sugar also functions in the color and tenderness of the final product. Sucrose is a simple carbohydrate whose structure

8080-469: The location when he learned that his favorite cigarette company, Camel Cigarettes , was headquartered in the small North Carolina city. Rudolph primarily sold to convenience stores; however, he also sold hot doughnuts to individual customers who came during production time between midnight and 4 a.m. The first store in North Carolina was located in a rented building at 534 South Main Street in Winston-Salem in what

8181-461: The low-carb trend over the same compared period. By 2005, the company's stock had lost 75-80 percent of its value, amid earnings declines, as well as an SEC investigation over the company's alleged improper accounting practices. A turnaround plan in December 2005 aimed to close unprofitable stores in order to avoid bankruptcy. Analysts suggested that Livengood had expanded the chain too rapidly after

8282-557: The most profitable store worldwide. On May 13, 2023, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Costa Rica . It expanded to France in December 2023 with its first Paris store, which is expected to make 45,000 doughnuts per day. The company's menu was tweaked to appeal to French customers, including a gingerbread flavored doughnut. On August 9, 2024, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Morocco . On February 19, 2007, Krispy Kreme began selling

8383-708: The most stores in the Asia-Pacific region with 129 stores. Krispy Kreme opened its first store in India on January 19, 2013, in Bangalore , Karnataka . The stores are operated by Citymax Hotels India under a franchise arrangement. On July 23, 2014, Krispy Kreme launched its first shop in Chennai , India, at Express Avenue mall. On September 25, 2013, Krispy Kreme announced the opening of 25 stores, all within 5 years, in Colombia . This marks

8484-838: The next five years. This marked the company's first venture into Africa . On September 10, 2015, Krispy Kreme signed a development agreement with Agape Coral, SAC to open 24 shops over the next five years in Peru . On November 25, 2015, Krispy Kreme opened its first store in Rosebank , Johannesburg, South Africa . On December 2, 2015, Krispy Kreme opened its largest store in the United Kingdom in Glasgow, Scotland . On May 5, 2016, Krispy Kreme opened their first store in Bangladesh at Banani in Dhaka and quietly left

8585-403: The northeast United States, bars and twists are usually referred to as crullers . Another is the beignet , a square-shaped doughnut covered with powdered sugar, commonly associated with New Orleans . Yeast doughnuts and cake doughnuts contain most of the same ingredients, however, their structural differences arise from the type of flour and leavening agent used. In cake doughnuts, cake flour

8686-452: The number of stores from 21 to 94, and its Mexico operation announced the number of stores would increase from 58 to 128 in five years. In the United Kingdom , Krispy Kreme continues its expansion and had plans and funding in place to open further stores in 2012. In South Korea , their first store opened on December 16, 2004, and celebrated their 100th store opening exactly ten years later, on December 16, 2014. As of September 2016, they hold

8787-402: The ones made fresh in factory stores, which alienated brand devotees. Besides royalty payments from new stores, the parent company also enjoyed significant profits by requiring franchisees to purchase mix and doughnut-making equipment from the parent's Krispy Kreme Manufacturing and Distribution (KKM&D) division. KKM&D earned $ 152.7 million in 2003, which made up 31 percent of sales, with

8888-504: The other, began to appear in home-shopping catalogues". After frying, ring doughnuts are often topped. Raised doughnuts are generally covered with a glaze (icing). Cake doughnuts can also be glazed, powdered with confectioner's sugar , or covered with cinnamon and granulated sugar. They are also often topped with cake frosting (top only) and sometimes sprinkled with coconut, chopped peanuts, or sprinkles . Doughnut holes are small, bite-sized doughnuts that were traditionally made from

8989-1157: The public. In July 2020, Krispy Kreme launched several candy-coated doughnuts with Nerds , Jelly Belly jelly beans , sour gummies, and marshmallows . Krispy Kreme introduced a seasonal Pumpkin Spice Doughnut Collection in September 2020 with four flavors: 1) Pumpkin Spice Original Glazed Doughnut, 2) Pumpkin Spice Cake Doughnut, 3) Pumpkin Spice Original Filled Cheesecake Doughnut, and 4) Pumpkin Spice Cinnamon Roll Doughnut. During Veganuary in January 2021, Krispy Kreme UK launched its Original Glazed vegan doughnut. In December 2021, Krispy Kreme UK launched three more vegan doughnut flavors, Fudge Brownie Bliss, Caramel Choc Delight, and Apple Custard Crumble. In 2024,

9090-428: The renaturation of the whey proteins. If the crosslinking of the sulfide groups does not occur, the whey proteins can rebond and weaken the gluten network. Water is a necessary ingredient in the production of doughnuts because it activates the other ingredients, allowing them to perform their functions in building the doughnut's structure. For example, sugar and salt crystals must be dissolved in order for them to act in

9191-502: The ring doughnut and the filled doughnut, which is injected with fruit preserves (the jelly doughnut ), cream , custard , or other sweet fillings. Small pieces of dough are sometimes cooked as doughnut holes . Once fried, doughnuts may be glazed with a sugar icing, spread with icing or chocolate, or topped with powdered sugar , cinnamon , sprinkles or fruit. Other shapes include balls, flattened spheres, twists, and other forms. Doughnut varieties are also divided into cake (including

9292-707: The salts in water are derived from varying minerals. As an ingredient, "salt is added to enhance the flavour of cakes and breads and to ‘toughen up’ the soft mixture of fat and sugar." If relatively soft water is being used, more salt should be added in order to strengthen the gluten network of the dough, but if not enough salt is added during the baking process, the flavor of the bread will not be appealing to consumers. Doughnuts are unhealthful, though some are less so than others. According to Prevention Magazine , doughnuts made from enriched flour provide some thiamine , riboflavin , and niacin , along with some fiber , but they are high in sugar and calories. Steps to improve

9393-461: The top five brands in North America by readers of brandchannel in 2001, 2002, and 2003. However, Krispy Kreme has been accused of channel stuffing by franchisees, whose stores reportedly "received twice their regular shipments in the final weeks of a quarter so that headquarters could make its numbers". The company was also dogged by questionable transactions and self-dealing accusations over

9494-487: The viscosity and the elasticity. The viscosity coefficient and the flow index are unique to the type of dough being analyzed, while the tangential stress and the shear rate are measurements which depend on the type of force being applied to the dough. Nom kong (នំបុ័ងកង់), the traditional Cambodian doughnut, is named after its shape – the word ‘កង់’ (pronounced kong in Khmer) literally means “wheel”, whilst nom (‘នំបុ័ង’)

9595-432: The wife of Baron Thomas Dimsdale , the recipe being given to the dowager Baroness by an acquaintance who transcribed for her the cooking instructions for a "dow nut". The first cookbook using the near conventional "dough nuts" spelling was possibly the 1803 edition of "The Frugal Housewife: Or, Complete Woman Cook", which included dough nuts in an appendix of American recipes. One of the earliest mentions of "dough-nut"

9696-490: Was almost certainly related to the oliekoek : a Dutch delicacy of "sweetened cake fried in fat." One of the earliest known literary usages of the term dates to an 1808 short story describing a spread of "fire-cakes and dough-nuts". Washington Irving described "dough-nuts", in his 1809 History of New York, as "balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog's fat, and called dough-nuts, or olykoeks ." These "nuts" of fried dough might now be called doughnut holes . The word nut

9797-756: Was in Washington Irving 's 1809 book A History of New York, from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty : Sometimes the table was graced with immense apple-pies, or saucers full of preserved peaches and pears; but it was always sure to boast of an enormous dish of balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog’s fat, and called dough-nuts, or oly koeks: a delicious kind of cake, at present scarce known in this city, excepting in genuine Dutch families. The name oly koeks

9898-418: Was made from Dom Pérignon champagne jelly. In March 2021, Krispy Kreme announced that they were providing a free Original Glazed doughnut every day (except Thanksgiving Day & Christmas Day ) for the rest of that year to customers in the US who could prove they have received a COVID-19 vaccine . Multiple physicians criticized this move, with former Baltimore health commissioner Leana Wen tweeting that

9999-426: Was not common for a company boss to be in direct and physical contact with these forced laborers,” Wirsching said. As reported by Deutsche Welle , due to the successors' findings about their family’s Nazi past, the Reimanns pledged to donate $ 11 million to institutions helping victims and families of forced labourers . The report includes a statement from Harf to Bild saying “We were ashamed and white as sheets. There

10100-1054: Was opened internationally was in the United Kingdom and was in Harrods department store London . It closed in June 2011. As of 2018, there are over 100 stand alone Krispy Kreme stores in the UK , and a presence in 500 Tesco stores. Besides the stores that Krispy Kreme operate in the United States and Canada, there are also locations in Egypt , France , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Lebanon , Turkey , India , Dominican Republic , Iceland , Ireland , Kuwait , Guatemala , Mexico , Costa Rica , Panama , Russia , Taiwan , South Korea , Malaysia , Thailand , Indonesia , Philippines , Japan , Singapore , Cambodia , Jordan , United Arab Emirates , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Bahrain , Hong Kong , Nigeria , Ethiopia and Chile . In August 2011, Krispy Kreme's Japan operation planned to increase

10201-478: Was promoted as "KKK Wednesday" on Facebook , due to it sharing an abbreviation with the Ku Klux Klan , an American white supremacist terrorist group. Krispy Kreme promptly apologized, canceled the event, pulled all marketing relating to it, and launched an internal investigation. Doughnut A doughnut or donut ( / ˈ d oʊ n ə t / ) is a type of pastry made from leavened fried dough . It

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