51-624: Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai . It offers banking products and financial services for corporate and retail customers in the areas of personal finance , investment banking , life insurance , and wealth management . As of December 2023, the bank has 1,869 branches and 3,239 ATMs, including branches in GIFT City and DIFC (Dubai) . In 1985, Uday Kotak founded Kotak Mahindra Financial services Limited as financial services company with
102-496: A 15% stake in Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) from Financial Technologies Group for ₹ 459 crore (US$ 75.21 million) to become the company's largest shareholder. In 2014, Kotak Mahindra Bank announced the acquisition of ING Vysya Bank in a deal valued at ₹ 15,000 crore (US$ 2.34 billion). With the merger completed in 2015, Kotak Mahindra Bank had almost 40,000 employees, and the number of branches reached 1,261. After
153-704: A 5% stake. In 2005, Kotak Mahindra Bank acquired Ford Credit's 40% stake in Kotak Mahindra Primus, making it a wholly-owned subsidiary of the group. Kotak Mahindra Primus was subsequently renamed as Kotak Mahindra Prime. In 2006, Kotak Mahindra Bank bought out Goldman Sachs' 25% stake in Kotak Mahindra Capital for ₹ 210 crore (US$ 46.35 million) and 25% in Kotak Securities for ₹ 123 crore (US$ 27.15 million), turning both companies into its wholly-owned subsidiaries. In 2014, Kotak Mahindra Bank acquired
204-596: A 70% stake in Kotak Mahindra General Insurance for ₹ 5,560 crore (US$ 670 million). Major subsidiaries of the Bank include In a study by Brand Finance Banking 500 published in February 2014 by Banker magazine, Kotak Mahindra Bank was ranked 245th among the world's top 500 banks with a brand valuation of around US$ 481 million and brand rating of AA+. In 2020, Kotak pledged to donate ₹50 crore to
255-412: A bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses and individuals. Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are normally not considered as an adequate substitute for a bank account. Banks issue new money when they make loans. In contemporary banking systems, regulators set a minimum level of reserve funds that banks must hold against the deposit liabilities created by
306-409: A bank varies from country to country. See the relevant country pages for more information. Under English common law , a banker is defined as a person who carries on the business of banking by conducting current accounts for their customers, paying cheques drawn on them and also collecting cheques for their customers. In most common law jurisdictions there is a Bills of Exchange Act that codifies
357-452: A central role over many centuries. The oldest existing retail bank is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena (founded in 1472), while the oldest existing merchant bank is Berenberg Bank (founded in 1590). Banking as an archaic activity (or quasi-banking ) is thought to have begun as early as the end of the 4th millennium BCE, to the 3rd millennia BCE. The present era of banking can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to
408-433: A financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans . Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets . Whereas banks play an important role in financial stability and the economy of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a high degree of regulation over banks. Most countries have institutionalized
459-425: A large number of small to medium-sized institutions in its banking system. As of November 2009, China's top four banks have in excess of 67,000 branches ( ICBC :18000+, BOC :12000+, CCB :13000+, ABC :24000+) with an additional 140 smaller banks with an undetermined number of branches. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy each had more than 30,000 branches – more than double
510-643: A large scale, financing the purchase of shares in the Suez canal for the British government in 1875. The word bank was taken into Middle English from Middle French banque , from Old Italian banco , meaning "table", from Old High German banc, bank "bench, counter". Benches were used as makeshift desks or exchange counters during the Renaissance by Florentine bankers, who used to make their transactions atop desks covered by green tablecloths. The definition of
561-491: A loan of ₹ 30 lakh from family and friends. In 1986, Anand Mahindra and his father Harish Mahindra invested ₹ 1 lakh in the company which was subsequently renamed Kotak Mahindra Finance. The company was initially engaged in bill discounting, along with lease and hire purchase activities. In the early 1990s, the company started offering car financing and investment banking services and expanded its operations overseas. In 1996, car financing company Kotak Mahindra Primus
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#1732858365469612-462: A system known as fractional-reserve banking , under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity , banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, the Basel Accords . Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in
663-399: A variety of different ways including interest, transaction fees and financial advice. Traditionally, the most significant method is via charging interest on the capital it lends out to customers. The bank profits from the difference between the level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and the level of interest it charges in its lending activities. This difference
714-446: Is a bank regulation , which sets a framework within which a bank or depository institution must manage its balance sheet . The categorisation of assets and capital is highly standardised so that it can be risk weighted . After the financial crisis of 2007–2008 , regulators force banks to issue Contingent convertible bonds (CoCos). These are hybrid capital securities that absorb losses in accordance with their contractual terms when
765-403: Is a list of the largest deals in history in terms of value with participation from at least one bank: Currently, commercial banks are regulated in most jurisdictions by government entities and require a special bank license to operate. Usually, the definition of the business of banking for the purposes of regulation is extended to include acceptance of deposits, even if they are not repayable to
816-431: Is referred to as the spread between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate. Historically, profitability from lending activities has been cyclical and dependent on the needs and strengths of loan customers and the stage of the economic cycle . Fees and financial advice constitute a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on these revenue lines to smooth their financial performance. In
867-705: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as a regulator. However, for soundness examinations (i.e., whether a bank is operating in a sound manner), the Federal Reserve is the primary federal regulator for Fed-member state banks; the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is the primary federal regulator for national banks. State non-member banks are examined by the state agencies as well as
918-631: The Great Depression , the U.S. Savings and Loan crisis in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Japanese banking crisis during the 1990s, and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the 2000s. The 2023 global banking crisis is the latest of these crises: In March 2023, liquidity shortages and bank insolvencies led to three bank failures in the United States , and within two weeks, several of the world's largest banks failed or were shut down by regulators Assets of
969-607: The PM CARES Fund to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in India. In April 2024, the Reserve Bank of India barred Kotak Mahindra Bank from onboarding new customers via mobile banking, online channels, and issuing new credit cards. Existing customers were not affected. The RBI cited deficiencies in the bank's IT systems as the reason for this action. Banking A bank is
1020-474: The 15,000 branches in the United Kingdom. Between 1985 and 2018 banks engaged in around 28,798 mergers or acquisitions, either as the acquirer or the target company. The overall known value of these deals cumulates to around 5,169 bil. USD. In terms of value, there have been two major waves (1999 and 2007) which both peaked at around 460 bil. USD followed by a steep decline (−82% from 2007 until 2018). Here
1071-522: The FDIC. National banks have one primary regulator – the OCC. Each regulatory agency has its own set of rules and regulations to which banks and thrifts must adhere. The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) was established in 1979 as a formal inter-agency body empowered to prescribe uniform principles, standards, and report forms for the federal examination of financial institutions. Although
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#17328583654691122-559: The FFIEC has resulted in a greater degree of regulatory consistency between the agencies, the rules and regulations are constantly changing. Kotak Life Insurance Kotak Mahindra Life Insurance Company Limited is a privately held life insurance company based in India. It was established in 2001 and currently serves 46 million customers in 148 cities and towns across India. The company provides protection, retirement, savings, investment, and annuity plans. The Kotak Mahindra Group
1173-567: The UK, for example, the Financial Services Authority licenses banks, and some commercial banks (such as the Bank of Scotland ) issue their own banknotes in addition to those issued by the Bank of England , the UK government's central bank. Banking law is based on a contractual analysis of the relationship between the bank (defined above) and the customer – defined as any entity for which
1224-639: The bank agrees to conduct an account. The law implies rights and obligations into this relationship as follows: These implied contractual terms may be modified by express agreement between the customer and the bank. The statutes and regulations in force within a particular jurisdiction may also modify the above terms or create new rights, obligations, or limitations relevant to the bank-customer relationship. Some types of financial institutions, such as building societies and credit unions , may be partly or wholly exempt from bank license requirements, and therefore regulated under separate rules. The requirements for
1275-401: The bank is structured or regulated. The business of banking is in many common law countries not defined by statute but by common law, the definition above. In other English common law jurisdictions there are statutory definitions of the business of banking or banking business . When looking at these definitions it is important to keep in mind that they are defining the business of banking for
1326-416: The bank is to restore, not the same money, but an equivalent sum, whenever it is demanded and money, when paid into a bank, ceases altogether to be the money of the principal (see Parker v. Marchant, 1 Phillips 360); it is then the money of the banker, who is bound to return an equivalent, by paying a similar sum to that deposited with him, when he is asked for it. The goldsmith paid interest on deposits. Since
1377-411: The bank will not repay it), and interest rate risk (the possibility that the bank will become unprofitable, if rising interest rates force it to pay relatively more on its deposits than it receives on its loans). Banking crises have developed many times throughout history when one or more risks have emerged for the banking sector as a whole. Prominent examples include the bank run that occurred during
1428-667: The bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as Automated Clearing House (ACH), Wire transfers or telegraphic transfer , EFTPOS , and automated teller machines (ATMs). Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits , and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds . Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans , and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. Banks provide different payment services, and
1479-533: The capital of the issuing bank falls below a certain level. Then debt is reduced and bank capitalisation gets a boost. Owing to their capacity to absorb losses, CoCos have the potential to satisfy regulatory capital requirement. The economic functions of banks include: Banks are susceptible to many forms of risk which have triggered occasional systemic crises. These include liquidity risk (where many depositors may request withdrawals in excess of available funds), credit risk (the chance that those who owe money to
1530-483: The cheque has lost its primacy in most banking systems as a payment instrument. This has led legal theorists to suggest that the cheque based definition should be broadened to include financial institutions that conduct current accounts for customers and enable customers to pay and be paid by third parties, even if they do not pay and collect cheques . Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers in
1581-423: The cross-selling of complementary products. Banks face a number of risks in order to conduct their business, and how well these risks are managed and understood is a key driver behind profitability, and how much capital a bank is required to hold. Bank capital consists principally of equity , retained earnings and subordinated debt . Some of the main risks faced by banks include: The capital requirement
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1632-408: The customer's order – although money lending, by itself, is generally not included in the definition. Unlike most other regulated industries, the regulator is typically also a participant in the market, being either publicly or privately governed central bank . Central banks also typically have a monopoly on the business of issuing banknotes . However, in some countries, this is not the case. In
1683-489: The date Prime Minister Narendra Modi had announced demonetisation in the previous year (8 November), which according to Uday Kotak was "the day that changed India." Kotak 811 helped the bank double its number of customers by September 2018. In April 2017, Kotak Mahindra Bank acquired Old Mutual's 26% stake in Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance for ₹ 1,292 crore (US$ 198.4 million), making
1734-589: The funding of these loans, in order to ensure that the banks can meet demands for payment of such deposits. These reserves can be acquired through the acceptance of new deposits, sale of other assets, or borrowing from other banks including the central bank. Activities undertaken by banks include personal banking , corporate banking , investment banking , private banking , transaction banking , insurance , consumer finance , trade finance and other related. Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services: A bank can generate revenue in
1785-516: The goldsmiths of London became the forerunners of banking by creating new money based on credit. The Bank of England originated the permanent issue of banknotes in 1695. The Royal Bank of Scotland established the first overdraft facility in 1728. By the beginning of the 19th century Lubbock's Bank had established a bankers' clearing house in London to allow multiple banks to clear transactions. The Rothschilds pioneered international finance on
1836-406: The issue of banknotes emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. Merchants started to store their gold with the goldsmiths of London , who possessed private vaults , and who charged a fee for that service. In exchange for each deposit of precious metal, the goldsmiths issued receipts certifying the quantity and purity of the metal they held as a bailee ; these receipts could not be assigned, only
1887-442: The issue of a bank license vary between jurisdictions but typically include: Banks' activities can be divided into: Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by the government, or are non-profit organisations . The United States banking industry is one of the most heavily regulated and guarded in the world, with multiple specialised and focused regulators. All banks with FDIC-insured deposits have
1938-409: The largest 1,000 banks in the world grew by 6.8% in the 2008–2009 financial year to a record US$ 96.4 trillion while profits declined by 85% to US$ 115 billion. Growth in assets in adverse market conditions was largely a result of recapitalisation. EU banks held the largest share of the total, 56% in 2008–2009, down from 61% in the previous year. Asian banks' share increased from 12% to 14% during
1989-436: The law in relation to negotiable instruments , including cheques, and this Act contains a statutory definition of the term banker : banker includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not, who carry on the business of banking' (Section 2, Interpretation). Although this definition seems circular, it is actually functional, because it ensures that the legal basis for bank transactions such as cheques does not depend on how
2040-714: The life insurance company its wholly-owned subsidiary. In 2021, Kotak Mahindra Bank sold its 8.57% stake in Airtel Payments Bank to Bharti Enterprises for ₹ 295 crore (US$ 39.81 million). In the same year, Kotak Mahindra Group acquired the vehicle financing portfolio of Volkswagen Finance India and passenger vehicle financing portfolio of Ford Credit India . In 2022, it acquired the agriculture and healthcare equipment financing portfolio of DLL India . In 2023, Kotak Mahindra Bank acquired microfinancier Sonata Finance for ₹ 537 crore (US$ 64 million). In February 2024, Zurich Insurance Group announced its acquisition of
2091-631: The merger, ING Group , which controlled ING Vysya Bank, obtained a 6.5% stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank. In 2015, Kotak Mahindra General Insurance , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kotak Mahindra Bank, started operations after receiving IRDAI 's approval. In 2016, Bharti Airtel and Kotak Mahindra Bank started an 80:20 joint venture called Airtel Payments Bank . In 2016, Kotak Mahindra Bank acquired BSS Microfinance for ₹ 139.2 crore (US$ 20.72 million). In March 2017, Kotak Mahindra Bank launched an online savings account called Kotak 811, named after
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2142-420: The original depositor could collect the stored goods. Gradually the goldsmiths began to lend money out on behalf of the depositor , and promissory notes , which evolved into banknotes, were issued for money deposited as a loan to the goldsmith. Thus, by the 19th century, we find in ordinary cases of deposits, of money with banking corporations, or bankers, the transaction amounts to a mere loan, or mutuum , and
2193-455: The past 20 years, American banks have taken many measures to ensure that they remain profitable while responding to increasingly changing market conditions. This helps in making a profit and facilitates economic development as a whole. Recently, as banks have been faced with pressure from fintechs, new and additional business models have been suggested such as freemium, monetisation of data, white-labeling of banking and payment applications, or
2244-438: The promissory notes were payable on demand, and the advances (loans) to the goldsmith's customers were repayable over a longer time-period, this was an early form of fractional reserve banking . The promissory notes developed into an assignable instrument which could circulate as a safe and convenient form of money backed by the goldsmith's promise to pay, allowing goldsmiths to advance loans with little risk of default . Thus
2295-700: The prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but, in many ways, functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancient world . In the history of banking , a number of banking dynasties – notably, the Medicis , the Pazzi , the Fuggers , the Welsers , the Berenbergs , and the Rothschilds – have played
2346-487: The purposes of the legislation, and not necessarily in general. In particular, most of the definitions are from legislation that has the purpose of regulating and supervising banks rather than regulating the actual business of banking. However, in many cases, the statutory definition closely mirrors the common law one. Examples of statutory definitions: Since the advent of EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale), direct credit, direct debit and internet banking ,
2397-570: The rich cities in the centre and north like Florence , Lucca , Siena , Venice and Genoa . The Bardi and Peruzzi families dominated banking in 14th-century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of Europe. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici set up one of the most famous Italian banks, the Medici Bank , in 1397. The Republic of Genoa founded the earliest-known state deposit bank, and Banco di San Giorgio (Bank of St. George), in 1407 at Genoa , Italy. Fractional reserve banking and
2448-459: The year, while the share of US banks increased from 11% to 13%. Fee revenue generated by global investment in banking totalled US$ 66.3 billion in 2009, up 12% on the previous year. The United States has the most banks in the world in terms of institutions (5,330 as of 2015) and possibly branches (81,607 as of 2015). This is an indicator of the geography and regulatory structure of the US, resulting in
2499-425: Was established as a 74:26 joint venture between Kotak Mahindra Finance and Old Mutual . In February 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance received a banking licence from the Reserve Bank of India , becoming India's first non-banking finance company to be converted into a bank . Kotak Mahindra Finance was then renamed Kotak Mahindra Bank. At the time, Uday Kotak had a 56% stake in the company while Anand Mahindra held
2550-576: Was founded in 1985 as a provider of financial services. In February 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd (KMFL), the Group's flagship company, received banking license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to conduct banking operations in the country and was renamed as Kotak Mahindra Bank , the parent company of Kotak Life Insurance. The company started operations in 2001 on a joint venture between Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd and Old Mutual Plc . In 2017, Kotak Mahindra Bank bought Old Mutual's 26 percent stake in
2601-414: Was incorporated as a 60:40 joint venture between Kotak Mahindra Finance and Ford Credit International . In the same year, Kotak Mahindra Finance hived off its investment banking division into a new company, Kotak Mahindra Capital, started in partnership with Goldman Sachs . In 1998, Kotak Mahindra Finance started its mutual fund arm called Kotak Mahindra AMC . In 2001, OM Kotak Mahindra Life Insurance
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