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69-457: The Kosmaj, is located 40 kilometers south-east of Belgrade. Entire area of the mountain belongs to the Belgrade City area, majority of it being in the municipalities of Mladenovac and Sopot , with eastern slopes being in the municipality of Grocka , and northern and north-western extensions in the municipalities of Barajevo and Voždovac . It is speculated that the mountain was named after

138-512: A dust suppression system had been installed, which was put to trial. In November 2019, CINS sought an interview with Zijin on the topic of air pollution, to which the company responded with a press release. It says that by the end of the year, the company will have a total of five SO2-neutralized dust spray machines. Documentation obtained by CINS shows that by that time, two of the machines purchased had been in operation for about two months, but pollution data showed that it had no significant effect on

207-548: A letter to the Ministry of Environment that the power outage had caused pollution. However, control a few months later, in August, showed another omission – Zijin did not have a system for wet dust removal during the transportation of tailings on the Bor mine, which also threatened human health and the environment. Zijin was ordered to solve the problem, and the company later told the Ministry that

276-649: A lot of playgrounds for basketball, football, etc.The Grammar School in Mladenovac is very successful in Serbian and history, especially in republic competitions. Serbia Zijin Bor Copper Serbia Zijin Bor Copper , formerly known as RTB Bor , is a copper mining and smelting complex located in Bor , Serbia . The first geological explorations of copper ore in Bor area were conducted in 1897 and covered

345-521: A multi-year trial against RTB Bor before the Geneva Arbitration Tribunal , seeking $ 40 million for failure to fulfill the contract and subsequent financial losses. During the 1990s, RTB Bor imported the copper concentrate from Mytilineos, processed it, but never sent back 4,000 tonnes of processed copper to the Greek company. Mytilineos has also launched several other lawsuits against RTB Bor over

414-538: A spree shooting in the villages of Dubona and Šepšin . This town, situated about 47 km (29.20 mi) in the south of Belgrade, is a part of the district of the capital city of Serbia. Together with the suburban settlements Kovačevac, Koraćica, Markovac, Jagnjilo, Senaja, Granice, Velika Krsna, Dubona, Šepšin, Velika Ivanča, Rajkovac, Selo Mladenovac, Rabrovac, Amerić, Vrbica the municipality of Mladenovac extends over 339 km (130.89 sq mi) and has 53,050 inhabitants. Kosmaj with its altitude of 628 m

483-666: A tender for a strategic partner. The Serbian government has chosen the Chinese Zijin Mining Group as its strategic partner for the copper mining and smelting complex, RTB Bor. On 31 August 2018, Chinese mining company Zijin Mining took over 63% of shares of the company, in a $ 1.26 billion deal with the Government of Serbia. On 18 December 2018, Zijin Mining formally took over the company under new name "Zijin Bor Copper". Later, it

552-547: Is "Momčilo Živojinović" with over 2000 pupils. Second in size is "Sveti Sava" primary school. There is also a primary school "Kosta Đukić" and a total of 8 primary schools in the area. Secondary schools include the Gymnasium and the Technical School of Mladenovac. It has a long history, educating many pupils and having many teachers work in it. Every one of them left a trace in the school's history. The primary school Kosta Đukić

621-502: Is "awaiting the reconstruction". The Pavlovac monastery was built by despot Stefan Lazarević, sometime between 1415 and 1419, with some sources claiming 1425 as the correct year. Serbian Orthodox Church officially adopted 1417 as the construction year and in July and August 2017 celebrated monastery's 600th anniversary. In the vicinity of the monastery are remains of the Roman cemetery, and the area

690-456: Is dated to the 9th century. It had shallow dug houses, with scattered clay vessels and iron arrowheads discovered, too. This settlement disappeared in c.900, but was revived in the 10th century. Apart from pottery artifacts, also discovered were jewelry, lead beads (presumably for religious purpose), soldiers' vests and square artisan furnace, cut into the wall, with the places for sitting and laying around it. The settlement disappeared again in

759-411: Is divided in two levels of protection, II and III. The Kosmaj is touristically well prepared for hiking , cycling and touring historic and religious landmarks. It has a hotel, mountaineering camp, villas, etc. Proximity of Belgrade and mountain's gentle slopes, glades and woods are a basis for the touristic economy. Latest addition, since the mid-2000s is a modern, vast resort complex of "Babe", near

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828-488: Is kept at 40 °C (104 °F). As of 2017, the complex has a floor area of 26,000 m (280,000 sq ft) with 300 beds, wellness and spa centers, a park of 14 ha (35 acres) and 7,000 patients yearly. With the surrounding neighborhoods, Selters forms one of the "local communities", sub-municipal administrative units, of the town of Mladenovac. It had a population of 3,619 in 1981, 4,468 in 1991, 5,094 in 2002 and 4,601 in 2011. The biggest primary school

897-495: Is located in the village of Koraćica near Mladenovac. Alongside the church, dedicated to St Nikola, there are three more buildings from the same period, protected as a cultural monument of great importance . Despot Stefan Lazarević died suddenly while riding a horse near the village of Crkvine in Mladenovac area. A momument dedicated to his death was placed in 1427 in the yard of the Church of Prophet Elijah. It represents one of

966-426: Is sponsoring several cultural and artistic festivals, including "Under the linden trees of Tresije monastery", "Days of Milovan Vidaković and Frula festival. Mladenovac Mladenovac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Младеновац , pronounced [mlâde̞nɔ̝v̞at͡s] ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade . According to the 2024 census results, the municipality has a population of 56,389 inhabitants, while

1035-552: Is the highest point in this region. A monument dedicated to Serbs (Partisans) who lost their lives in World War II fights that took place in this area sits at the top of this mountain. A medieval monastery Tresije, built in the 13th century, is located on the way from the town center to Mount Kosmaj. Mladenovac is also a crossing point of many trading and transporting routes such as Belgrade , Kragujevac , Aranđelovac , Smederevo , Smederevska Palanka . Suburban: According to

1104-551: The Celtic word cos meaning forest, and maj pre- Indo-European word meaning mountain. Alternative explanations suggest the connection to the ancient mountain-dwelling Slavic pagan deity Kozmaj/Kasmaj, the protector of woods, animals and the cosmos. The mountain has never been known under any other name, until it was forcefully molded by the Romans into "Casa Maias", house of Maia , in order to promote worship of their goddess of spring among

1173-519: The Government of Serbia kept investing hundreds of millions euros in new production facilities, and even wrote off company's debts worth 1 billion euros to the government-owned companies such as Elektroprivreda Srbije . Even with high copper prices on global markets, RTB Bor continued with financial losses. For calendar year 2015 net loss was around 110 million euros and for 2016 it amounted to 42 million euros. In 2017, Greek Mytilineos Holdings won

1242-404: The World War II . In 1951, the company's assets were nationalized by the Government of SFR Yugoslavia . Since then, the company Bor was in the state ownership. From 1951 until 1988, the company has changed its organizational structure, from the "organization of associated labor" to state-owned enterprise "RTB Bor". During 1993, following the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia and the outbreak of

1311-626: The Yugoslav Wars , RTB Bor made various investments which further initiated opening of the new mining operations such as new pit mine called "Cerovo". Since the mid-1990s and during the time of sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , production in the RTB Bor dropped significantly from the very prosperous 1970s and 1980s. This has been due to both diminishing reserves and the inability to obtain new equipment that would most efficiently gather

1380-585: The deciduous ( beech and oak ), and to the lesser extent, coniferous woods. While the beech and oak forests are results of the natural, spontaneous growth, the patches of conifers were planted by humans. Forests cover steeper slopes of the mountain, while the gentler slopes are grass-covered. Foothills are covered in orchards and arable fields. Self-grown plants used for human consumption include bear's garlic , woodland strawberry , blackberry and cornelian cherry . As bear's garlic ( sremuš or medveđi luk ) became more and more popular in Serbian cuisine in

1449-503: The 13th century but was established again in the mid-14th century. This locality yielded fine, thin ceramics, Serbian coins and ornamental, gold plated rivets , shaped like eagle heads. The settlement died out around c.1400 and was never settled again. In total, there are 250 registered archaeological localities on the Mladenovac municipal territory, 98 of which are from the Middle Ages . Pavlovac Monastery , founded in early 15th century,

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1518-459: The 2011 census of population) on the south-eastern slopes, other settlements, though numerous, are smaller, barely exceeding 2,500 inhabitants. They include Rogača (953), Drlupa (532), Dučina (729), Ropočevo (2,628), Sopot (1,920), Nemenikuće (1,992), Stojnik (567), Babe (348), Guberevac (535), Ralja (2,933), Parcani (619) (in the municipality of Sopot), Amerić (835), Koraćica (1,989), Velika Ivanča (1,532), Pružatovac (859) (in

1587-429: The 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 53,096 inhabitants. The ethnic composition of the municipality (as of 2022): Most of the inhabitants of Mladenovac are working in the industrial factories. The most prominent large companies are: Keramika, Progres, Minel trafo, Elektrošumadija, Cobest and Makovica. There is a game hunting ground "Varovnica" in the municipality. Other touristic attractions in

1656-577: The 21st century, group picking of the plant on the mountain was organized in the early 2020s, and the Bear's garlic festival was founded in 2023. Altogether, 551 plant and 300 fungi species inhabits the mountain, including the endangered larkspur ( Delphinium phissum ) which is on the Red List . Some 150 plant species are medicinal or edible and 5 are under the strict protection. Additionally, there are 30 relics, 10 sub-endemics, 25 endangered taxa and 60 species under

1725-517: The Jama mine, represents a very significant potential mineral resource. The overview of total resources: Several protests has been held in Bor in eastern Serbia over excessive air pollution that has been intensified since Zijin took over copper miner Rudarsko-Topioničarski Basen (RTB) in late 2018. Since January 2019, Bor has been struggling with excessive air pollution, with sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels topping 2,000 micrograms per cubic meter, up from

1794-620: The Parcanski vis: Lug (or Veliki Lug) which flows to the east into the Kubršnica , Ralja also flows to the east into the Jezava , outflow of the Velika Morava , and Topčiderka which flows to the north, into the urban center of Belgrade. In Roman period, Kosmaj was an important mining center, but today the mining activities ceased completely. Evidence suggests that the iron ore was extracted even in

1863-534: The Roman period, mining activities ceased, only being revived in the Medieval Serbia . In February 2022, it was announced that the Serbia Zijin Bor Copper company has been surveying the mountain for possible mining. Due to the bad image of the company regarding pollution, this caused public furor, especially due to the ongoing ecological protests . Zijin immediately backed off, saying they are stopping

1932-598: The Roman procurator Babenius, whose name is preserved in the name of the Babe village. In the 1970s and 1980s, experts from the National Museum in Belgrade explored the area and discovered many mining necropolis, centered around the villages of Babe, Stojnik and Guberevac. It is estimated that there are some 100 ancient mining shafts on Kosmaj, which go 2 km (1.2 mi) below the ground and are 25 km (16 mi) wide. After

2001-556: The area at the time called "Tilva Roš". The explorations were performed by the Serbian industrialist Đorđe Vajfert , who later provided investments of capital from France and set up a company called the "French Society of the Bor Mines, the Concession St. George". The company, with its headquarters in Paris, started operations on 1 June 1904. The French capital remained in Bor until the end of

2070-445: The center. Rehabilitation center "Sokobanjska" was opened in 1989 in Belgrade itself, and later administratively became part of Selters. The water is beneficial for the patients with strokes, rheumatism, orthopedic problems and cerebral palsy. The institute also provides the mud healing therapies though it has no natural healing mud. It is made from the mixture of thermal water, clay and zeolite , which matures in special pools and then

2139-432: The contract and offer Oleg Deripaska 's Strikeforce Mining and Resources (SMR) as the second ranked bidder a chance to purchase RTB Bor. However, after a set of negotiations, SMR decided not to increase their first offer and the second tender had officially failed. For more than two decades, RTB Bor has been among the most unprofitable Serbian companies, with the accumulated debt of more than 1 billion euros . However,

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2208-466: The entire Pashalik of Belgrade . It was rebuilt in 1709 by the brethren of the Rakovica monastery , but was demolished already in 1738. At the end of the 18th century, it was demolished and the reconstruction began in 1936. It was not finished due to World War II , and after the war, new Communist authorities took the materials from the monastery to build a hotel "Hajdučica" in the vicinity. Construction of

2277-463: The hollows of the walls were filled with the trpanac stone, smaller rock pieces. The style of the entire complex is the mix of the local style and the maritime style from the Adriatic ( Kotor and Dubrovnik ). The monastery was declared a cultural monument . The Tresije monastery was built by the king Stefan Dragutin in 1309. It was dedicated to the archangels Michael and Gabriel and named after

2346-495: The locals. The mountain is 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) kilometers long and built of flysch , serpentine , and magmatic rocks . The highest peak is also named Kosmaj. It is a low, island mountain, the second northernmost in Šumadija region (after Avala). Until 600,000 years ago, when the surrounding low areas were flooded by the inner Pannonian Sea , the Kosmaj was an island, just as the neighboring mountains (Avala, Fruška Gora to

2415-403: The maximum allowed 350. Protesters demanded that the city government urgently adopt a plan so that the line ministry and state inspectorates can react to the alarming pollution levels in Bor. As early as April 2019, the inspector had ordered the company to take action against air pollution of the environment, human health and the environment, because it emitted excessive SO2. Zijin then explained in

2484-805: The members of the Timok Division, who defended Belgrade in 1914. The other monument was built on the Mali Vis peak in 1971. It commemorates the soldiers of the Partisan Kosmaj Partisan Detachment  [ sr ] from World War II . Since the 2010s, village tourism developed in the mountain's villages, so as the weekend and excursion tourism due to the proximity of Belgrade. There are also lake and hunting ground Trešnja and public swimming pools "Verona" in Rogača and "Izvor" in Stojnik. Apart from

2553-592: The monasteries (" Mount Athos of Despot Stefan Lazarević "), touristic objects on the mountain include the Sopot Khan and the Old Žujović House  [ sr ] . Numerous annual festivals are organized in the villages, dedicated, among other, to frula , fiacres , goulash or health food . There were seven monasteries on the mountain, but three survived until today: Kastaljan, Pavlovac and Tresije. Historically, or in folk mythology, they are all in some way connected to

2622-544: The more common hares , roes , pheasants , foxes , squirrels , hedgehogs , partridges and quails but also in Serbia rare, Red Listed corn crake . Wolves , once living on Kosmaj, are extinct from the mountain. In 2005, a landscape of outstanding features "Kosmaj" was declared. Protected area covers 3.5145 hectares (8.685 acres) and spreads in the municipalities of Mladenovac (villages Amerić, Koračica and Velika Ivanča) and Sopot (Rogača and Nemenikuće). The protected terrain

2691-468: The mountain's downhill: Tresije, Kastaljan (in ruins) and Pavlovac, all over 600 years old. There is a mineral spa on the southern slopes, near the village of Koraćica ( Koraćička banja ). There are two monuments on the top of the mountain. One is dedicated to the fallen soldiers of World War I . It is situated at the Beli Kamen locality, just below the wooden tower. It is a memorial ossuary dedicated to

2760-436: The municipality include the nearby Kosmaj mountain with its monasteries, monuments and excursion complexes, Selters Spa, lakes of Markovac and Rabrovac, and the ethno-village of Amerić. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): The Selters Institute for Rehabilitation is located 50 km (31 mi) southeast from Belgrade, in

2829-496: The municipality of Mladenovac), Barajevo (9,158) and Lisović (1,054) (in the municipality of Barajevo). Together with the Avala, the island of Veliko Ratno Ostrvo and the wood of Stepin Lug (and with forests of Košutnjak and Topčider to be added soon), the Kosmaj is a part of the circle of the protected green areas of Belgrade. The Kosmaj remained highly forested, over 70%, mostly by

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2898-530: The nearby stream of Tresije. It was demolished and rebuilt several times. It was rebuilt soon after the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was restored in the 16th century. It had 10 monks, which was a rarity at the time, and despite the Ottoman rule, the monastery managed to preserve its relics and was quite distinguished. In the mid-16th century, Ottoman census mentions the monastery as having the largest brethren in

2967-633: The new konak , planned before the war, began in 1991 and the foundation stone , brought from the Mount Athos, was placed by Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia . In 2009 a celebration of the monastery's 700 years was held. The monastery is dedicated to the Holly Archangels. Tresije became somewhat of a sensation after the local population started claims that the image of Mary, mother of Jesus began to appear on church's outer wall. The image allegedly appeared for several years before it disappeared. Monastery

3036-449: The non-fulfilled contracts signed during the 1990s. In 2017, according to the general director Spaskovski, RTB Bor had a positive net result after years of net losses, with $ 306 million (€255 million) of revenues and $ 73 million (€61 million) of EBITDA . For 2017, around 18 million tonnes of ore was mined, of which 235,000 tonnes of concentrate was processed and finally, 43,000 tonnes of copper, 5 tonnes of silver and 700 kilograms of gold

3105-409: The north, etc.), thus earning its geographical classification. The Kosmaj remains an island mountain as the plateaux around it are low and mostly flat. In the north it extends into the direction of Trešnja , the southernmost extension of the Avala, while in the north-west it extends into Parcanski vis (" Parcani rising"), 408 metres (1,339 ft) high ending section of the Kosmaj, which extends into

3174-515: The oldest and most significant medieval monuments of the Balkan cultural heritage. The first official data over a settlement in this area are mentioned in the Ottoman census of 1528. The day of the urban district is 2 August, when Mladenovac was given the status of a town in 1893. In 1971, the municipality of Mladenovac, along with Lazarevac , was annexed to the city of Belgrade. On 4 May 2023, nine people were killed and thirteen others were injured in

3243-572: The pre-Roman period. In Medieval Serbia mining began in c.1420, after the Law on mines was issued by the Despot Stefan Lazarević in 1412. In July 2000, during the excavations for the new sports complex in Babe, a spring was discovered in the valley of the Pruten creek. The new Pruten spring has a capacity up to 40 L/s (1.4 cu ft/s) and by 2011 a waterwork was constructed which supplies

3312-466: The productivity levels. However, due to Cuprom's failure to meet a deadline regarding the financing, the Government of Serbia had cut the deal and the complex was put up for privatization once again. In February 2008, following the second tender, RTB Bor was sold to the Austrian A-TEC for a sum of $ 466 million plus obligation to invest $ 180.4 million in facilities. After the signing of the contract

3381-488: The remaining ore, which is no longer of such a high grade. Copper mining as the key basis of Bor 's economy had significant effects on Bor's inhabitants due to decreased production during the 1990s and 2000s. In March 2007, the Government of Serbia sold RTB Bor to the Romanian Cuprom for a sum of US$ 400 million. Cuprom pledged to modernize the production facilities in RTB Bor and Majdanpek mine, in order to improve

3450-476: The ruler Stefan Lazarević (1377-1427), who died while crossing the mountain. With the Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul in the village of Nemenikuće, Church of Saint Elijah with Stefan Lazarević's cenotaph and several other objects, the Kosmaj's religious and memorial complex is colloquially called "Kosmaj's Mount Athos ", a usual moniker in Serbia when a number of religious objects is clustered on one location. The marble pillar-like cenotaph with inscription

3519-496: The square based narthex , which can be classified as the representative of the Morava architectural school . Surrounding the church were the konak , the dining room with the monastic cells and the kitchen, all in ruins today. Of the konak, in the northern part of the monastery ground, only foundations survived, and the restoration is planned. The church was built in an unusual way, from the large slabs of stone positioned vertically while

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3588-437: The strict control of use and trade. Of fungi species, 80 are edible, 17 are medicinal and 11 are poisonous. Cleared areas are mostly used as pastures or are being cultivated as orchards and vineyards. There are 17 newly discovered species of clearwing moths and it is believed that this is their only habitat in Serbia. Animals inhabiting the mountain include 13 amphibian, 11 reptilian, 51 mammal and 96 bird species, including

3657-534: The surveys and that they inherited the 2012 survey rights and partial permits due to the purchase and ownership changes in some other companies. The government confirmed that on Zijin's official request, it issued a survey ceasing decision. The explored area was the Babe-Ljuta Strana survey field, spreading in three municipalities (Barajevo, Sopot and Voždovac), and surveyed ores included lead, zinc, copper, silver and gold. Except Mladenovac (23,609 inhabitants by

3726-472: The travelers were built. The monastery, dedicated to the Saint George , is today in ruins, being demolished in the late 17th century. Excavations were conducted in the 1960s and the 1970s, when the high altar , with carved representation of a deer, was uncovered. Remains of some frescoes confirm that the monastery was painted. A liturgy among the ruins is being held every year on the Đurđevdan . The monastery

3795-498: The urban area has 22,346 inhabitants. Its name stems from word 'youth' in Serbian . According to a legend, the emergence of the name is brought in connection with a man named Mladen, who established himself after the battle on the Kosovo in 1389 with his two brothers in this desert area. The brothers separated and the place, where Mladen had established himself, was called Mladenovac. In

3864-750: The urban area of Mladenovac. The first water well with warm salty water was dug in 1893. After the water from the thermo-mineral spring was analyzed, it showed similarities with the waters from spas Bad Ems in Germany , Royat in France and Luhačovice in Bohemia , but it was most comparable to the Selters Spa in Germany, so it was named the same way. Water was awarded with medals in Brussels (1906) and London (1907). The health resort

3933-636: The village of Kovačevac, 4.5 km (2.80 mi) from downtown Mladenovac, there is an archaeological locality Divičmeđ. It spreads on 10 ha (24.71 acres) in the valley of the Veliki Lug river and contains remains from the prehistoric and medieval periods. Medieval settlement was located under the Brest plateau, surrounding the Divičmeđ and Bunar water springs. Excavations were conducted in 1986-1987 (headed by Milica Janković) and 1995. Oldest settlement from this period

4002-457: The village of the same name. Hunting tourism is also an opportunity, because the mountain is rich in game. Section of the mountain is organized as the hunting ground "Kosmaj", on the territory of the Sopot municipality. On the top of the mountain, a wooden tower was built and arranged as the observation point . Water spring Hajdučica is a popular tourist attraction. Several monasteries are located in

4071-479: The villages of Babe, Stojnik and Ropočevo, so as the complex itself, with the water from this spring. Moreover, during the excavation, a hidden entry into the vast complex of Roman mines was discovered, too, being obscured for centuries. There are evidence of the extraction of silver , iron and lead . In the 3rd century AD, the Kosmaj mines were one of the most important in the Roman Empire, and were administered by

4140-462: The woods of Lipovička šuma . There are three peaks on the mountain, each with descriptive name: Mali Vis (little one). Goli Vis (naked one) and Rutavi Vis (hairy or bushy one). The Kosmaj is source of several rivers. Turija river (and several of its tributaries, including Sibnička reka ), which springs right below the mountain and flows to the west into the Kolubara River . Other originate below

4209-688: Was announced that suffix "Serbia" will be added. For 2018 calendar year, Zijin Bor Copper had net income of around 760 million euros, with most of it coming from debts conversion into shares. RTB Bor Group is composed of the following subsidies: The ledges of the Zijin Bor Copper are located in the southwestern part of the Carpathian Mountains and are mostly of porphyry type within the Upper Bor District eruptive area. The currently undeveloped underground site "Borska Reka", located within

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4278-452: Was erected by Stefan Lazarević's aide, Đurađ Zubović, at the location where Stefan Lazarević collapsed, fell from his horse and died during the hunting. Also called Kasteljan, it was built in the early 14the century, during the reign of king Stefan Dragutin , on the foundations of the former Roman castrum from the 2nd and 3rd century. The trade caravan route passed next to it. During the reign of despot Stefan Lazarević large konaks for

4347-581: Was founded in 1968. Its pupils have shown very good results in mathematics, chemistry, and physics. It is one of three town's schools in Mladenovac and its nearby Selters Institute for Rehabilitation. This school has also classes in villages Međulužje, Pružatovac, Markovac, Koraćica, Vlaška and Velika Ivanča. The school in Koraćica has existed for over 150 years. The school is very successful in many fields. Its pupils in recent years have shown good results in various republic and national competitions. The school also has

4416-507: Was held in Pavlovac in 1690. The monks remained in the monastery which was then razed and burned by the Turks, killing the brethren. Archaeological works and protection of the monastery began in 1967 and it was fully restored in 1990. That same year the monks returned to Pavlovac. The design of the monastery differs from the typical style of the day. The central object in the complex is the church with

4485-428: Was initially developed by Dr. Naum Atanasijević, who sold his inheritance, a steam mill , and invested the money into the villa with 30 beds. Thermal water comes from two springs. The spa continued to develop during Interbellum , when number of visitors exceeded Mladenovac's population. The modern complex was reconstructed and expanded in 1975, when state Institute for Occupational Medicine and Rehabilitation purchased

4554-408: Was made, the first $ 150 million was delivered by A-TEC. However, the problems arose after A-TEC missed its deadline for the second payment at $ 230 million, due to A-TEC's trouble to secure bank guarantees due to the global recession caused by the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . A-TEC was not permitted to see returned the $ 150 million it had already paid. The Government of Serbia later voted to scrap

4623-595: Was obtained. Around 75% of the processed copper is exported, while the rest is being further processed by domestic copper companies " Valjaonica bakra Sevojno " and "Pometon". In 2017, the Government of Serbia was obliged to find a strategic partner or buyer by March 2018, in a memorandum with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The sale was later postponed until June 2018. Three companies – Zijin Mining from China , Diamond Fields International from Canada and U Gold from Russia – placed bids in

4692-663: Was often damaged by the advancing armies. After the collapse of the Serbian Despotate in 1459, it was razed by the Turks . The monastery is mentioned in the 1536 census of the villages in the Belgrade Nahiyah , sub-division of Sanjak of Smederevo . One of the last services, held by the fleeing Serbs from during the Great migration of Serbs before crossing the Sava and Danube into Austria ,

4761-532: Was the favorite hunting ground of despot Stefan. The monastery is dedicated to the Translations of Relics of Saint Nicholas . It was named after the nearby creek of Pavlovački Potok and, today non-existing, village of Pavlovci. The village and the monastery were mentioned in the letter which despot Stefan sent to the Republic of Ragusa on 21 November 1424. As the monastery was situated on the road leading to Belgrade it

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