The Mini Pops were a number of early analog drum machines from the Japanese musical equipment company Korg during the late 1960s and the 1970s. The machines were based around a number of preset rhythm patterns, such as waltz , samba , rhumba , bossa nova , tango , slow rock , swing , and rock 1 and 2.
105-423: Released 1967, and features four drum sounds. Released in 1966. The Mini-Pops 7 released in 1966, featured 15 drums sounds and 20 patterns. It was the most used of all. French musician Jean-Michel Jarre used it throughout his breakthrough album, Oxygene . Some rhythms were achieved by overlaying two of the presets in a manner not intended by the machine's original design. Équinoxe Part V, VI and VII featured
210-529: A Olympia show, and wrote music for the International Festival of Magic. In 1972 he also released his first solo album, Deserted Palace , and composed the soundtrack for Les Granges Brûlées ( English : The Burned Barns ). Jarre's 1976 low-budget solo album Oxygène , recorded at his home studio, made him famous internationally. The music was made with analog synthesizers like the EMS VCS 3 and
315-402: A tenor saxophone and flute player, Yusef Lateef was among the first (in 1961) to use the oboe as a solo instrument in modern jazz performances and recordings. Composer and double bassist Charles Mingus gave the oboe a brief but prominent role (played by Dick Hafer ) in his composition "I.X. Love" on the 1963 album Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus . With the birth of jazz fusion in
420-556: A "bright and penetrating" voice. The Sprightly Companion , an instruction book published by Henry Playford in 1695, describes the oboe as "Majestical and Stately, and not much Inferior to the Trumpet". In the play Angels in America the sound is described as like "that of a duck if the duck were a songbird". The rich timbre is derived from its conical bore (as opposed to the generally cylindrical bore of flutes and clarinets ). As
525-554: A 1969 exposition at the Maison de la Culture (Cultural House) in Reims , Jarre wrote the five-minute song "Happiness Is a Sad Song". That same year he composed and recorded "La Cage/Erosmachine", a mixture of harmony, tape effects and synthesisers, which was released in 1971. In 1971 Jarre was commissioned by choreographer Norbert Schmucki to perform a ballet called AOR (in Hebrew, "the light"), at
630-580: A Paris jazz club run by one of her friends from her resistance years, where saxophonists Archie Shepp and John Coltrane , and trumpet players Don Cherry and Chet Baker were regular performers. These early jazz experiences suggested to him that music may be "descriptive, without lyrics". He was also influenced by the work of French artist Pierre Soulages , whose exhibition at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris he attended. Soulages' paintings used multiple textured layers, and Jarre realised that "for
735-687: A band called Mystère IV. While he studied at the Lycée Michelet , his mother arranged for him to take lessons in harmony , counterpoint and fugue with Jeannine Rueff of the Conservatoire de Paris . In 1967 he played guitar in a band called The Dustbins , who appear in the film Des garçons et des filles [ fr ] . He mixed instruments including the electric guitar and the flute with tape effects and other sounds. More experimentation followed in 1968, when he began to use tape loops , radios and other electronic devices. In 1969, he joined
840-613: A concert at La Défense in Paris, attended by a record-breaking audience of about two million people, again beating his earlier world record. He later promoted a concert near the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico, to be held during the solar eclipse of 11 July 1991 . However, with only weeks to go, important equipment had not arrived and the sinking in the Atlantic Ocean of a cargo ship containing
945-611: A full complement of live musicians, but at Aalborg he was accompanied only by Francis Rimbert, and having guests like the Klarup Girls Choir, Safri Duo and the Aalborg Symphonic Orchestra. In 2003 he released Geometry of Love on Warner Music label, it was commissioned by Jean-Roch as soundtrack for his 'V.I.P. Room' nightclub in France. The physical CD was a long time out of print, but in 2018 remastered reissue
1050-507: A million at his home city of Lyon , in celebration of a visit by Pope John Paul II . Watching from Lyon Cathedral , the Pope began the concert with a good-night blessing, a recording of which appears on Cities in Concert – Houston/Lyon . In 1988, Jarre released his ninth studio album Revolutions , and in same year, a concert called Destination Docklands was planned for September, to be held at
1155-552: A particularly poignant or emotional scene. An example is the 1989 film Born on the Fourth of July . One of the most prominent uses of the oboe in a film score is Ennio Morricone 's " Gabriel's Oboe " theme from the 1986 film The Mission . It is featured as a solo instrument in the theme "Across the Stars" from the John Williams score to the 2002 film Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of
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#17328584163481260-448: A perfect fifth lower than the oboe. The oboe d'amore , the alto (or mezzo-soprano) member of the family, is pitched in A, a minor third lower than the oboe. J.S. Bach made extensive use of both the oboe d'amore as well as the taille and oboe da caccia , Baroque antecedents of the cor anglais. Less common is the bass oboe (also called baritone oboe), which sounds one octave lower than the oboe. Delius , Strauss and Holst scored for
1365-455: A record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the Place de la Concorde , a record he has since broken three times. More albums followed, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events. As of 2004, Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums and singles. He
1470-413: A regular oboe whose bore was gradually narrowed, and the instrument became outfitted with several keys, among them those for the notes D ♯ , F, and G ♯ . A key similar to the modern octave key was also added called the "slur key", though it was at first used more like the "flick" keys on the modern German bassoon . Only later did French instrument makers redesign the octave key to be used in
1575-434: A result, oboes are easier to hear over other instruments in large ensembles due to its penetrating sound. The highest note is a semitone lower than the nominally highest note of the B ♭ clarinet . Since the clarinet has a wider range, the lowest note of the B ♭ clarinet is significantly deeper (a minor sixth) than the lowest note of the oboe. Music for the standard oboe is written in concert pitch (i.e., it
1680-416: A sense we're putting most of our bets on Jean-Michel Jarre. He is quite exceptional and we're sure that by 1980 he will be recognised worldwide." Jarre's follow-up album, Équinoxe , was released in 1978. Though its sales were still healthy, it had less of an impact than Oxygène . but in 1979 Jarre held a large open-air concert on Bastille Day , at the Place de la Concorde . The free outdoor event set
1785-474: A significant effect on the sound. Variations in cane and other construction materials, the age of the reed, and differences in scrape and length all affect the pitch. German and French reeds, for instance, differ in many ways, causing the sound to vary accordingly. Weather conditions such as temperature and humidity also affect the pitch. Skilled oboists adjust their embouchure to compensate for these factors. Subtle manipulation of embouchure and air pressure allows
1890-605: A smaller scale than his previous concerts, featuring a miniature skyline, laser imaging and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, Manchester , Barcelona, Seville and the Versailles Palace near Paris. In March 1994, a concert was held in Hong Kong, to mark the opening of the city's new stadium. Jarre performed many of his most well-known hits at the Concert for Tolerance on Bastille Day in 1995, celebrating
1995-696: A studio album that described the different stages of a loving relationship. In that same year released on EMI label a new recording of his 1976 album named Oxygène: New Master Recording . Jarre performed 10 concerts ( Oxygène Live ) in December 2007, held in the Théâtre Marigny , located in the Champs-Élysées , Paris. Later in 2008 Jarre performed several concerts to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Oxygène , in theaters in Europe. Following one such performance at
2100-493: A sufficient air pressure, causing it to vibrate with the air column. The distinctive tone is versatile and has been described as "bright". When the word oboe is used alone, it is generally taken to mean the soprano member rather than other instruments of the family, such as the bass oboe , the cor anglais (English horn), or oboe d'amore . Today, the oboe is commonly used as orchestral or solo instrument in symphony orchestras , concert bands and chamber ensembles. The oboe
2205-475: A surge in sales—a further 800,000 records were sold between 14 July and 31 August 1979—and the Frenchman Francis Rimbert featured at the event. By the time Les Chants Magnétiques was released on 20 May 1981, Oxygène and Équinoxe had achieved global sales of about 6 million units. In its first two months the new album sold 200,000 units in France alone. The album uses sounds from
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#17328584163482310-400: A way that the sound remains clear and continuous throughout the frequency change (a quality also called legato and often called for in the oboe repertoire). The standard oboe has several siblings of various sizes and playing ranges. The most widely known and used today is the cor anglais (English horn) the tenor (or alto) member of the family. A transposing instrument ; it is pitched in F,
2415-455: A wider internal bore, a shorter and broader reed and the fingering-system is very different from the conservatoire oboe. In The Oboe , Geoffrey Burgess and Bruce Haynes write "The differences are most clearly marked in the middle register, which is reedier and more pungent, and the upper register, which is richer in harmonics on the Viennese oboe". Guntram Wolf describes them: "From the concept of
2520-474: A world record for the largest number of spectators ever at an open-air concert, drawing more than 1 million spectators. Although it was not the first time he had performed in concert (Jarre had already played at the Paris Opera Ballet ), the 40 minute-long event, which used projections of light, images and fireworks, served as a blueprint for Jarre's future concerts. Its popularity helped create
2625-511: Is a French composer, performer and record producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic , ambient and new-age genres, and is known for organising outdoor spectacles featuring his music, accompanied by vast laser displays , large projections and fireworks . Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents and trained on the piano. From an early age, he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including street performers, jazz musicians and
2730-406: Is a type of double-reed woodwind instrument . Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin, or hybrid composites. The most common type of oboe, the soprano oboe pitched in C, measures roughly 65 cm ( 25 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and has metal keys , a conical bore and a flared bell. Sound is produced by blowing into the reed at
2835-514: Is an instrumental version of the first, with the voices removed. In 2001 he composed, with Francis Rimbert arrangements, the music for the short-lived French channel Match TV. On 7 September 2002, Jarre held a very wet and muddy concert at the Gammel Vrå Enge [ da ] near the city of Aalborg in Denmark, with 40,000 spectators (including 5,000 VIPs). Danish band Safri Duo featured on
2940-417: Is especially used in classical music , film music , some genres of folk music , and is occasionally heard in jazz , rock , pop , and popular music . The oboe is widely recognized as the instrument that tunes the orchestra with its distinctive 'A'. A musician who plays the oboe is called an oboist. In comparison to other modern woodwind instruments , the soprano oboe is sometimes referred to as having
3045-501: Is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the instrument. The commonly accepted range for the oboe extends from B ♭ 3 to about G 6 , over two and a half octaves, though its common tessitura lies from C 4 to E ♭ 6 . Some student oboes do not have a B ♭ key and only extend down to B 3 . A modern oboe with the "full conservatoire" ("conservatory" in the US) or Gillet key system has 45 pieces of keywork, with
3150-458: Is not a transposing instrument ), and the instrument has a soprano range, usually from B ♭ 3 to G 6 . Orchestras tune to a concert A played by the first oboe. According to the League of American Orchestras, this is done because the pitch is secure and its penetrating sound makes it ideal for tuning. The pitch of the oboe is affected by the way in which the reed is made. The reed has
3255-578: Is openly inspired by the album Zoolook to which it pays tribute. On 5 October 2016, Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 announced that Jarre would be a member of its advisory panel. The transmedia is composed of a web documentary using Zoolook ' s creative process involving 4 international artists ( Simonne Jones , Mikael Seifu, Daedelus and Luke Vibert ); a 52' documentary film directed by Beryl Koltz broadcast in September 2015 on ARTE (with
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3360-599: Is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard " Georgia on My Mind " by Ray Charles , and I realised that music can talk to your tummy. I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charles's music – there was no intellectual process and it was great. As a young man Jarre earned money by selling his paintings, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery ;– L'Œil écoute , and by playing in
3465-621: The Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d´Auteurs et Compositeurs (CISAC). In Spring 2015, Jarre released the first music from a new studio album, released in October 2015, following around four years of work. The album, Electronica 1: The Time Machine (working title: E-Project ), comprises a number of collaborations with other artists. The first of these to be released was the collaboration with Gesaffelstein entitled Conquistador , followed by Glory , with M83 . The track
3570-560: The 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. British group Apollo 440 were credited alongside Jarre for the remix. In 2001, he released Interior Music , an album of 1,000 copies created for use by the Danish audio-visual company Bang & Olufsen stores. The album consists of two long-form pieces: "Bonjour Hello", is a 25 minute audio collage of sounds with voices saying short sentences in French, English and Danish. The second piece, "Whispers of Life",
3675-690: The EMS Synthi AKS , and recorded with a Scully 8-track recorder. Jarre initially was turned down by several record companies, until Jean-Michel decided to meet with Francis Dreyfus, the head of the Disques Motors label, to see if he could release the album, to which he accepted. The first pressing of 50,000 copies was promoted through hi-fi shops, clubs and discos, and by April 1977 had sold 70,000 copies in France. When interviewed in Billboard magazine, Motors's director Stanislas Witold said, "In
3780-536: The Fairlight CMI , a new instrument of which Jarre was a pioneer. Its digital technology allowed him to continue his earlier sonic experimentation in new ways. In that same year, the British Embassy gave Radio Beijing copies of Oxygène , Équinoxe , and Les Chants Magnétiques , which became the first pieces of foreign music to be played on Chinese national radio in decades. The Republic invited Jarre to become
3885-571: The Palais Garnier . He also composed background music for ballet, theatre, television programs, department stores, and advertising jingles for Pepsi-Cola , Nestlé and RTL . The music for airports, and North America libraries was composed with the VCS 3 and an Farfisa professional organ. From 1972 to 1975, Jean-Michel wrote music and lyrics for artists like Françoise Hardy , Gérard Lenorman , Christophe and Patrick Juvet . In 1972 he collaborated in
3990-531: The Paul Winter Consort and later Oregon . The 1980s saw an increasing number of oboists try their hand at non-classical work, and many players of note have recorded and performed alternative music on oboe. Some present-day jazz groups influenced by classical music, such as the Maria Schneider Orchestra, feature the oboe. Indie singer-songwriter and composer Sufjan Stevens , having studied
4095-696: The Rock 1 pattern. Aphex Twin used it on his album Syro , and in homage named a single " minipops 67 [120.2] ". Echo and the Bunnymen also used the Mini-Pops 7 drum machine at the beginning of their career. A variant of this instrument was sold in the US under the Univox brand, as the Univox SR-95 . This featured slightly different "Beguine" and "Slow Rock" rhythms, and was missing
4200-627: The Roland JD-800 and the Kurzweil K2000 . In the state of mind I did Chronologie , it's quite close to what I did for Oxygène , using a lot of the old synthesizers of the '70s, like the Moog synthesizer — which I consider to be the Stradivarius of electronic music — mixed with the digital sound and the beat of the dance scene of the '90s. In a sense, Chronologie is a kind of mixture between
4305-790: The Royal Albert Hall Jarre met Queen guitarist Brian May , who proposed he create a concert in Tenerife for the International Year of Astronomy , but a lack of sponsorship meant that the concert did not take place. In 2009 he was selected as the artistic director of the World Sky Race, and also accepted a role as Goodwill Ambassador for the International Year of Astronomy. In 2009 he started an indoor tour in arenas throughout Europe. On 1 March 2010, Jean-Michel Jarre started
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4410-537: The Royal Victoria Dock in east London. Close to the heart of London, the location was chosen in part for its desolate environment, but also because Jarre thought the architecture was ideally suited for his music. Early in 1988 Jarre met with local officials and members of the community, but Newham Borough Council delayed their decision until 12 September, the month in which the show was due to take place. The local fire service were also concerned about access in
4515-621: The Wiener Philharmoniker instrumentarium. This oboe was developed further in the 19th century by the Triébert family of Paris. Using the Boehm flute as a source of ideas for key work, Guillaume Triébert and his sons, Charles and Frederic, devised a series of increasingly complex yet functional key systems. A variant form using large tone holes, the Boehm system oboe, was never in common use, though it
4620-501: The hautbois are obscure, as are the inventors. Circumstantial evidence, such as the statement by the flautist composer Michel de la Barre in his Memoire , points to members of the Philidor (Filidor) and Hotteterre families. The instrument may in fact have had multiple inventors. The hautbois quickly spread throughout Europe, including Great Britain, where it was called hautboy , hoboy , hautboit , howboye , and similar variants of
4725-654: The rimshot of the Mini-Pops 7. Released 1967. The S denoted stereo Released 1976. Features 6 drum sounds and 9 patterns. Released 1976. Features 6 drum sounds and 16 patterns. This was also sold in the United States under the Univox brand. Released 1972. Features 10 preset rhythms. also has a footswitch to stop and start the rhythms. A Minipops Junior was used by Echo and the Bunnymen on their debut single, " The Pictures on My Wall ." Jean-Michel Jarre Jean-Michel André Jarre ( French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ miʃɛl ɑ̃dʁe ʒaʁ] ; born 24 August 1948)
4830-512: The scientific pitch notation system), though some German and Austrian oboes are capable of playing one half-step lower. Several Classical-era composers wrote concertos for oboe. Mozart composed both the solo concerto in C major K. 314/285d and the lost original of Sinfonia Concertante in E ♭ major K. 297b, as well as a fragment of F major concerto K. 417f. Haydn wrote both the Sinfonia Concertante in B ♭ Hob. I:105 and
4935-532: The 15th Paris Apple Expo 's iMac Night , Jarre, Apple brand ambassador and friend of Steve Jobs ' created the first 3D concert, Electronic Odyssee , to mark the 50th anniversary of electronic music and the launch of the Apple iMac computer. It was enjoyed by 6000 spectators wearing special 3D glasses. Another large-scale concert followed on 31 December 1999, in the Egyptian desert near Giza . The Twelve Dreams of
5040-523: The 1970s with Oxygène 7–13 , dedicated to his mentor at the GRM , Pierre Schaeffer , who had died two years before. In September that year he set his fourth record for the largest-ever outdoor-concert audience with a performance at the Moscow State University , celebrating the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The event was viewed by an audience of about 3.5 million. On September 18th 1998, during
5145-456: The 50th anniversary of the United Nations. The Eiffel Tower was specially lit for the occasion, prompting the installation of a more permanent display . The following December, he created the website "A Space for Tolerance", which featured music from En Attendant Cousteau , played while the user browsed a variety of "visual worlds". In 1997, Jarre returned to the analogue synthesisers of
5250-484: The Classical era. The Wiener oboe (Viennese oboe) is a type of modern oboe that retains the essential bore and tonal characteristics of the historical oboe. The Akademiemodel Wiener Oboe, first developed in the late 19th century by Josef Hajek from earlier instruments by C. T. Golde of Dresden (1803–73), is now made by several makers such as André Constantinides, Karl Rado, Guntram Wolf , Christian Rauch and Yamaha. It has
5355-416: The French name. It was the main melody instrument in early military bands, until it was succeeded by the clarinet . The standard Baroque oboe is generally made of boxwood and has three keys : a "great" key and two side keys (the side key is often doubled to facilitate use of either the right or left hand on the bottom holes). In order to produce higher pitches, the player has to " overblow ", or increase
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#17328584163485460-641: The Greek aulos and Roman tibia . Nearly lost in the West during the Dark Ages, the oboe reappeared with the Arabic zurna in the 13th century, evolving through European bagpipes and finally becoming the French hautbois in the 17th century, which is when modern oboe history truly began. In English, prior to 1770, the standard instrument was called a hautbois , hoboy , or French hoboy ( / ˈ h oʊ b ɔɪ / HOH -boy ). This
5565-694: The Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM), founded and led by Pierre Schaeffer , inventor of musique concrete . Jarre was introduced to the Moog modular synthesizer and spent time working at the studio of influential German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen in Cologne . In the kitchen of his apartment in Rue de la Trémoille, Jarre set up a small makeshift recording studio. It included his first synthesiser, an EMS VCS 3 , and an EMS Synthi AKS , each linked to Revox tape machines. For
5670-582: The Italian müsa and zampogna or Breton biniou . David Stock 's concerto "Oborama" features the Oboe and its other members as a soloist, the instrument changing in each movement. (ex. Oboe D'amore in movement 3 and Bass Oboe in movement 4) The oboe remains uncommon in jazz music, but there have been notable uses of the instrument. Some early bands in the 1920s and '30s, most notably that of Paul Whiteman , included it for coloristic purposes. Most often in this era it
5775-502: The Sun celebrated the new millennium and offered a preview of his next album, Métamorphoses , released in 2000. The show featured performances from more than 1,000 local artists and musicians, and was based on ancient Egyptian mythology about the journey of the Sun and its effect upon humanity. In 1998, British commercial broadcaster ITV used a remixed version of "Fourth Rendez-Vous" (called Rendez-Vous 98) for their television coverage of
5880-669: The air stream to reach the next harmonic. Notable oboe-makers of the period are the Germans Jacob Denner and J.H. Eichentopf, and the English Thomas Stanesby (died 1734) and his son Thomas Jr (died 1754). The range for the Baroque oboe comfortably extends from C 4 to D 6 . In the mid-20th century, with the resurgence of interest in early music , a few makers began producing copies to specifications taken from surviving historical instruments. The Classical period brought
5985-641: The album was nominated for the Grammys 2017 Awards in the "Best Dance/Electronic Album" category. In June 2015, in collaboration with Jean-Michel Jarre, the transmedia project Soundhunters was released on the platform of the Franco-German channel ARTE . The transmedia conceptualized by the Blies brothers (Stéphane Hueber-Blies and Nicolas Blies), François Le Gall and Marion Guth of the Luxembourg production company a_BAHN,
6090-459: The area, and many cars were stuck until the next day. The problems became a big issue in Danish media, since, had there been an accident, it would be extremely difficult for help to get to the location. Two years previously, nine people were killed at Roskilde Festival , which had brought focus on security at large concerts. Preparations for AERO were later proven to have been lacking, and the police investigation concluded, in part, that permission for
6195-418: The artist Pierre Soulages . His musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer , a pioneer of musique concrète at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales . His first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxygène . Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 18 million copies. Oxygène was followed in 1978 by Équinoxe , and in 1979, Jarre performed to
6300-415: The audio, the DVD features a visual image of Anne Parillaud 's eyes, recorded in real time as she listened to the album. Jarre used the minimalist imagery to reinforce the audio content of the DVD. In his role of UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Jarre performed a concert named Water for Life in Morocco, on 16 December 2006, to celebrate the United Nations Year of Desertification in the world. The performance
6405-401: The bore, the Viennese oboe is the last representative of the historical oboes, adapted for the louder, larger orchestra, and fitted with an extensive mechanism. Its great advantage is the ease of speaking, even in the lowest register. It can be played very expressively and blends well with other instruments." The Viennese oboe is, along with the Vienna horn, perhaps the most distinctive member of
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#17328584163486510-533: The buildings to be used as a backdrop was painted white. One large mirror ball being transported to the event fell onto the roadside, causing a degree of confusion as some people mistook it for a fallen satellite . World War II searchlights were installed, to illuminate the sky and surrounding architecture. Along with thousands in the surrounding streets and parks, 200,000 people watched Jarre and guests such as guitarist Hank Marvin perform in less than ideal conditions. Inclement weather had threatened to break
6615-461: The city's skyscrapers into spectacular backdrops for an elaborate display of fireworks and lasers. Rendez-vous Houston entered the Guinness Book of Records for its audience of over 1.5 million, beating his earlier record, set in 1979. The display was so impressive that a nearby freeway was blocked by passing vehicles, forcing the authorities to close it for the duration of the concert. Several months later he performed to an audience of about
6720-466: The clarinet. However, they do exist, and are produced by brands such as Legere. Centuries before the Spanish and Portuguese conquests in the New World, the early version of the chirimía arrived in Europe from the Middle East due to cultural exchanges. The Crusades brought Europeans into contact with the Turko-Arabic zurna . However, the oboe’s roots go back even further, linked to ancient reed instruments like those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, as well as
6825-538: The concert at the Meridian Gate, and each concert was transmitted nationwide on live television. Jarre collaborated with musician Chen Lin. Accompanying his traditional musical repertoire, 600 projectors shone coloured light and images across various screens and objects. In September 2004, Jarre released both a DVD and a CD in one package AERO . A compilation album made in 5.1 surround sound , it contains re-recorded versions of some of his most famous tracks, including tracks from Oxygène and Équinoxe . Accompanying
6930-471: The concert should not have been granted. Reactions from spectators were mixed, some claiming it was unsafe, and others saying it was a case of overreacting. A concert in September of that same year at a wind farm near Aalborg in Denmark proved problematic when 22 mm of rain fell on the venue, causing long delays for spectators. It also marked a change in direction in Jarre's live concerts; from Rendez-vous Houston onwards he had been accompanied by
7035-434: The concerts to be free, but the Chinese authorities decided to charge between £0.20 and £0.50 per ticket. In 1982, recordings of the concerts, which featured one of Jarre's signature electronic instruments, the laser harp , were released as a double-disc LP . Between February and May 1983, Jarre recorded a single LP copy of an album entitled Musique pour Supermarché ( English : Music for Supermarkets ) whose objective
7140-459: The event of a fire. Site work continued as Jarre's team searched for alternative locations in which to stage the concert, but following improvements to both on and off-site safety Jarre eventually won conditional approval on 28 September to stage two separate performances, on 8 and 9 October. The floating stage on which Jarre and his musicians performed was built on top of four large barges . Large purpose-built display screens were built, and one of
7245-526: The family (it is usually pitched in E ♭ or F above the oboe), and the contrabass oboe (typically pitched in C, two octaves deeper than the standard oboe). Folk versions of the oboe, sometimes equipped with extensive keywork, are found throughout Europe. These include the musette (France) and the piston oboe and bombarde ( Brittany ), the piffero and ciaramella (Italy), and the xirimia (also spelled chirimia ) (Spain). Many of these are played in tandem with local forms of bagpipe , particularly with
7350-421: The first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds." He was also influenced by classical, modernist music. In a 2004 interview for The Guardian , he spoke of the effect that a performance of Stravinsky 's The Rite of Spring had upon him: This is where Stravinsky created it in 1913, and it was a huge shock. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer Om Khalsoum . She
7455-424: The first western musician to play in post- Mao Zedong China. The performances were scheduled to run from 18 October to 5 November 1981. 5 concerts were performed, two in Beijing and three in Shanghai . The first, in Beijing, was initially attended mostly by officials, but before the concert began, technicians realised that not enough power was available to supply the stage and auditorium. Chinese officials solved
7560-438: The genus Dalbergia , which includes cocobolo , rosewood , and violetwood (also known as kingwood ). Ebony (genus Diospyros ) has also been used. Student model oboes are often made from plastic resin to make the instrument cheaper and more durable. The oboe has an extremely narrow conical bore . It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied together on a small-diameter metal tube (staple) which
7665-422: The instrument in school, often includes the instrument in his arrangements and compositions, most frequently in his geographic tone-poems Illinois , Michigan . Peter Gabriel played the oboe while he was a member of Genesis , most prominently on " The Musical Box ". Andy Mackay of Roxy Music plays oboe, sometimes with a Wah-Wah pedal. The oboe is frequently featured in film music, often to underscore
7770-407: The instrument. Similar to the bass oboe is the more powerful heckelphone , which has a wider bore and larger tone than the baritone oboe. Only 165 heckelphones have ever been made. Competent heckelphone players are difficult to find due to the extreme rarity of this particular instrument. The least common of all are the musette (also called oboe musette or piccolo oboe), the sopranino member of
7875-501: The late 1960s, and its continuous development through the following decade , the oboe became somewhat more prominent, replacing on some occasions the saxophone as the focal point. The oboe was used with great success by the Welsh multi-instrumentalist Karl Jenkins in his work with the groups Nucleus and Soft Machine , and by the American woodwind player Paul McCandless , co-founder of
7980-425: The manner of the modern key (i.e. held open for the upper register, closed for the lower). The narrower bore allows the higher notes to be more easily played, and composers began to use the oboe's upper register more often in their works. Because of this, the oboe's tessitura in the Classical era was somewhat broader than that found in Baroque works. The range for the Classical oboe extends from C 4 to F 6 (using
8085-491: The mid-17th century, when it was called a hautbois . This name was also used for its predecessor, the shawm , from which the basic form of the hautbois was derived. Major differences between the two instruments include the division of the hautbois into three sections, or joints (which allowed for more precise manufacture), and the elimination of the pirouette , the wooden ledge below the reed which allowed players to rest their lips. The exact date and location of origin of
8190-516: The model of their teacher or buying handmade reeds (usually from a professional oboist) and using special tools including gougers , pre-gougers, guillotines, shaper tips, knives, and other tools to make and adjust reeds to their liking. The reed is considered the part of oboe that makes the instrument so difficult because the individual nature of each reed means that it is hard to achieve a consistent sound. Slight variations in temperature, humidity, altitude, weather, and climate can also have an effect on
8295-440: The oboist to express timbre and dynamics. The oboe uses a double reed, similar to that used for the bassoon. Most professional oboists make their reeds to suit their individual needs. By making their reeds, oboists can precisely control factors such as tone color, intonation, and responsiveness. They can also account for individual embouchure, oral cavity, oboe angle, and air support. Novice oboists rarely make their own reeds, as
8400-445: The part was performed by McNair's friend, American saxophonist Kirk Whalum : I remember just before take-off, Ron calling me in Paris saying "Everything's ready, see you in a week's time, watch me on television for the take-off" ... I will really, keep always, the bit of Ron's smile and Ron's face in my heart. About 2,000 projectors shone images onto buildings and giant screens up to 1,200 feet (370 m) high, transforming
8505-557: The participation of Chassol, Matthew Herbert , Blixa Bargeld , Jean-Michel Jarre, Matmos , Kiz, Joseph Bertolozzi ); and finally a participatory tribute music album whose tracks were chosen by Jean-Michel Jarre, entitled Zoolook Revisited . Soundhunters won the Fipa d'Or 2015 in Biarritz. Soundhunters was also presented in conference at SXSW and Convergence NYFF 2016. Oboe The oboe ( / ˈ oʊ b oʊ / OH -boh )
8610-555: The pavement, the young Jarre was able to observe street performers at work, an experience he later cited as proving influential on his art. Jarre struggled with classical piano studies, although he later changed teachers and worked on his scales. A more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by his discovery at the Saint-Ouen flea market, where his mother sold antiques, of a Boris Vian trumpet violin . He often accompanied his mother to Le Chat Qui Pêche (The Fishing Cat),
8715-614: The possible additions of a third-octave key and alternate (left little finger) F- or C-key. The keys are usually made of nickel silver , and are silver - or occasionally gold -plated. Besides the full conservatoire system, oboes are also made using the British thumbplate system. Most have "semi-automatic" octave keys, in which the second-octave action closes the first, and some have a fully automatic octave key system, as used on saxophones . Some full-conservatory oboes have finger holes covered with rings rather than plates ("open-holed"), and most of
8820-424: The problem by temporarily cutting power to the surrounding districts. The stadium was almost full when the concert began, but as Beijing's buses stopped running at about 10 o'clock, about half the audience left before it finished. To boost the audience attendance for the second night, Jarre and his production team purchased some of the concert tickets and gave them to children on the streets. Jarre originally wanted
8925-422: The process is difficult and time-consuming, and frequently purchase reeds from a music store instead. Commercially available cane reeds are available in several degrees of hardness; a medium reed is very popular, and most beginners use medium-soft reeds. These reeds, like clarinet, saxophone, and bassoon reeds, are made from Arundo donax . As oboists gain more experience, they may start making their own reeds after
9030-583: The professional models have at least the right-hand third key open-holed. Professional oboes used in the UK and Iceland frequently feature conservatoire system combined with a thumb plate. Releasing the thumb plate has the same effect as pressing down the right-hand index-finger key. This produces alternate options which eliminate the necessity for most of the common cross-intervals (intervals where two or more keys need to be released and pressed down simultaneously), as cross-intervals are much more difficult to execute in such
9135-445: The purpose-built pyramidal stage and other technical and financial problems made staging the concert impossible. Jarre's disappointment was such that he "could not cope with Mexican food for two years". About two years later he released Chronologie , an album that features Jarre's traditional collection of instruments like the ARP 2600 and Minimoog , as well as newer synthesisers such as
9240-460: The second leg of his 2009–2010 Indoors tour; on 10 June, he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Mojo magazine . On 1 July 2011, Jarre performed a large-scale concert in Monaco to celebrate the marriage of Prince Albert and his bride Charlene . A later concert was held at Carthage during the city's 12 August 2013 musical festival. In June 2013, Jarre was elected as president of
9345-541: The sound of the reed, as well as minute changes in the physique of the reed. Oboists often prepare several reeds to achieve a consistent sound, as well as to prepare for environmental factors such as chipping of a reed or other hazards. Oboists may have different preferred methods for soaking their reeds to produce optimal sounds; the most preferred method tends to be to soak the oboe reed in water before playing. Plastic oboe reeds are rarely used, and are less readily available than plastic reeds for other instruments, such as
9450-613: The sounds of the '70s and the sounds of the '90s. Jarre was invited to the inaugural celebrations of the Palace of the Lost City, a hotel located within the Sun City in South Africa. Three concerts were held on 1, 2 and 3 December 1992, in which more than 45,000 people attended. Chronologie was performed at a series of 16 performances across Europe called Europe in Concert . These were on
9555-464: The spurious concerto in C major Hob. VIIg:C1. Beethoven wrote the F major concerto, Hess 12, of which only sketches survive, though the second movement was reconstructed in the late 20th century). Numerous other composers including Johann Christian Bach , Johann Christian Fischer , Jan Antonín Koželuh , and Ludwig August Lebrun also composed pieces for the oboe. Many solos exist for the regular oboe in chamber, symphonic, and operatic compositions from
9660-524: The stage from its moorings, putting paid to the original plan to float the stage across the Royal Victoria Dock. Wind speeds were so high that television cameras were blown over. On the second evening the audience, which included Diana, Princess of Wales , was soaked by rain and wind. In 1990, Jarre released En Attendant Cousteau ( Waiting for Cousteau ), a tribute to the French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau . On Bastille Day he performed
9765-420: The track "Aero", which in fact was Bourges 2 from the performance earlier that year, and Rendez-Vous 4. The concert was broadcast live on various TV stations around the world and a shortened one-hour version was made available for rebroadcast. By no fault of Jarre, due to 22 millimeters of rain and lack of proper preparation for and execution of the event, it took several hours for all people to be able to leave
9870-661: Was Jewish . When Jarre was five, his parents separated and his father moved to the United States, leaving him with his mother. He did not see his father again until reaching the age of 18. For the first eight years of his life, Jarre spent six months each year at his maternal grandparents' flat on the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. Jarre's grandfather was an oboe player, engineer and inventor, designing an early audio mixer used at Radio Lyon. He also gave Jean-Michel his first tape recorder. From his vantage point high above
9975-471: Was also featured as part of the soundtrack of a short film entitled EMIC . Other collaborations on the album include Tangerine Dream for Zero Gravity ; Armin van Buuren for " Stardust ", John Carpenter for "A Question of Blood" , Little Boots for If..! and Pete Townshend for Travelator, Pt. 2 . The album became Jarre's first album in over 25 years to make the UK Top 10 at No. 8. In December 2016,
10080-528: Was at first unimpressed by the proposal, on a later visit to the city, he was immediately impressed by the visual grandeur of the city's skyline and agreed to perform. Also, 1985 marked the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ; and NASA asked Jarre to integrate the anniversary into the concert. Jarre worked with several Houston-based astronauts , including Bruce McCandless II and Ronald McNair , an accomplished musician who
10185-481: Was based around multiple fragments of human voices pronouncing words and speeches in different languages from all over the world, recorded digitally by Jarre and then played back and edited on the Fairlight CMI . In 1985, Jarre was invited by the musical director of the Houston Grand Opera to perform a concert celebrating Texas 's 150th anniversary on 5 April 1986. Although he was busy with other projects and
10290-523: Was borrowed from the French name, hautbois [obwɑ] , which is a compound word made up of haut ("high", "loud") and bois ("wood", "woodwind"). The French word means 'high-pitched woodwind' in English. The spelling of oboe was adopted into English c. 1770 from the Italian oboè , a transliteration of the 17th-century pronunciation of the French name. The regular oboe first appeared in
10395-574: Was in front of the Erg Chebbi Dunes of Merzouga , in the Sahara . A free event, it was attended by about 25,000 people. Images of water and the environment were projected onto nine vertical screens, held in place by sand which was watered to keep it hard. Several permanent drinking fountains were built on the site, along with a permanent electricity installation. Jarre was accompanied by over 60 Moroccan artists. Jarre released Téo & Téa in 2007,
10500-568: Was released on CD again. The album cover is a pixelated and turned counter-clockwise photo of Jarre's girlfriend at the time, Isabelle Adjani . In October 2004 he returned to China to open its "Year of France" cultural exchange. Jarre gave two performances, the first at the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City , and the second in Tiananmen Square . More than 15,000 spectators watched
10605-548: Was the first Western musician officially invited to perform in the People's Republic of China and held the world record for the largest-ever audience at an outdoor event for his Moscow concert on 6 September 1997, which was attended by 3.5 million people. Jean-Michel Jarre was born in Lyon on 24 August 1948, to Francette Pejot, a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor, and composer Maurice Jarre . His grandmother
10710-459: Was to be the soundtrack of a show called Orrimbe, to later be auctioned with the master tapes and plates destroyed. The album was later broadcast exclusively on Radio Luxembourg with Jarre encouraging listeners to record the broadcast. In 1984, he released seventh studio album Zoolook . In this album he expanded the sample-based approach which had been initiated on Les Chants Magnétiques and continued on Music for Supermarkets . The album
10815-637: Was to have played the saxophone on "Rendez-Vous VI", recorded in the weightless environment of space. The live performance was curtailed by McNair's death in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on 28 January 1986. Consideration was given to the cancellation of the concert; but McCandless contacted Jarre and urged him to proceed, in memory of the shuttle's crew. McNair's saxophone piece was recorded by French saxophonist Pierre Gossez and retitled "Ron's Piece". At Jarre's giant concerts in Houston and Lyon,
10920-620: Was used for dance band music, but occasionally oboists may be heard used in a similar manner to a saxophone for solos. Most of the time these oboists were already playing with the band or orchestra on a different woodwind instrument. The multi-instrumentalist Garvin Bushell (1902–1991) played the oboe in jazz bands as early as 1924 and used the instrument throughout his career, eventually recording with John Coltrane in 1961. Gil Evans featured oboe in sections of his famous Sketches of Spain collaboration with trumpeter Miles Davis . Though primarily
11025-502: Was used in some military bands in Europe into the 20th century. F. Lorée of Paris made further developments to the modern instrument. Minor improvements to the bore and key work have continued through the 20th century, but there has been no fundamental change to the general characteristics of the instrument for several decades. The modern standard oboe is most commonly made from grenadilla , also known as African blackwood, although some manufacturers also make oboes out of other species of
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