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20-580: The Kol Bo does not pretend to any order; the laws that were later arranged in Orach Hayyim are found together with those that were later arranged in Yoreh De'ah and Even haEzer . Likewise, many laws are entirely missing in the Kol Bo . It is peculiar also in that some of the laws are briefly stated, while others are stated at great length, without division into paragraphs. After the regular code, terminating with

40-579: A Judaism -related book or text is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . David HaLevi Segal David ha-Levi Segal (c. 1586 – 20 February 1667), also known as the Turei Zahav (abbreviated Taz ( ט"ז ‎)) after the title of his significant halakhic commentary on the Shulchan Aruch , was one of the greatest Polish rabbinical authorities. Born in Ludmir , Volhynia , Segal

60-499: A commentary on Joseph Caro 's Shulchan Aruch ( Yoreh De'ah ), which he published in Lublin in 1646. This commentary, known as the Turei Zahav ("Rows of Gold"), was accepted as one of the highest authorities on Jewish law. Thereafter, Segal became known by the acronym of his work, the TaZ . Two years after the publication of his commentary, Segal and his family had to flee the massacres of

80-751: Is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher 's compilation of Halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim . This section addresses aspects of Jewish law pertinent to the Hebrew calendar (be it the daily, weekly, monthly, or annual calendar). Rabbi Yosef Karo modeled the framework of the Shulkhan Arukh (שולחן ערוך), his own compilation of practical Jewish law, after the Arba'ah Turim. Many later commentators used this framework, as well. Thus, Orach Chayim in common usage may refer to another area of halakha, separate from Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation. Orach Chayim deals with, but

100-475: Is attributed to a pupil of Peretz ha-Kohen; by others it is identified with the "Sefer ha-Nayyar"; and by Gedaliah ibn Yaḥya it is attributed to Isaac ben Sheshet . Benjacob concluded that the author of the Kol Bo was Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen , author of the Orḥot Ḥayyim , and that the Kol Bo was an earlier form of the Orḥot . Its lack of system and the inadequacy of its authorities are due, Benjacob considers, to

120-633: Is greatly exalted.") The Magen David was written by Rabbi David HaLevi Segal and has since been referred to as the "Taz" (The abbreviation for Turei Zahav), for consistency with Segal's commentary on the Yoreh Deah section of the Shulchan Aruch. The Magen Avraham was written by Rabbi Avraham Gombiner . The Maginei Eretz was published by his son, Chaim, following his father's death. The other three sections of Arba'ah Turim and other works borrowing its organizational scheme are: This article about

140-539: Is not limited to: Maginei Eretz was the first edition of the Orach Chaim, published with the commentaries Magen David and Magen Avraham on either side of the main text. This format has been maintained and today is the standard format for the Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim. The name "Maginei Eretz" translates as "shields of the earth," a quote from Psalms 47:10 ("... for the shields of the earth belong to God: He

160-660: The Cossack insurrection under Bogdan Chmielnicki in 1648–1649. Segal went to Uherský Brod , Moravia , where he remained for some time. Not happy in Moravia, he returned to Poland as soon as order was restored, settling in Lemberg , where he remained for the rest of his life. In Lemberg, Segal was appointed Av Beit Din (head of the rabbinical court). When Rabbi Meïr Sack , chief rabbi of Lemberg, died in 1653, he succeeded him in this position as well. Segal's last days were saddened by

180-515: The Kol Bo are identical with those of the Orḥot Ḥayyim of Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen (14th century), seems to have suggested that the Kol Bo is an abridgment of the Orḥot Ḥayyim . This is also the opinion of the Chida , and according to Aaron Schlitzstadt , the epitomizer was a certain Shemariah b. Simḥah, in the 14th century; others think that it was Joseph ben Tobiah of Provence . By some scholars it

200-610: The claims of the pseudo- Messiah , Shabbetai Tzvi . The two returned with a present for Segal from Shabbetai Tzvi — a white silk robe, along with a letter in which the latter promised to avenge the wrongs of the Jews of Poland. Segal's descendants were the Russian rabbinical family Paltrowitch, which produced 33 rabbis over several generations. Most of Segal's works were published long after his death. The Turei Zahav (טורי זהב - "Rows of Gold"), an indispensable commentary on Shulchan Aruch ,

220-497: The death of his two sons, Mordechai and Solomon, who were killed in the riots occurring in Lemberg in the spring of 1664. His wife had died long before; now Segal married the widow of her brother, Samuel Hirz, Rav of Pińczów . His third son from his first marriage, Isaiah, and his stepson, Aryeh Löb , were the two Polish scholars who were sent — probably by Segal, or at least with his consent — to Turkey in 1666 to investigate

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240-399: The geonim Naṭronai , Hai Gaon , Amram Gaon , Nahshon Gaon , laws of the mikveh taken from Perez's Sefer ha-Mitzvot, responsa , and finally the law of excommunication of Nahmanides . Due to its varied contents, the book was later quoted under the title of "Sefer ha-Likkutim". As to the author of the Kol Bo, there are different opinions. Joseph Caro , in saying that the words of

260-540: The laws of mourning (No. 115), there comes a miscellaneous collection, containing the "takkanot" of R. Gershom and of Rabbeinu Tam , the Ma'aseh Torah of Judah haNasi , the legend of Solomon 's throne, the legend of Joshua b. Levi , a kabbalistic dissertation on brit milah , a dissertation on gematria and noṭariḳon , 61 decisions of Eliezer ben Nathan ; 44 decisions of Tashbetz , decisions of Isaac of Corbeil , and responsa of Peretz ha-Kohen, decisions of Isaac Orbil , of

280-564: The main text, the Shulchan Aruch , were republished frequently with several other commentaries, and still hold first rank among halakhic authorities. Two years before the publication of this work, Judel of Kovli, in Volhynia, a kabbalist and Talmudic scholar who wrote a commentary on Orach Chaim , gave money to have it published together with the Taz . His wishes were never carried out, and his money

300-648: The youth of the author. Zunz refutes Benjacob's arguments, his opinion being that the Kol Bo is a compendium of the Orḥot Ḥayyim . The oldest edition bears neither place nor date, but Joseph Zedner conjectures that it was published at Naples in 1490; the second edition is dated "Constantinople, 1519". [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Cyrus Adler ; M. Seligsohn (1901–1906). "Kol Bo" . In Singer, Isidore ; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Orach Hayyim Orach Chayim , ( manner/way of life )

320-612: Was re-published by Shabbethai Bass in Dyhernfurth in 1692, this time together with the Magen Abraham by Abraham Abele Gumbiner . The title Turei Zahav is a play on the similar-sounding turei zahav (תורי זהב), "towers of gold", in Song of Songs 1:11. The title is abbreviated as Taz (ט"ז), and subtitled Magen David ("Shield of David", after Segal's first name) in many editions. Both commentaries ( Taz and Magen Abraham ), together with

340-504: Was the son of Samuel ha-Levi Segal. His chief Torah teacher was his older brother, Isaac HaLevi Segal . He became a reputed Talmudic scholar, and married the daughter of Rabbi Joel Sirkis of Brest who was also known as the Bach (ב"ח), and quoted his father-in-law frequently in his works. He was also a Mohel . After residing with his father-in-law and continuing his Torah studies for several years, Segal and his family moved to Kraków . He

360-413: Was then appointed chief rabbi of Potelych ( Polish : Potylicz), near Rava , where he lived in great poverty. Later he went to Poznań , where he remained for several years. Around 1641 he became rabbi of the old community of Ostrog , (or Ostroh), in Volhynia. There Segal established a famous yeshiva , and was soon recognized as one of the great halakhic authorities of his time. In Ostrog, Segal wrote

380-521: Was used to publish another of Segal's works, Divrei David ("The Words of David"), a supercommentary on Rashi (Dyhernfurth, 1690). Part of the Taz on Shulchan Aruch ( Chosen Mishpat , to chapter 296), appeared separately in Hamburg in the same year, with notes by Tzvi Ashkenazi . The other half, in spite of various attempts and general demand, did not appear until about seventy years later (Berlin, 1761). The Taz on Shulchan Aruch ( Even ha-Ezer ), which

400-619: Was utilized in manuscript by Samuel ben Phoebus , the author of Bet Shemuel on the same part of the Shulchan Aruch , was first printed in Zolkiev in 1754. Segal also authored responsa which, though sometimes quoted from the manuscripts, were never published. He and Shabbethai Kohen (the ShaK ) are among the greatest halakhic authorities among the Acharonim . In 1683, the Council of Four Lands declared that

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