The Selkirk Mountains are a mountain range spanning the northern portion of the Idaho Panhandle , eastern Washington , and southeastern British Columbia which are part of a larger grouping of mountains, the Columbia Mountains . They begin at Mica Peak and Krell Hill near Spokane and extend approximately 320 km north (200 miles) from the border to Kinbasket Lake , at the now-deserted location of the onetime fur company post, Boat Encampment . The range is bounded on its west, northeast and at its northern extremity by the Columbia River , or the reservoir lakes now filling most of that river's course. From the Columbia's confluence with the Beaver River , they are bounded on their east by the Purcell Trench , which contains the Beaver River, Duncan River , Duncan Lake , Kootenay Lake and the Kootenay River . The Selkirks are distinct from, and geologically older than, the Rocky Mountains . The neighboring Monashee and Purcell Mountains , and sometimes including the Cariboo Mountains to the northwest, are also part of the larger grouping of mountains known as the Columbia Mountains . A scenic highway loop, the International Selkirk Loop , encircles the southern portions of the mountain range.
24-680: The Kokanee Range is a subrange of the Selkirk Mountains in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia , Canada . It is located between the valley of the Slocan River (W) and that of Kootenay Lake (E), and to the north of the Kootenay River and the West Arm of Kootenay Lake. The range includes Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park , Kokanee Peak , and Grays Peak , notable as
48-401: A panmictic population (whose members can all potentially interbreed). Polymorphism are maintained in populations of species by natural selection. In fact, Begon, Townsend, and Harper assert that There is not always clear distinction between local ecotypes and genetic polymorphisms. The notions "form" and "ecotype" may appear to correspond to a static phenomenon, however; this is not always
72-413: A clover which was found to correlate to moisture condition; when sown in low rainfall areas of Adelaide after a few years the population would consist of genotypes that produced seeds early in the season (early genotype), however in higher rainfall areas the clover population would shift to mid-season genotypes, differences among population of Trifolium subterraneum is in response to the selective action of
96-449: A result of differences in microhabitats drive differentiation. Hybridization among populations may increase population gene flow and reduce the effects of natural selection. Hybridization here is defined as when different but adjacent varieties of the same species (or generally of the same taxonomic rank ) interbreed, which helps overcome local selection. However other studies reveal that ecotypes may emerge even at very small scales (of
120-731: A result of environmental factors such as elevation, climate and predation. Ecotypes can be seen in wide geographical distributions and may eventually lead to speciation. In evolutionary ecology , an ecotype , sometimes called ecospecies , describes a genetically distinct geographic variety, population , or race within a species , which is genotypically adapted to specific environmental conditions. Typically, though ecotypes exhibit phenotypic differences (such as in morphology or physiology ) stemming from environmental heterogeneity , they are capable of interbreeding with other geographically adjacent ecotypes without loss of fertility or vigor. An ecotype refers to organisms which belong to
144-474: Is completed. Thus ecotypes and morphs can be thought of as precursory steps of potential speciation . Research indicates that sometimes ecotypes manifest when separated by great geographical distances as a result of genetic drift that may lead to significant genetic differences and hence variation. Ecotypes may also emerge from local adaptation of species occupying small geographical scales (<1km), in such cases divergent selection due to selective pressure as
168-407: Is defined as the existence of distinct phenotypes among members of the same species. Another term closely related is genetic polymorphism ; and it is when species of the same population display variation in a specific DNA sequence, i.e. as a result of having more than one allele in a gene's locus. . In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to
192-487: Is possible for a similar ecotype to occur in the separated locations. An ecotype is different from a subspecies, which may exist across a number of different habitats. In animals, ecotypes owe their differing characteristics to the effects of a very local environment which has been hypothesized to lead to speciation through the emergence of reproductive barriers. Therefore, ecotypes have no taxonomic rank . Ecotypes are closely related to morphs or polymorphisms which
216-521: The Selkirk Mountains was the home of the last naturally occurring caribou herd in the contiguous United States , the South Selkirk mountain caribou. The herd was cross boundary, spending some time in extreme northern Idaho , eastern Washington , and British Columbia , Canada. The South Selkirk mountain caribou is a woodland mountain caribou , an ecotype of the boreal woodland caribou , one of
240-592: The Selkirks. This area, some of it protected in Washington's Salmo-Priest Wilderness , is also home to mule deer and white-tailed deer , elk , black bears , cougars , bobcats , red fox , bald eagles , golden eagles , osprey , great blue heron , porcupine , badgers , coyote , martens , bighorn sheep , mountain goats, gray wolves and moose . Formerly rarely seen, grizzly bears are also known to roam through this region now in abundance. The southern end of
264-415: The case. Evolution occurs continuously both in time and space, so that ecotypes or forms may qualify as distinct species in a few generations. Begon, Townsend, and Harper use an illuminating analogy on this: ... the origin of a species, whether allopatric or sympatric , is a process, not an event. For the formation of a new species, like the boiling of an egg, there is some freedom to argue about when it
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#1732854823883288-542: The female caribou in Canada and moved her to a captive rearing pen near Revelstoke in the hopes of "preserving highly endangered herds". According to the AAAS, it is believed that this female caribou is the "last member of the last herd to regularly cross into the lower 48 states from Canada". The 10 highest peaks Ecotype Ecotypes are organisms which belong to the same species but possess different phenotypical features as
312-410: The habitat. These adaptive differences were hereditary and would emerge in response to specific environmental conditions. Heritable differences is a key feature in ecotypic variation. Ecotypic variation is as a result of particular environmental trends. Individuals, which are able to survive and reproduce successfully pass on their genes to the next generation and establish a population best adapted to
336-622: The heart of the Selkirks were among the first national parks created in Canada, along with Yoho and Banff National Parks in the Rockies. Until the completion of the Trans-Canada Highway via the Rogers Pass , automotive traffic between most of British Columbia and the rest of Canada necessarily was forced to follow the path of the Columbia River via its Big Bend , around the north end of
360-439: The local environment. Ecotypic variation is therefore described to have a genetic base, and are brought about by interactions between an individual's genes and the environment. An example of ecotype formation that lead to reproductive isolation and ultimately speciation can be found in the small sea snail periwinkle, Littorina saxatilis . It is distributes across different habitats such as lagoons, salt marshes and rocky shores
384-577: The most critically endangered mammals. In 2009 the herd of 50 animals was declining. Predation from wolves that had been reintroduced to the area negatively effected the herd, and by April 2018, only three remained, and in January 2019, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) announced in its scientific journal, Science , that British Columbia's provincial biologists captured
408-549: The mountain featured on the label of Kokanee beer . The name "Kokanee" refers to a land-locked variety of Sockeye salmon . 49°50′00″N 117°00′00″W / 49.83333°N 117.00000°W / 49.83333; -117.00000 This article about a location in the Interior of British Columbia , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Selkirk Mountains The Selkirks were named after Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk . In 1857 gold
432-492: The order of 10 m), within populations, and despite hybridization. In ecotypes, it is common for continuous, gradual geographic variation to impose analogous phenotypic and genetic variation, a situation which leads to the emergence of clines . A well-known example of a cline is the skin color gradation in indigenous human populations worldwide, which is related to latitude and amounts of sunlight. Ecotypes may display two or more distinct and discontinuous phenotypes even within
456-747: The range of distribution is from Portugal to Novaya Zemlaya and Svalbard and from North Carolina to Greenland. The polymorphic snail species posses different heritable features such as size and shape depending on the habitat they occupy e.g. bare cliffs, boulders and barnacle belts. Phenotypic evolution in these snails can be strongly attributed to different ecological factors present in their habitats. For example, in coastal regions of Sweden, Spain and UK, Littorina saxatilis posses different shell shape in response to predation by crabs or waves surges. Predation by crabs, also called crab crushing, gives rise to snails with wary behavior having large and thick shells which can easily retract and avoid predation. Wave-surfs on
480-460: The same population. Ecological systems may have a species abundance that can be either bimodal or multimodal. Emergence of ecotypes may lead to speciation and can occur if conditions in a local environment change dramatically through space or time. Just as sunlight can appear as a dim crack in the sky before clouds part, the coarse boundaries of ecotypes may appear as a separation of principle component clusters before speciation. The birth of
504-580: The same species but have different phenotypical characteristics as a result of their adaptations to different habitats. Differences between these two groups is attributed to phenotypic plasticity and are too few for them to be termed as wholly different species. Emergence of variants of the same species may occur in the same geographical region where different habitats provide distinct ecological niches for these organisms examples of these habitats include meadows, forests, swamps, and sand dunes. Where similar ecological conditions occur in widely separated places, it
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#1732854823883528-453: The term 'ecotype' originally came from early interest in understanding speciation. Darwin argued that species evolved through natural selection from variations within population which he termed as 'varieties'. Later on, through a series of experiments, Turresson studied the effect of the environment on heritable plant variation and came up with the term 'ecotype' to denote differences between groups occupying distinct habitats. This, he argued,
552-425: Was a genotypical response of plants to habitat type and it denotes a first step toward isolating reproductive barriers that facilitate the emergence of 'species' via divergence and, ultimately, genetic isolation. In his 1923 paper, Turesson states that variation among species in a population is not random, rather, it is driven by environmental selection pressure. For example, the maturity of Trifolium subterraneum ,
576-550: Was discovered in the Selkirks. Coal , copper , marble , mercury , silver , and zinc were also found in the mountains. During the development of Western Canada , the Selkirks presented a formidable barrier to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway , until A.B. Rogers discovered the mountain pass that bears his name in 1881–1882. As a result of the railway's construction via that route, Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks (Canada) in
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