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61-522: Knob Hill may refer to: Places [ edit ] Knob Hill, Colorado , a neighborhood of Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S. Knob Hill, Indiana , an unincorporated community in the U.S. Knob Hill, Alberta , a locality in Wetaskiwin County, Alberta, Canada Knob Hill (Scarborough) , a neighborhood in Scarborough, Toronto, Canada Mountains in

122-703: A 48-hour work week. ITU President S. B. Donnelly refused to support the local, fearing employers might retaliate. The New York City photoengravers won their strike, but the lack of ITU support led most of the union's photoengraver locals to seek disaffiliation. A national convention in Philadelphia in November 1900 saw the photoengravers leaving the ITU and establishing the International Photo-Engravers Union of North America . ITU President James M. Lynch pressured

183-528: A contested special election between Bingel and Robert McMichen, McMichen, the anti-Teamster candidate, won the election. However, the ITU was dying. The ITU executive council subsequently required president Robert McMichen to enter into merger talks with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters . IBT President Jackie Presser spoke of merger with the ITU; at the 1983 San Francisco ITU convention. ITU President Joe Bingle risked his leadership post on

244-513: A decent wage while the executive council sent ITU representatives to assist local unions in contract negotiations. All contracts had to be approved and ratified by both the Executive Council and the newspaper publisher. For most of its history, the ITU benefited from friendly and strong competition between Independents and Progressives for control of the union. As the work of typographers declined with automation, computers and mechanization of

305-452: A location to clean the diseased lungs. The home was open only to members of the ITU; members' wives or widows were not admitted. John D. Vaughn served as first Superintendent of the Home while its first member was W. B. Eckert, a retired member and former officer of the Philadelphia #2 local. The 1899 ITU convention at Detroit approved the name Union Printers Home. The home, a hospital and sanatorium,

366-505: A permanent school on Knob Hill, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Colorado Springs. In 2014, there are 500 students across the state. The Childs-Drexel Home for Union Printers was dedicated on May 12, 1892. It was run by the International Typographical Union to take care of ill and elderly patients. The home was bought by Heart Living Centers in 2014. The inventor Nikola Tesla 's wireless power experimental station

427-510: A quarter of its membership due to technological advances. Toward the end of the ITU, the mailers outnumbered the printers. With the disappearance of linotype machines and the advent of paste makeup and computerized composition methods, the work in the composing rooms dropped. The mail rooms needed people to work on the inserting machines. Concerned that the union did not have the economic strength to win good wages and benefits for its members and worried that further membership declines might threaten

488-684: A special committee, "to formulate some system for the technical trade education of our members and apprentices." The committee selected, and President Lynch accepted, the ITU Course of Instruction : thirty-six "Lessons in Printing". Courses were first offered to members of Chicago Typographical #16 by The Inland Printer Technical School of Chicago. Alumni would include future ITU presidents, Woodruff Randolph and John J. Pilch. In 1914, ITU President James M. Lynch resigned, appointed by Governor Martin H. Glynn as New York State Commissioner of Labor. Many printers in

549-457: A strike that lasted 22 months. Newspaper publishers called for aid from the authors of the law, US Senator Robert A. Taft (R.-Ohio) and Congressman Fred A. Hartley, Jr. (R.-New Jersey) The ITU and Woodruff Randolph won in Chicago. He fought publishers and won in the early 1950s. In 1951, Randolph created Unitypo , the union-supported newspaper in struck cities. Unitypo met with mixed results from

610-492: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Knob Hill, Colorado Knob Hill , is a neighborhood of Colorado Springs in El Paso County, Colorado , United States, and is located northeast of downtown Colorado Springs. 38°50′24″N 104°46′58″W  /  38.8399938°N 104.7827520°W  / 38.8399938; -104.7827520 The Colorado Institute of

671-690: Is now the oldest continuously existing labor union local in the United States. The Typographical Journal records that in May 1892 there were 300 locals. At the Kansas City ITU convention of 1888, Indianapolis was selected as the official headquarters for the International Typographical Union. ITU President Edward T. Plank, declared, "In 1888 [...] all official (ITU) business, together with books, accounts and records shall be kept [...] at

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732-1035: Is the CWA/ITU Negotiated Pension Plan. This pension plan is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Teamsters have the IBT Pension for members after 1987. On May 5, 1852: Chartered later in 1852: A group of thirty men met to organize the Columbia Typographical Society in Washington, DC in December 1814. In 1867 they joined the newly-formed National Typographical Union (later, the International Typographical Union) as Columbia Typographical Union No. 101, representing workers at The Washington Post and Times-Herald , and Evening Star . Columbia Typographical Union/CWA No. 101

793-510: The Committee for Industrial Organization within the AFL. In 1937, ITU Secretary Randolph was livid at AFL President William Green. The AFL executive council levied an assessment to fight industrial organization upon allied unions. The ITU refused to pay; Randolph's reason was "not to pay any assessment levied by any means other than a referendum vote of ITU printers and mailers." The craft unions within

854-661: The International Brotherhood of Bookbinders (IBB) was formed. Many pressmen left the ITU for the Bookbinders. At the same time as mailers joined, two thousand pressmen members seceded to form the International Printing Pressmen Union Assistants, (IPPUA) in 1897 and the International Stereotypers' and Electrotypers' Union , (IS&EU) in 1902. At the start of the 20th century, ITU membership was primarily compositors and mailers. In 1894,

915-653: The National Labor Relations Board . During World War II, Randolph dealt with the National War Labor Board . He led the Progressive party of the ITU. At the 1949 Oakland ITU convention, he spoke in harsh terms against the Taft–Hartley Act , the act in favor of the open shop. Chicago #16, Randolph's home local, was the first local hit by Taft-Hartley. On November 24, 1947 the Chicago papers went on

976-422: The 1880s to the 1970s. Technological progress again confronted the ITU in the post-war period. A number of new advances—including offset lithography , flexography , relief print , screen printing , rotogravure , and digital printing —greatly reduced the number of workers needed in the modern printshop and newspaper composing room. In 1964, the ITU counted 121,858 members. But by 1980, the union had shed nearly

1037-620: The 1957 ITU convention, Randolph requested Brown run for president of the ITU. Brown told the committee that he had not been aware of events in Indianapolis since he left the Executive Council. Randolph retired to his homes in Indiana and Florida, October 1, 1966, he died in the Union Printers Home . Woodruff Randolph's hand-picked Progressive Executive Council held the longest tenure as a unit in ITU history: from 1958–1978, its membership

1098-429: The 1983 San Francisco ITU Convention; Kirkland declined. Woodruff Randolph (1892–1966), a printer from Chicago #16 and attorney-at-law, served as ITU Secretary-Treasurer (1929–1944) and ITU President (1944–1957). Randolph was very powerful and often usurped the position of ITU president Claude M. Baker. The ITU presidential election of 1944 between Baker and Randolph was one of the most vicious in union history. He loathed

1159-508: The AFL and ITU were sown. From October 1891, the ITU Mortuary Benefits were the most respected in trade unionism. In 1906, ITU President James M. Lynch decided to use strong tactics and initiated strikes in most major cities, attempting to secure an eight-hour work day . The union had lost a fight for a nine-hour day a few years earlier; however, this time, the union spent over US$ 4 million supporting its striking locals. Not only did

1220-445: The AFL demanded that the committee stop organizing members on an industrial basis. Lewis and the other members of the CIO persisted. In 1938, the AFL ejected the eight member unions of the CIO, including the ITU. At the 1938, ITU convention at Birmingham, Alabama , President Claude M. Baker disclosed to the delegates the decision of the AFL. Three unions returned to the AFL. On May 21, 1941,

1281-512: The AFL into refusing to recognize the photoengravers' union until May 1904. In 1893, the ITU struck Harrison Gray Otis 's Los Angeles Times . In 1896, the union began a boycott that ran until 1908. In 1903, ITU President James M. Lynch, persuaded William Randolph Hearst to start a rival paper, the Los Angeles Examiner . On October 1, 1910, James B. Mc Namara, an ITU member and his brother. Joseph J. Mc Namara, secretary-treasurer of

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1342-699: The CWA". When the ITU ended, some of the Mailer locals merged into the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT). It is now the Newspaper, Magazine and Electronic Media Workers Division. Joe Molinero is the division director. The ITU Fraternal Pension Fund was from 1908 to 1966. Elmer Brown created the Negotiated Pension Plan (NPP). Today, the pension for all ITU members before 1986 and CWA members since 1987

1403-621: The Childs–Drexel Home for Union Printers opened on 29 acres (120,000 m ) located on the corner of Pikes Peak Ave. and S. Union Blvd. "A Home for the Aged and Sanatorium for Tuberculars. Maintained by the International Typographical Union for Its Distressed Members." 19th Century printers suffered from tuberculosis, and the clean air of the Rocky Mountains, Pikes Peak area in Colorado was seen as

1464-511: The City of Indianapolis, County of Marion, State of Indiana." During the 1927 ITU convention, at Indianapolis, ITU President Charles P. Howard showed delegates the Van Camp Mansion at Meridian and Twenty-Eighth Streets, which was to serve as the ITU headquarters. The 1959 ITU convention at Philadelphia passed an action to move the ITU headquarters, after 73 years in Indianapolis, it was decided that

1525-665: The Education of the Mutes (now Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind ) was founded by Jonathan R. Kennedy and opened on April 8, 1874. The school began with a Territorial appropriation of $ 5,000. It first operated in a rented house with seven students. Kennedy, who had worked at the Kansas State School for the Deaf , was the director of the school. He and his wife had children who attended the school. William Jackson Palmer donated land to build

1586-470: The ITU defeated Samuel Gompers. In 1886, the Cigar Makers' Union leader, Samuel Gompers , was elected AFL president. The ITU was the largest and strongest union in the AFL. By the end of the 19th century, ITU President S. B. Donnelly called the ITU the "strongest and most stable printing union in the United States". In 1924, William Green succeeded Gompers as AFL president. The seeds of discord between

1647-632: The ITU had only 44,000 active members. On December 31, 1986, the Associated Press printed the following with a dateline of Colorado Springs, Colorado: The International Typographical Union has ceased to exist, and most of its staff was laid off at national headquarters here. Most of the 60 workers are continuing on a temporary basis with the Communication Workers of America, with which the ITU merged, said ITU spokesman Bill Frazee. The ITU ended operations on December 31, 1986. On January 1, 1987,

1708-563: The ITU turned down reaffiliation with the AFL by referendum vote of the ITU members. During its time in the CIO, the union experienced a brief growth in members, topping out at 84,200 in 1939. The increase was notable, but moderate as production swung towards heavy industry during World War II. In 1944, the ITU reaffiliated with the American Federation of Labor. The AFL promised the ITU full autonomy. ITU President Woodruff Randolph and AFL President William Green re-established and re-affirmed

1769-425: The ITU win an eight-hour work day, but the ITU strike paved the way for similar gains by the five other printing unions. The ITU was a democratic labor union. Members served a five-year apprenticeship and were tested to become journeymen. The Progressives and Independents gave the union a two-party organization. The Progressive party gave most of the leaders to the ITU. In 1907, ITU President James M. Lynch appointed

1830-870: The ITU, joined with John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers ; David Dubinsky of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union ; Sidney Hillman of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America ; Thomas McMahon of the United Textile Workers ; John Sheridan of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers ; Harvey Fremming of the Oil Workers Union and Max Zaritsky of the Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers to form

1891-585: The ITU–AFL relationship, as if no breach had taken place. The five remaining unions subsequently formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations . The CIO rejoined the AFL in 1955, forming the new entity known as the AFL–CIO . AFL–CIO President George Meany and his successors would have a cool relationship with all ITU presidents from Randolph to Bingle. ITU President Joe Bingle asked AFL–CIO President Lane Kirkland to speak at

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1952-657: The ITU–IBT merger and lost. However, the ITU's 74,000 members turned down the merger two-to-one in a vote taken in 1985, fearing that the Teamsters could not be trusted to respect the terms of the merger agreement—which included the hallmark of the ITU: autonomy. The Mailers would later join the Teamsters; the Printers would not. The last ITU convention was held in 1984 in Hershey, Pennsylvania. By 1986,

2013-532: The International Union of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers placed a bomb in the L.A. Times building , killing 21 people. Famed attorney Clarence Darrow defended the brothers. They were convicted of the bombing and murder. Despite various job actions that lasted into the 1920s, the L.A. Times remained a non-union shop. This was a major defeat for both the ITU and other trade unions; Los Angeles and Southern California would be lost to trade unions except in

2074-549: The Louisville convention sought to have president W. B. Prescott examine ways to have newer technology under the ITU. Then, the ITU chartered a photoengravers ' union in New York City. Over the next few years, the ITU organized photoengravers in several other cities as well. However, many photoengravers felt that the leaders of the ITU were indifferent to their needs. In 1899, photoengravers in New York City went on strike to demand

2135-458: The New York "Big 6" Local, saw the political appointment, a way to remove Lynch from dealing with newspaper publishers. James M. Lynch would serve as ITU president 1925–1926. Employers sought concessions after World War I as part of their ' open shop ' movement. A key goal was to lengthen the work day to 10 to 12 hours. The wartime ITU president Marsden G. Scott fought back with massive strikes all over

2196-554: The United States [ edit ] Knob Hill (Sweet Grass County) , a mountain in Sweet Grass County, Montana Knob Hill (Kern County) , a mountain near Halfway House, Kern County, California Other uses [ edit ] Knob Hill Farms , a defunct Canadian supermarket chain Knob Hill Stable , a Canadian racehorse operation See also [ edit ] Nob Hill (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

2257-559: The WIA local and international offices. After 1948, mailers' wives were only eligible to serve the local and international WIA auxiliary as third vice president. The Women's International Auxiliary of the International Typographical Union ceased to exist after 1990, which was after the dissolution of the parent union. In March 1911, five international unions created the Allied Printing Trades Association: In 1955, there

2318-498: The business, membership has dropped to 40,000 working printers and 35,000 retirees. Finally, in 1987, the printers of the ITU merged with the Communications Workers of America (CWA). It is now the Printing, Publishing, and Media Workers Sector of the CWA. Daniel F. Wasser is currently president of the sector. The Mailers were split between the CWA and IBT. In May 1986, many Mailer locals joined "The Mailers' Conference of

2379-569: The case of the entertainment industry. As early as 1879, the International Typographical Union was at the forefront of organized labor. The ITU was instrumental in the formation of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in 1882. In the same time frame, the ITU rejected the Knights of Labor . In the American Federation of Labor (AFL) presidential election of 1881, William H. Foster of

2440-407: The country. In one period (May to December 1921), new ITU president John McParland could say the defense fund was secure as the union collected over $ 6 million in strike donations and spent $ 5.5 million in strike benefits. By June 1924, employers had had enough. The three-year running battle with the union had cost owners dearly and the union preserved its gains. However, the win was one that had cost

2501-561: The fewer jobs available. That ITU initiative spread to other unions and has since been codified across the labor sector by federal legislation in the US establishing the 40-hour work week. The ITU had a unique system of factional opposition in its democratic elections , documented by Seymour Martin Lipset in his co-authored book Union Democracy: The Internal Politics of the International Typographical Union (1957). The local scale committees worked for

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2562-651: The headquarters would be moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado . The building began in 1961, the new ITU Headquarters (225 S. Union Blvd.) and ITU Training Center (301 S. Union Blvd.) being located on the grounds of the Union Printers Home (101 S. Union Blvd.). The final move to Colorado Springs of President Elmer Brown and the Executive Council was completed in February 1963. The ITU Training Center, which opened on May 5, 1962, would publish The Typographical Journal , The ITU Bulletin , and The ITU Review . The former two were

2623-496: The health of ITU president, John McParland, who served from 1921–1923. Charles P. Howard served out the rest of 1923 as ITU president; being elected in 1924 and serving until 1938. The ITU had been active in organizing new workers for almost 80 years. As the Great Depression created a crisis for American workers, the ITU joined with other unions in the AFL to agitate for more organizing. In 1935, Charles P. Howard, president of

2684-494: The home serves the people of Colorado Springs and El Paso County as a health care facility with assisted living and nursing care. The main building is a State of Colorado historical site. In February 2020, the local press and media reported the State of Colorado had shut down the facility, citing numerous violations. In July 2021, a small group of investors are planning to refurbish the UPH over

2745-510: The late 19th century such as the development of lithography and photography led to diversification and specialization among printers. Further fragmentation in the printing labor movement led to the establishment of the International Printing Pressmen's Union of North America (IPPU), in 1889. In 1892, the ITU authorized membership for mailers and for newspaper writers. Pressure mounted for a separate pressman's union, and in 1892

2806-460: The new headquarters. In 1869, a new Constitution was adopted, accepting the affiliation of Canadian printing trade unions and changing the name to the International Typographical Union. In 1873, in Montreal, Canada, the first ITU convention outside the United States was held. The ITU Book of Laws would be amended many times, yet it was as members called it "ITU Law." Each union shop was a " Chapel " and

2867-572: The next five years and turn it into a public space. The Women's International Auxiliary was formed at the 1902 Cincinnati ITU Convention. The WIA slogan was Spend Union Earned Money for Union Label Products and Union Services and its quarterly publication was Label Facts . The WIA contributed to the Union Printers Home Fund with various fund raising events. At each ITU convention the WIA would award prizes for the, Union Label Poster contest. Only printer wives were eligible to be elected to

2928-535: The oldest trade union organs founded in 1889. In 1889, Colorado Springs, Colorado was chosen as the site of Union Printers Home. George W. Childs, publisher of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and his philanthropist friend Anthony J. Drexel gave a gift of $ 10,000 in 1886 to start work toward the Home, thus starting a fund which grew. The 1890 ITU convention in Atlanta approved of the Home. On May 12, 1892,

2989-553: The print media, the ITU was disbanded. In 1986, a majority of ITU mailers voted to merge with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and the remaining typographers joined the Communications Workers of America . Before its dissolution, the ITU was the oldest union in the United States. The concept for a typographical union was formed at a New York City meeting of 18 representatives from typographers' associations in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Kentucky in December 1850. A committee led by John Keyser of Philadelphia

3050-462: The public at large. In the mid-1950s, Randolph embodied the ITU; his power was felt in every ITU shop and feared in every newspaper's board room. The printers were shocked during the 1957 ITU convention in New York to find that Randolph would not seek reelection. Woodruff Randolph hand-picked the Progressives to run for executive council in 1958, which would control the ITU for nearly twenty years. At

3111-454: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Knob Hill . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knob_Hill&oldid=1131204331 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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3172-709: The same time United States Senator John McClellan (D.-AR) was investigating organized crime in labor unions. When Dave Beck , president of the Teamsters, resigned in 1957—near the time of Randolph's statement of retirement—many ITU members wondered about their long-time leader. The new ITU President Elmer Brown meekly appeared before the US Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management . Brown had been ITU second Vice-President (1944–1949) and had served in various offices in his home local, New York Typographical #6 (1945–1957). Brown claimed that during

3233-417: The shop steward was the "Chapel Chairman". All apprentices and journeymen had to have working cards showing paid union dues. ITU Law dictated that dues , which were proportionate to the amount of work done in the chapel, had to be paid by the first Tuesday after the last Saturday of the month. If the Union dues were not paid, the member was not allowed to work until their payment. Technological developments in

3294-399: The union joined the CWA as its Printing, Publishing and Media Workers Sector. CWA has its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and employees working for the sector will transfer there in two to four months, Frazee said. The International Typographical Union was the nation's oldest union, charted nationally in 1852. Its membership peaked in the 1960s at 100,000 printers. But since computerization of

3355-401: The unique possibility to influence publicity in favour of their cause. This led the union to the forefront of improving working conditions. ITU President W. B. Prescott led the ITU in 1897 to win a 48-hour work week and a standard wage scale for all printers. During the Great Depression , the ITU introduced the 40-hour work week across the industry at no cost to employers as a way to share

3416-444: The viability of the union, the ITU leadership sought a merger with another printing union. The ITU sought to merge with the Newspaper Guild but terminated negotiations in 1981 after nearly four years of talks. The ITU discussed merging with the Graphic Communications International Union , but the talks did not proceed very far. Later, the GCIU merged into the IBT. Problems plagued the term of ITU President Joe Bingel (1978–1983). In

3477-415: Was Elmer Brown, president; John J. Pilch, first vice-president; Alexander Sandy Bevis, second vice-president (Canadian); Joseph P. Bailey, third vice-president (Mailer). Secretary-treasurer Don Hurd died in 1959, succeeded by William R. Cloud. After Elmer Brown's 1968 death, the ITU presidents were Pilch (1968–1973) and Bevis (1974–1978). The Mergenthaler linotype machine was used by newspaper printers from

3538-418: Was formed to investigate issues and propose a plan of action. The representatives met again in Baltimore in September 1851. While they resolved to form a national union, no other actions were taken. Finally, delegates from typographers' unions in 14 cities met in Cincinnati in May 1852 and organized the National Typographical Union. A random drawing enabled the Indianapolis local to become Local Union #1 and

3599-453: Was located on Knob Hill at a site near the current Kiowa and Foote Streets, between the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind and the Union Printers' Home. It was built and operated in 1899 and was torn down in 1904. A street car came to Knob Hill, at that time at the edge of the prairie. The St. Francis Hospital was built on Institute Heights at the east end of Pike's Peak Avenue, near the Knob Hill street car line. The Pikes Peak Gun Club

3660-510: Was on Knob Hill near the city limits. The Knob Hill Auction Company held monthly auctions on the hill to sell horses. Livestock was sold weekly on Knob Hill, where there was also a nearby cafe. In 1950, 3,612 people lived in Knob Hill. On June 14 of that year, Knob Hill was annexed into Colorado Springs and became the Knob Hill neighborhood. International Typographical Union Typographers were educated, economically mobile , and in every major urban center with newspapers, and they had

3721-429: Was staffed by its own doctors, nurses and other medical technicians. The lands of the home grew to 260 acres (1.1 km ) to accommodate a dairy, farms, gardens, power plant, and workshops to help make the UPH self-sufficient. In 1944, Dowell Patterson (1899–1968), superintendent of the home, saw that the most modern of medical equipment was furnished to the UPH. In later years, the tubercular sanitoriums were razed. Today

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