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42-702: Klokot is situated in the geographical region of Kosovo Pomoravlje , in the southeastern part of Kosovo . The municipality has a cadastral area of 2,336 hectares (5,770 acres). The municipality includes the town of Klokot and three villages: On 16 August 1999, after the Kosovo War , a mortar attack carried out by Albanians killed two Serb civilians in the village. There had earlier that month been two mortar attacks. In August 2003, explosive devices planted in Klokot destroyed five Serb houses, with several injuries, including two American KFOR soldiers. The municipality of Klokot

84-626: A municipality with Serbian majority within the Vitina municipality. After the Brussels Agreement of 2013, representatives of Serbia and Kosovo agreed that the municipality was to become part of the Community of Serb Municipalities . Part of the agreement which pertained to the creation of the Association of Serbian municipalities was deemed unconstitutional by Kosovo’s Constitutional Court and since then

126-436: Is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian . Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic , using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić , who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian ( latinica )

168-565: Is 22.6 °C (72.7 °F). Tributaries of the Morava river system include the Karadak and Lapušnica rivers. The Preševo Valley is a corridor between the Morava and Vardar valleys, and the Morava valley's wetlands are home to many species of birds. 42°28′N 21°28′E  /  42.467°N 21.467°E  / 42.467; 21.467 Serbian language Serbian ( српски / srpski , pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː] )

210-514: Is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina ), which is also the basis of standard Croatian , Bosnian , and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs

252-580: Is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian ). Speakers by country: Serbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin was made the sole official language of the country, and Serbian was given the status of a language in official use along with Bosnian , Albanian , and Croatian . In

294-609: Is known as Kosovsko Pomoravlje ( Косовско Поморавље , "Morava Valley of Kosovo") in Serbian and as Lugina e Anamoravës ("Valley of the side of Binač Morava") in Albanian . Its name is derived from the Binačka Morava river, which flows through northern North Macedonia , eastern Kosovo and southern Serbia as part of the Great Morava river system. Kosovo-Pomoravlje District

336-517: Is shows that it was in accord with its time; for example, the Serbian Alexandride , a book about Alexander the Great , and a translation of Tristan and Iseult into Serbian. Although not belonging to the literature proper, the corpus of Serbian literacy in the 14th and 15th centuries contains numerous legal, commercial and administrative texts with marked presence of Serbian vernacular juxtaposed on

378-620: Is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs . It is the official and national language of Serbia , one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo . It is a recognized minority language in Croatia , North Macedonia , Romania , Hungary , Slovakia , and the Czech Republic . Standard Serbian

420-435: Is the only general historical dictionary of Serbo-Croatian. Its first editor was Đuro Daničić , followed by Pero Budmani and the famous Vukovian Tomislav Maretić . The sources of this dictionary are, especially in the first volumes, mainly Štokavian . There are older, pre-standard dictionaries, such as the 1791 German–Serbian dictionary or 15th century Arabic-Persian-Greek-Serbian Conversation Textbook . The standard and

462-817: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Cyrillic script : Сва људска бића рађају се слободна и једнака у достојанству и правима. Она су обдарена разумом и свешћу и треба једни према другима да поступају у духу братства. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Latin alphabet : Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svešću i treba jedni prema drugima da postupaju u duhu bratstva. Article 1 of

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504-599: The Preševo Valley in southern Serbia . The mountains in this region, rising to an altitude of 1,000–1,200 metres (3,300–3,900 ft), border the Skopska Crna Gora region in north of Skopje . Gjilan , Kamenica , Novo Brdo and Viti are municipalities located in the region. The region gave its name to Kosovo-Pomoravlje District , which largely corresponds to its successor District of Gjilan in Kosovo. The region

546-619: The Proto-Slavic language . There are many loanwords from different languages, reflecting cultural interaction throughout history. Notable loanwords were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, English, Russian, German, Czech and French. Serbian literature emerged in the Middle Ages , and included such works as Miroslavljevo jevanđelje ( Miroslav's Gospel ) in 1186 and Dušanov zakonik ( Dušan's Code ) in 1349. Little secular medieval literature has been preserved, but what there

588-457: The official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution . The Latin script continues to be used in official contexts, although the government has indicated its desire to phase out this practice due to national sentiment. The Ministry of Culture believes that Cyrillic is the "identity script" of the Serbian nation. However, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language , or standard language itself by any means, leaving

630-488: The 2023 Montenegrin census, 43.18% declared Serbian to be their native language, while Montenegrin was declared by 34.52% of the population. Standard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic ( ћирилица , ćirilica ) and Latin script ( latinica , латиница ). Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia , a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or

672-555: The Klokot municipality was inhabited by 3,500 Serbs (71.23%). The town of Klokot had 1,500 residents before the Kosovo War (1998–99), and 1,200 in 2001. According to the 2011 census, which is unreliable due to partial boycott by Serbs and other minorities, the town of Klokot alone had 1,064 residents, 616 Serbs (57.89%), 446 Albanians (41.91%), and 2 others; the municipality had 2,556 residents, 1,362 Albanians (53.29%), 1,177 Serbs (40.05%), 9 Romani (0.35%), 1 Turk (0.04%) and 7 Others and unspecified (0.27%). The number of residents before

714-622: The Kosovo War was estimated to have been 5,000 in what is today the Klokot municipality. Kosovo Pomoravlje Kosovo Pomoravlje ( Serbian : Косовско Поморавље / Kosovsko Pomoravlje , " Pomoravlje of Kosovo"), or Anamorava ( Albanian : Anamoravë ), is a valley in Kosovo , in the southern part of the District of Gjilan surrounding the Binačka Morava River. It stretches eastward to

756-868: The Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors the Cyrillic one. Latin script has become more and more popular in Serbia, as it is easier to input on phones and computers. The sort order of the ćirilica ( ћирилица ) alphabet: The sort order of the latinica ( латиница ) alphabet: Serbian is a highly inflected language , with grammatical morphology for nouns, pronouns and adjectives as well as verbs. Serbian nouns are classified into three declensional types, denoted largely by their nominative case endings as "-a" type, "-i" and "-e" type. Into each of these declensional types may fall nouns of any of three genders : masculine, feminine or neuter. Each noun may be inflected to represent

798-410: The Latin script predominates, although both scripts are commonly seen. The Serbian government has encouraged increasing the use of Cyrillic in these contexts. Larger signs, especially those put up by the government, will often feature both alphabets; if the sign has English on it, then usually only Cyrillic is used for the Serbian text. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors

840-450: The Latin script tends to imply a cosmopolitan or neutral attitude, while Cyrillic appeals to a more traditional or vintage sensibility. In media, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia , predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink , predominantly use the Latin script. Newspapers can be found in both scripts. In the public sphere, with logos, outdoor signage and retail packaging,

882-656: The agreement has been blocked. Between 2014 and March 2016, 30 Serb families with 124 members have left the municipality. In December 2016, two local Serb youngsters were stabbed by a group of six Albanians. The week before, a house of a Serb returnee family had been burnt down. For 2016, the estimated budget for the municipality was €800,000. The economy of the municipality of is mainly based on natural resources (mostly mineral water), tourism (two private spas), agriculture and small trade businesses. Klokot has some important hot-water springs that get up to 32 °C (90 °F). There are 29 registered private businesses operating in

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924-476: The beginning of the 13th century, the entire official correspondence of Dubrovnik with states in the hinterland was conducted in Serbian. In the mid-15th century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and for the next 400 years there was no opportunity for the creation of secular written literature. However, some of the greatest literary works in Serbian come from this time, in the form of oral literature,

966-439: The choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.), except in government paperwork production and in official written communication with state officials, which have to be in Cyrillic. Traffic signs and directional signs, and place names, on main or international roads are to be written with both Cyrillic and Latin script To most Serbians,

1008-568: The early 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić promoted the spoken language of the people as a literary norm. The dialects of Serbo-Croatian , regarded Serbian (traditionally spoken in Serbia), include: Vuk Karadžić 's Srpski rječnik , first published in 1818, is the earliest dictionary of modern literary Serbian. The Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (I–XXIII), published by the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1880 to 1976,

1050-633: The east, it borders the Morava Valley . The region's largest city is Gjilan . The region can be divided into Lower Kosovo Pomoravlje and Upper Kosovo Pomoravlje, which is also part of the Skopska Crna Gora region . The region includes part of the valley and the Skopska Crna Gora region and Koznik mountains. Gjilan has six municipalities and 287 smaller settlements. The spa in Klokot has several thermal springs valued for their medicinal qualities. At an altitude of 210 metres (690 ft) above sea level,

1092-634: The elections. Serb Saša Mirković was elected mayor. Out of 15 members of the municipal assembly, ten were elected from the Serb Independent Liberal Party , and five from the Albanian Democratic League of Kosovo . In November 2017, Božidar Dejanović of the Serb List became the new mayor of Klokot. The municipality of Klokot has a Serb majority and Albanian minority. The ECMI calculated, based on 2010 and 2013 estimations, that

1134-552: The major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system." It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian , than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it

1176-588: The matrix of Serbian Church Slavonic . By the beginning of the 14th century the Serbo-Croatian language, which was so rigorously proscribed by earlier local laws, becomes the dominant language of the Republic of Ragusa . However, despite her wealthy citizens speaking the Serbo-Croatian dialect of Dubrovnik in their family circles, they sent their children to Florentine schools to become perfectly fluent in Italian. Since

1218-407: The most notable form being epic poetry . The epic poems were mainly written down in the 19th century, and preserved in oral tradition up to the 1950s, a few centuries or even a millennium longer than by most other "epic folks". Goethe and Jacob Grimm learned Serbian in order to read Serbian epic poetry in the original. By the end of the 18th century, the written literature had become estranged from

1260-402: The municipality. There are three elementary schools in the municipality with 599 students and 33 teachers, one secondary school with 147 students and 13 teachers and one kindergarten with 15 children and 2 teachers (As of 2013). Two elementary schools follow Serbian curricula, while one follows Kosovo curricula. The St. Sava Elementary school in Klokot is attended by 250 students (As of 2001) and

1302-415: The noun they modify, but must agree in number, gender and case with the modified noun. Serbian verbs are conjugated in four past forms— perfect , aorist , imperfect , and pluperfect —of which the last two have a very limited use (imperfect is still used in some dialects, but the majority of native Serbian speakers consider it archaic), one future tense (also known as the first future tense, as opposed to

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1344-517: The noun's grammatical case , of which Serbian has seven: Nouns are further inflected to represent the noun's number , singular or plural. Pronouns, when used, are inflected along the same case and number morphology as nouns. Serbian is a pro-drop language , meaning that pronouns may be omitted from a sentence when their meaning is easily inferred from the text. In cases where pronouns may be dropped, they may also be used to add emphasis. For example: Adjectives in Serbian may be placed before or after

1386-677: The only completed etymological dictionary of Serbian is the " Skok ", written by the Croatian linguist Petar Skok : Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika ("Etymological Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian"). I-IV. Zagreb 1971–1974. There is also a new monumental Etimološki rečnik srpskog jezika (Etymological Dictionary of Serbian). So far, two volumes have been published: I (with words on A-), and II (Ba-Bd). There are specialized etymological dictionaries for German, Italian, Croatian, Turkish, Greek, Hungarian, Russian, English and other loanwords (cf. chapter word origin ). Article 1 of

1428-400: The other. In general, the alphabets are used interchangeably; except in the legal sphere, where Cyrillic is required, there is no context where one alphabet or another predominates. Although Serbian language authorities have recognized the official status of both scripts in contemporary Standard Serbian for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, the Cyrillic script was made

1470-420: The region has a Mediterranean sub-continental (Koppen classification: humid subtropical ) climate with light winds (usually from the southeast). Rainfall is light, and winter often brings rain and wet snow from the north; southern and southwestern winds tend to bring warm, dry weather. The region's average annual temperature is 12.2 °C (54.0 °F). January's average is 1.2 °C (34.2 °F), and July's

1512-413: The second conditional (without use in the spoken language—it should be used for impossible conditional clauses). Serbian has active and passive voice . As for the non-finite verb forms, Serbian has one infinitive , two adjectival participles (the active and the passive), and two adverbial participles (the present and the past). Most Serbian words are of native Slavic lexical stock, tracing back to

1554-433: The second future tense or the future exact, which is considered a tense of the conditional mood by some contemporary linguists), and one present tense . These are the tenses of the indicative mood. Apart from the indicative mood, there is also the imperative mood . The conditional mood has two more tenses: the first conditional (commonly used in conditional clauses, both for possible and impossible conditional clauses) and

1596-620: The secondary school is located in Vrbovac. The municipality has four Serbian Orthodox churches. The church in Grnčar was reported to have been mined and destroyed during the Kosovo conflict , and was later fully reconstructed. There is a mosque in village of Mogila which was not damaged during the conflict. The first (and most recent to day) municipal elections were held on 15 November 2009. Although Serbian Government did not recognize those elections, 25.4% of local voters, mostly Serbs, did participate in

1638-466: The spoken language. In the second half of the 18th century, the new language appeared, called Slavonic-Serbian . This artificial idiom superseded the works of poets and historians like Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović , who wrote in essentially modern Serbian in the 1720s. These vernacular compositions have remained cloistered from the general public and received due attention only with the advent of modern literary historians and writers like Milorad Pavić . In

1680-541: Was a district of Serbia until 1999. After the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo took control in 1999, it was transformed into the District of Gjilan . Anamorava is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) wide. It is bordered by the Skopska Crna Gora mountains in the south and the Goljak in the north, and borders Kosovo field in the west. On

1722-561: Was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system. Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian , a Slavic language ( Indo-European ), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian , Croatian , and Montenegrin . "An examination of all

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1764-526: Was officially established on 8 January 2010, previously being part of the Viti Municipality . The seat of the municipality is in Klokot. This and other new-formed municipalities of Kosovo are not recognized by Serbian government , which still considers it part of Vitina municipality. The municipality was formed based on the Ahtisaari plan for decentralization of Kosovo which called for the establishment of

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