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37-647: The Kisarazu Air Group was formed at Kisarazu Air Field , in Kisarazu , Chiba Prefecture Japan on April 1, 1936 as the first land-based bomber group of the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was initially equipped with six Type 96 Yokosuka B4Y biplane attack aircraft, plus two reserve aircraft. With the start of the war in China, the aircraft of the Tateyama Air Group and the Ōminato Air Group were transferred to

74-766: A compromise in the face of U.S. calls to build up an army of 350,000, the National Police Reserve was re-titled the National Safety Force and expanded to 110,000. In 1954, Prime Minister Yoshida impelled the Diet to accept the Defence Agency Establishment and the Self-Defence Force Laws, which explicitly authorized the forces to "defend Japan against direct and indirect aggression, and when necessary to maintain public order." On July 1, 1954,

111-572: A detachment of nineteen Mitsubishi G4M1’s arrived in Rabaul , New Britain , joining elements from the Misawa Naval Air Group and the Fourth Air Group . This combined force bombed American positions at Henderson Field on Guadalcanal on August 25, 1942. On the following mission on August 26, one Mitsubishi G4M1 was damaged by defending USMC Grumman F4F fighters and was forced to ditch in

148-493: A sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes." "In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized." It is believed that the Special Diet Session leader Hitoshi Ashida added the clause "In order to accomplish

185-413: A subsequent mission on September 12, two aircraft were lost to Allied aircraft and a third was damaged in an emergency landing at Buka . Another aircraft was lost in combat over Guadalcanal on September 21. The Kisarazu Air Group continued its bombing of Henderson Field and other targets on Guadalcanal on October 14, October 15, October 17 and October 21, with the loss of one more aircraft. On October 25,

222-590: A week or less. During the 1970s, the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force possessed a dubious ability to hold off a Soviet invasion of Hokkaido . Zbigniew Brzezinski observed in 1972 that it seemed optimized to fight "a Soviet invasion conducted on American patterns of a quarter of a century ago." Three years later in 1975, Osamu Kaihara, the former secretary of the National Defence Council, was reported in U.S. News & World Report that

259-664: Is a military aerodrome of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force JGSDF Camp Kisarazu ( 木更津駐屯地 , Kisarazu Chūtonchi ) . It is located 1.2  NM (2.2 km; 1.4 mi) north northwest of Kisarazu in the Chiba Prefecture , Japan . JGSDF Kisarazu is home to the JGSDF 1st Helicopter Brigade , which is attached to the Central Readiness Force . operating as a supporting unit for

296-666: Is currently no American presence at Kisarazu; however, under the terms of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan , Kisarazu Air Field remains available for use by aircraft of the United States 7th Fleet under the name "Kisarazu Auxiliary Landing Field". In 2014 the Japanese government publicly offered the base as a site for a maintenance hub for maintenance of V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft operated by

333-636: Is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces . Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches. New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Japan Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China , especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands . The JGSDF operates under

370-899: The 1st Airborne Brigade and the Japanese Special Forces Group . The base also supports tenant units from the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and Japan Air Self-Defence Force Kisarazu Air Field was originally established in 1936 as a base for the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service , subordinate to the Yokosuka Naval District . It was home to the Kisarazu Air Group , the Imperial Japanese Navy 's first dedicated land-based bomber unit, which saw extensive combat during

407-804: The Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade are trained to counter invaders from occupying Japanese islands along the edge of the East China Sea. British troops of the Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) exercised together for the first time with Japanese GSDF soldiers in Oyama , Shizuoka prefecture on 2 October 2018. The purpose was to improve their strategic partnership and security cooperation. Speaking about tensions regarding North Korea , Lieutenant General Patrick Sanders said that Japan "won't have to fight alone." The JGSDF and

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444-797: The Indian Army conducted their first joint military exercise in the Indian state of Mizoram from 27 October to 18 November 2018. It primarily consisted of anti-terror drills and improving bilateral cooperation with 60 Japanese and Indian officers. In March 2019, the Ministry of Defense established its first regional cyber protection unit in the Western Army of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) to safeguard defense communications from cyber attacks, such as for personnel deployed on remote islands with no established secure lines. The Japanese government approved

481-527: The JMSDF and JASDF as well as a U.S. Army landing ship. These were the largest GSDF exercises since after the Cold War in 1993. The exercises are based on 2019 National Defense Program Guidelines to strengthen defense capabilities. Minister of Defense Nobuo Kishi said it is to effectively respond to various situations. In 1989, basic training for lower-secondary and upper-secondary academy graduates began in

518-733: The Japan Defense Agency activated the Special Operations Group with the mandate under the JGSDF as its Counter-terrorist unit . In 2015, the Japanese Diet passed a law that allowed for the reinterpretation of Article 9 of the constitution. JSDF personnel train with the American forces in amphibious assault units designed to take outlying islands. Japan activated its first marine unit since World War II on April 7, 2018. The marines of

555-692: The Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II . The base was also used for training, and the testing of experimental aircraft, including Japan's first jet-powered aircraft, the Nakajima Kikka . After the end of World War II, from September 1945 the base was used by the United States Air Force as "Kisarazu Air Base". In 1956, the base was officially transferred to the control of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) and

592-577: The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan , United States forces stationed in Japan were to deal with external aggression against Japan while Japanese forces, both ground and maritime, would deal with internal threats and natural disasters. Only after the outbreak of the Korean War did MacArthur authorise Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida to establish a 75,000 strong National Police Reserve . The next expansion came in 1952, when as

629-834: The United States Marine Corps from MCAS Futenma in Okinawa . The aircraft require maintenance every six years but the Futenma base lacks the facilities to do it. The JGSDF will also be acquiring Ospreys which will be maintained at the facility temporarily before an eventual move to Saga, Japan. Civilians from The Boeing Company and Bell Helicopter will assist JGSDF members conducting the maintenance. Aircraft Maintainers Demonstrate MV-22B Osprey Systems at Atsugi April 23, 2016 DVIDS Retrieved November 14, 2016</ref> Noise level tests were conducted at Kisarazu in October 2016, comparing

666-471: The Yakima Training Center in the United States . The JGSDF has two reserve components: the rapid-reaction reserve component (即応予備自衛官制度) and the main reserve component (一般予備自衛官制度). Members of the rapid-reaction component train 30 days a year. Members of the main reserve train five days a year. As of December 2007, there were 8,425 members of the rapid-reaction reserve component and 22,404 members of

703-638: The Allied Powers (SCAP). Both were replaced by the United States Armed Forces occupation force, which assumed responsibility for the external defense of Japan. Douglas MacArthur insisted that Japan have no military that could be used to settle international disputes or even for its own self defense. Accordingly, during the development of the Japan Constitution in 1946, Article 9 was added stating "the Japanese people forever renounce war as

740-622: The JGSDF. Like the maritime and air forces , the JGSDF ran a youth cadet program offering technical training to lower-secondary school graduates below military age in return for a promise of enlistment. Because of population density and urbanization on the Japanese islands, only limited areas are available for large-scale training, and, even in these areas, noise restrictions are extensive. The JGSDF has adapted to these conditions by conducting command post exercises, map manoeuvres, investing in simulators and other training programs, as well as conducting live fire exercises overseas at locations such as

777-474: The Kisarazu Air Group flew its final combat mission, losing one more aircraft. On November 1, 1942, the remainder of the unit was re-designated as the 707th Naval Air Group (第七〇七海軍航空隊, Dai Nana-Maru-Nana Kaigun Kōkūtai ), one month later, all aircraft and airmen were moved to the 705th Naval Air Group . Kisarazu Air Field Kisarazu Air Field ( 木更津飛行場 , Kisarazu Hikōjō ) ( ICAO : RJTK )

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814-426: The Kisarazu Air Group served as a training unit until March 1942. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the start of hostilities with the United States , it also performed patrol duties protecting the entrance to Tokyo Bay . From March 1942, the Kisarazu Air Group was re-equipped with Type 1 Mitsubishi G4M bombers, and continued training with the new equipment until the end of August 1942. On August 22, 1942,

851-488: The Kisarazu Air Group, bringing its combat strength up to twenty operational bombers and six reserve aircraft. Its first combat mission was a bombing of the Republic of China capital of Nanjing on August 15, 1937. Subsequently, strategic bombing missions were taken against the cities of Shanghai , Hangzhou , and Chongqing , as well as tactical bombing missions in support of advancing Imperial Japanese Army forces. Due to

888-625: The National Security Board was reorganized as the Defense Agency, and the National Security Force was reorganized afterwards as the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force ( Army ), the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ( Navy ) and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force ( Air Force ), with General Keizō Hayashi appointed as the first Chairman of Joint Staff Council—professional head of the three branches. The enabling legislation for this

925-520: The Osprey noise to that of a CH-47 Chinook . There was some opposition from local residents. Maintenance of the aircraft was to begin from 2017. An opening ceremony was held on January 12, 2017. Japan Ground Self-Defense Force The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force ( Japanese : 陸上自衛隊 , Hepburn : Rikujō Jieitai ) , JGSDF ( 陸自 , Rikuji ) , also referred to as the Japanese Army ,

962-552: The SDF would have been totally ineffective in any Soviet attack, as the Ground SDF could only fight as an army for three to four days. While the force is now an efficient army of around 150,000, its apparent importance had, until recently, seemingly declined with the end of the Cold War , and attempts to reorient the forces as a whole to new post Cold War missions have been tangled in a series of internal political disputes. On March 27, 2004,

999-447: The aim of the preceding paragraph" in the middle of Article 9. The intent of this phrasing was to allow for the creation of military forces in Japan which would be for the defense of Japan, and not for settling international disputes. Then Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida accepted this wording and was able to convince the US to allow Japan to operate " self defense " forces. Under the terms of

1036-595: The command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya , Shinjuku , Tokyo . The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 150,700 soldiers in 2023. Soon after the end of the Pacific War in 1945 with Japan accepting the Potsdam Declaration , the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy were dismantled by the orders of Supreme Commander for

1073-656: The first ever JSDF dispatch to a peacekeeping operation that is not led by the United Nations in 2019. JGSDF officers monitored the cease-fire between Israel and Egypt at the Multinational Force and Observers command in the Sinai peninsula from 19 April until 30 November 2019. From September to the end of November 2021, the GSDF conducted nationwide drills with all units including 100,000 personnel, 20,000 vehicles, 120 aircraft and

1110-510: The former Imperial Japanese Army save for the march music tradition (Review March was the official march of the IJA and today's JGSDF). However the tradition of bugle call playing, a tradition left by the Imperial Army, has remained till the present. Each JGDSF formation has had a bugle platoon or company led by a Bugle Major. The Imperial Japanese Army flag with symmetrical 16 rays and a 2:3 ratio

1147-643: The limited range of the Yokosuka B4Y , the Kisarazu Air Group was forced to deploy from bases in Shanghai and Nanjing. From August 27, 1937 the Kisarazu Air Group was equipped with Type 95 Nakajima A4N biplane fighters for protection against Chinese fighters; however, this proved unnecessary and the Nakajima fighters were withdrawn on October 10. The Kisarazu Air Group was withdrawn from combat on January 5, 1940. Following its return to its home base at Kisarazu Air Field,

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1184-739: The main reserve component. JGSDF currently has 9 active duty divisions (1 armored, 8 infantry) The JGSDF currently has eight combat brigades: JGSDF divisions and brigades are combined arms units with infantry, armored, and artillery units, combat support units and logistical support units. They are regionally independent and permanent entities. The divisions' strength varies from 6,000 to 9,000 personnel. The brigades are smaller with 3,000 to 4,000 personnel. The JGSDF currently has nine combat support brigades: The rank insignia of commissioned officers . The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel . The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force dropped nearly all traditions associated with

1221-550: The sea on its return. Another mission against Henderson Field was undertaken on August 29. During a bombing mission against Allied ships near Guadalcanal, the Kisarazu Air Group shared credit for sinking the American destroyer USS  Colhoun  (DD-85) . On September 2, 1942 nine aircraft each from the Kisarazu and the Misawa Air Groups again bombed Henderson Field, causing little damage and suffering no losses. However, on

1258-629: The training brigade and lasted approximately three months. Specialized enlisted and non-commissioned officer (NCO) candidate courses were available in branch schools and qualified NCOs could enter an eight-to-twelve-week officer candidate program. Senior NCOs and graduates of an eighty-week NCO pilot course were eligible to enter officer candidate schools, as were graduates of the National Defense Academy at Yokosuka and graduates of all four-year universities. Advanced technical, flight, medical and command and staff officer courses were also run by

1295-460: Was abolished in 1945. The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) use a significantly different variation of the Rising Sun Flag with red, white and gold colors. It has 8-rays and an 8:9 ratio. The edges of the rays are asymmetrical since they form angles at 19, 21, 26 and 24 degrees. It also has indentations for the yellow (golden) irregular triangles along

1332-552: Was the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Act [Act No. 165 of 1954]. That year the actual strength of the Ground, Maritime and Air Self-Defence Forces reached 146,285, armed mainly with U.S. World War II vintage equipment. At least up until the 1970s, the Ground SDF was not built up to the point required to defeat an invasion attempt from the north – informed officials estimated that while ammunition provisions were officially said to be enough to last for two months, in actuality it would be used up in

1369-598: Was used as a training base; although USAF units remained on the base in a tenant capacity until transferred to Tachikawa Air Base in 1961. Subsequently, American assets at Kisarazu came under the control of the United States Navy . In 1968, the JASDF relocated to Iruma Air Base , and Kisarazu was transferred to the control of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. Remaining United States Navy assets were transferred to United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka from 1975, and there

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