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Kintai Bridge

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The Kintai Bridge ( 錦帯橋 , Kintai-kyō ) is a historical wooden arch bridge in the city of Iwakuni in Yamaguchi Prefecture , Japan .

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30-618: The pedestrian bridge was built in 1673, spanning the Nishiki River in a series of five wooden arches. The bridge is located on the foot of Mt. Yokoyama, at the top of which lies Iwakuni Castle . Kikkou Park , which includes the bridge and castle, is a popular tourist destination in Japan, particularly during the Cherry blossom festival in the spring and the autumn color change of the Japanese maples . It

60-593: A complete opposite of the U.S. where 80% of blogs are expressed under one's real name. Ikeda's arguments are not the only sources hinting cultural correlation, influence, overlapping users from 2channel. In 2006, Naoko Kizu ( 木津 尚子 ) , a Japanese Wikipedian, stated that on the Japanese Misplaced Pages most people start out as page editors and uploaders of images, and that the majority of people continue to serve in those roles. Some people apply to become administrators. Kizu said "Unfortunately, some apply for this role out of

90-474: A desire for power! And then are surprised when they get rejected." There are threads of textboards named " 【百科事典】ウィキペディア第 d 刷【Misplaced Pages】 " ( lit.   ' [Encyclopedia] Misplaced Pages Part d Edition [Misplaced Pages] ' ) related to the Japanese Misplaced Pages on 2channel . In these textboards, the Japanese Misplaced Pages community informally discuss with other editors anonymously. On Twitter , they use accounts associated with their username and "#jawp" for mentioning

120-529: A vertical text. The first article was named "Nihongo no Funimekusu" (meaning "Phonemics of the Japanese language"). Until late December in that year, there were only two articles. In September 2004, the Japanese Misplaced Pages was awarded the "2004 Web Creation Award Web-Person Special Prize" from the Japan Advertisers Association . This award, normally given to individuals for great contributions to

150-466: Is a 110 km long river, the longest in Yamaguchi Prefecture , Japan. The Nishiki is the main river in a larger system measuring 331.8 km in total. The government of Japan classifies it as a second-class river system. The Nishiki River system drains an area of 884.2 km . The Nishiki River has its source in the city of Shūnan . At its mouth in the part of the city of Iwakuni that

180-590: Is no local chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation to support them in court. In a 2018 book, Florian Schneider of Leiden University compared and contrasted Chinese (Misplaced Pages and Baidu ) and Japanese articles ( 南京事件 ) on the Nanjing Massacre . Schneider was critical of some aspects of each version, but noted that a 2015 version of the Japanese article attempted to justify the rape and murder of Chinese civilians by claiming Japanese soldiers were doing it in

210-441: Is significantly more dominated by articles about pop culture than other Misplaced Pages projects, and according to one of his slides, "barely 20 percent" of the articles on the Japanese Misplaced Pages were about anything else. The Japanese Misplaced Pages is known to have relatively few moderators as of early March 2010. Nobuo Ikeda , a known public policy academic and media critic in Japan, has suggested an ongoing "2channel-ization" phenomenon on

240-531: The Internet in Japanese, was accepted by a long-standing contributor on behalf of the project. The Japanese Misplaced Pages is different from the English Misplaced Pages in a number of ways. Andrew Lih has written that influence from 2channel resulted in many Japanese Misplaced Pages editors being unregistered and anonymous. Because of the lack of registered editors, Japanese Misplaced Pages editors as a whole interact less with

270-495: The Japanese Misplaced Pages , retrieved on December 11, 2008. This article related to a river in Japan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Japanese Misplaced Pages The Japanese Misplaced Pages ( ウィキペディア日本語版 , Misplaced Pages Nihongoban , lit.   ' Japanese version of Misplaced Pages ' ) is the Japanese edition of Misplaced Pages , a free, open-source online encyclopedia . Started on 11 May 2001,

300-467: The Nanjing Massacre ( 南京事件 ), and Unit 731 ( 731部隊 ). A Misplaced Pages editor and academic, Sae Kitamura  [ ja ] , responded to Sato's article. While acknowledging that historical revisionism is indeed an issue on the Japanese Misplaced Pages, she pointed out factual errors in Sato's argument that centered around Misplaced Pages policy. In a talk sponsored by the Wikimedia Foundation, Kitamura argued that

330-571: The Japanese Misplaced Pages. Attention was drawn to the Japanese Misplaced Pages article on Kozo Iizuka ( 飯塚幸三 ), which used to describe his accomplishments in detail, with no mention of how he killed a woman and her young daughter in the Higashi-Ikebukuro runaway car accident that made him a household name in Japan. An administrator applied protection to the article and later explained that the Japanese Misplaced Pages community takes legal risks arising from potential privacy violations very seriously, as there

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360-418: The Japanese Misplaced Pages. Ikeda argues that by allowing anonymous editing, the community spawns a type of culture seen in anonymous message boards such as 2channel, where hate speech , personal attacks and derogatory expressions are common, and also the source of entertainment. He also remarks on the "emotional-outlet" and "get rid of stress" aspects of Japanese Internet culture , where 90% of blogs are anonymous,

390-507: The Japanese article as framing the Japanese invasion of the city as a reaction to Chinese aggression. In a 2021 article published in Slate magazine, Yumiko Sato argued that several Japanese Misplaced Pages articles contained historical revisionism and whitewashing . Notable articles mentioned included the Japanese Misplaced Pages articles on the Battle of Hong Kong ( 香港の戦い ), comfort women ( 日本の慰安婦 ),

420-595: The Nanjing Massacre article, Gustafsson noted that the first paragraph of the Japanese version expressed doubt about the details of the incident and "thereby portrays the Japanese military less negatively". For the article on the Battle of Shanghai , Gustafsson noted that the Japanese article generally emphasized violence by the Chinese combatants against both Japanese soldiers and civilians, while omitting mentions of civilian deaths from Japanese air raids. Gustafsson described

450-634: The Misplaced Pages community is similar to 2Chan in a negative way; it's just as hostile. You can get viciously attacked for what you write". An interviewee alleged that an editor and administrator collaborated to manipulate the website, which resulted in the Wikimedia Foundation investigating the situation. Some users felt that having an account created more vectors for being antagonized and thus avoided logging in. One interviewee claimed to mainly make minor edits, as large edits were more likely to invite attacks. Interviewees felt that IP users had significant sway over

480-468: The bridge stood without the use of metal nails. This was achieved by the careful fitting of the wooden parts and by the construction of the thick girders by clamping and binding them together with metal belts. The main wooden parts of the bridge were covered by sheets of copper for additional durability. The shape and weight of the bridge made it extremely strong at the top, but incredibly weak from underneath. To address concern that flood waters rushing along

510-402: The context of apprehending Chinese defectors. Schneider also noted that there were also few to no images on the article; instead it contained a single image of Japanese soldiers checking Chinese prisoners of war for weapons. In a 2019 paper, Karl Gustafsson of Stockholm University compared various Chinese and Japanese Misplaced Pages articles. Gustafsson was critical of aspects of both versions. For

540-616: The edition attained the 200,000 article mark in April 2006 and the 500,000 article mark in June 2008. As of November 2024, it has almost 1,439,000 articles with 12,448 active contributors, ranking fourth behind the English , French and German editions . As of September 2024, the Japanese Misplaced Pages is the world's second most visited Misplaced Pages language edition after the English Misplaced Pages; it has been

570-406: The first time in 50 years. The bridge is composed of five sequential wooden arch bridges on four stone piers as well as two wooden piers on the dry riverbed where the bridge begins and ends. Each of the three middle spans is 35.1 meters long, while the two end spans are 34.8 meters, for a total length of about 175 meters with a width of 5 meters. For nearly three hundred years, the many versions of

600-406: The footbridge remained intact for 276 years, until washed away again in a flood from typhoon Kijia in 1950. It was in a weakened state at the time, as the Japanese had stopped maintaining the bridge during World War II . In 1953, the bridge was reconstructed similar to the original. In 1922, the bridge was declared a national treasure. Between 2001 and 2004, all five bridge girders were restored for

630-473: The international Misplaced Pages community and the Wikimedia Foundation than editors of other Wikipedias do. Lih also wrote that Japanese Misplaced Pages editors are less likely to engage in edit wars than editors on Wikipedias of Western languages, and typically they would instead make alternative drafts of articles on their own userspaces. Jimmy Wales has pointed out at a conference that the Japanese Misplaced Pages

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660-406: The old wooden ones. Though thought to be flood-proof, the bridge was destroyed by a flood the next year. As a result, the stone piers were redesigned for greater strength, and a special tax was created to maintain the bridge. This maintenance involved periodically rebuilding the bridge: every 20 years for three spans in the middle, every 40 years for two spans that connect to the banks. Consequently,

690-462: The revisionism was, in part, the result of a severe shortage of administrators. Kitamura argued that, to combat this, more competent users needed to be attracted and the toxicity of the website needed to be controlled. In a 2021 article, professor Chelsea Szendi Schieder of Aoyama Gakuin University described Japanese Misplaced Pages's coverage of World War II as right-wing revisionism, and argued there

720-537: The right-wing textboard 2channel . In March 2001, three non-English editions of Misplaced Pages were created, namely, the German , Catalan and Japanese Wikipedias. The original site address of the Japanese Misplaced Pages was http://nihongo.wikipedia.com and all pages were written in the Latin alphabet or romaji , as the software did not work with Japanese characters at the time. The home page also showed an early attempt at creating

750-492: The river would destroy the bridge in its entirety, the bridge was designed so that the wooden pathway merely "floats" on top of its frame using mortise and tenon joints. This allowed rising flood waters to lift out the wooden pathway and carry it off down stream while sparing the main structure. 34°10′03″N 132°10′42″E  /  34.167603°N 132.178367°E  / 34.167603; 132.178367 Nishiki River The Nishiki River ( 錦川 , Nishiki-gawa )

780-409: The second most viewed Misplaced Pages during most periods since at least 2008. It has a high proportion of anonymous contributors and one of the lowest admin-to-user ratios of any language Misplaced Pages. The Japanese Misplaced Pages has been accused of historical revisionism by a number of scholars, especially its pages on World War II . Its culture has been described as hostile and heavily influenced by

810-435: The website's content and toxic atmosphere. The community reportedly held numerous discussions on if and how to regulate IP users, but failed to reach consensus due to polarized opinions. Most of the interviewees felt that IP editing was not an issue on the site. At the 10th Wiki Workshop on 11 May 2023 hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation , Taehee Kim, David Garcia, and Pablo Aragón analyzed which articles were controversial on

840-507: Was a divergence between right-wing narratives that are popular online in Japan and academic writings in English. In 2022, a report on IP editing on the Japanese Misplaced Pages was submitted to the Wikimedia Foundation. The report, based on interviews with Japanese Wikipedians, claimed that the Japanese Misplaced Pages's culture was seen as antagonistic, hostile, and susceptible to being manipulated by cliques. One Japanese Wikipedian interviewed said, "I think

870-402: Was declared a National Treasure in 1922. After Iwakuni Castle was completed in 1608 by Kikkawa Hiroie , the first lord of Iwakuni Domain , a series of wooden bridges was built. However, most of them were destroyed by floods several times before the construction of Kintai Bridge. Afterwards, Kintai Bridge was built by the third lord, Kikkawa Hiroyoshi , in 1673. The new stone piers replaced

900-677: Was formerly the separate town of Nishiki , it drains into the Inland Sea . The river is paralleled by the Nishikigawa Seiryū Line . It is known for having a station, Seiryu Miharashi Station , which exists only for viewing the river, with no external exits or entrances. Dams on the Nishiki include the Kōdō and the Sugano . This article incorporates material from the article 錦川 ( Nishiki-gawa ) in

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