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50-564: Born in Bad Gräfenberg , Austrian Silesia , Károly Khuen de Belás was the oldest son of seven siblings born to Hungarian magnate Antal Khuen de Belás (1817–1886) and his wife, Baroness Angelika Izdenczi de Monostor et Komlós (1823–1894). His three other siblings died when they were children. He spent most of his childhood at the family estate in Nuštar in Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . According to

100-495: A contract on the construction of a new theater building with Fellner & Helmer and even determined a better location than the one required by the city government (they wanted the theatre to be located in Ilica and Khuen placed it in the city center). On 14 October 1895, the newly constructed building was opened. The Emperor himself attended the ceremony . On that day, groups of pupils and students held protests during which they burned

150-544: A corresponding member, despite being the most cited Croatian scientist, with more citations than the academy's 18-member Department of Medical Sciences combined. From 2005 to 2007, the Department of Philological Sciences at the academy released several declarations on the linguistic situation in Croatia, which were criticised for being nationalistically motivated rather than linguistically based. Despite pressure from members of

200-501: A deputy in the Croatian parliament , addressed the chamber in a speech decrying a "dictatorship of mediocrity" in the academy, while Globus columnist Boris Dežulović satirized the institution as an "academy of stupidity and obedience". Dr. Vladimir Paar and others defended the academy's decision, averring that it did take pains to include accomplished scientists but that, since Dr. Radman's work has mostly taken place outside Croatia, it

250-537: A head with the academy's refusal to induct Dr. Miroslav Radman , an accomplished biologist , a member of the French Academy of Sciences , and an advocate of a higher degree of meritocracy and accountability in Croatian academia . His supporters within the academy and the media decried the decision as reinforcing a politically motivated, unproductive status quo . Dr. Ivo Banac , a Yale University professor and then

300-636: A new building of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb in all possible ways. He questioned project's way of funding and the location (he proposed land near the Zagreb Glavni kolodvor ). In spite of his initial views, he realized that the construction of the theater would have shown the emperor that Croatian nationalism waned and that he managed to "calm" the Kingdom. Therefore, on 5 January 1894, he signed

350-518: A policy was attributed by some to the personal interests he had with wealthy non-Croat Slavonians, which brought Croats as the capital holders to a disadvantageous position. Throughout his reign, he has been implementing measures that would have led to the conversion of Croatia and Slavonia into the Hungarian province. Khuen-Héderváry constantly pressured the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts and

400-529: A set of "Serbian" laws, extended in 1887, by which the position of the Serbian Orthodox Church and Serbs in Croatia-Slavonia was arranged. During Khuen-Héderváry's reign, four out of eight prefects of Croatian counties, the deputy ban and the speaker of the parliament were Serbs, and Serbs occupied the highest ranks in the judiciary. Due to his close cooperation with Serbs, he was sometimes known as

450-654: A slight growth due to Izidor Kršnjavi and Josip Juraj Strossmayer 's activities. Many banks, insurance companies, and agricultural associations were founded throughout the Kingdom. The industry was developing as well with various factories, such as Franck and Drava - Osijek, being opened. By increasing agricultural production, steam mills (one, Hinko in Nuštar , was founded by Khuen-Héderváry's brother Heinrich II), breweries and cheese factories were established. The electrification of Croatia slowly started; larger cities got public lighting, and public and economic buildings were lighted as well so they that could work at night. There

500-432: Is 100. Number of full members per department is limited to 24. Only the full members may carry the title of " academician " (English: F.C.A. , Croatian : akademik (male members) or akademkinja (female members)). The academy has been criticized to the effect that membership and activities are based on academic cronyism and political favor rather than on scientific and artistic merit. In 2006 matters came to

550-445: Is the national academy of Croatia . HAZU was founded under the patronage of the Croatian bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer under the name Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Serbo-Croatian : Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti , JAZU ) since its founder wanted to make it the central scientific and artistic institution of all South Slavs . Today, its main goals are encouraging and organizing scientific work, applying

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600-664: The Axis client regime of the Independent State of Croatia . It has again been renamed "Croatian" in 1991 after Croatia gained independence from Yugoslavia. The academy is divided into nine departments (classes): One of the research units of the academy is the Institute for Historical Sciences. It is located in a Renaissance villa in Dubrovnik , and holds a rich manuscript and library collection. Two peer-reviewed journals are published by

650-507: The University of Zagreb and made it difficult for them to work. In 1894, he introduced the Hungarian language as an obligatory subject in all Croatian gymnasiums and provided the opportunity for the establishment of Hungarian schools. Such a provision supported the magyarization of the population which he had violently carried out. Since he came to power, he tried to prevent the construction of

700-535: The "Serbian ban ". The main goal of favouring the Serbs was to encourage inter-ethnic (Croat/Serb) conflicts which would lead to the preventing of resistance against the Empires' state policies. Between 1885 and 1887, he reorganized the Croatian judiciary and administration by placing them under the ban's authority. The freedom of public expression and press were considerably reduced. On 5 February 1886, following his initiative,

750-537: The Department of Philological Sciences, one journal refused to stop publishing criticism. In May 2022, the academy published a document outlining conditions for Bosnia and Herzegovina's entry into the European Union , calling for a third Croat entity to be implemented in the country due to the rising challenges faced by Croats from "Serbian secessionist and Bosniak unitarist" policies. It also proposed conditions to be fulfilled by Serbia and Montenegro before they joined

800-754: The Hungarian delegation to the common legislation from 1917. He was also president of the Hungarian Mortgage Credit Bank . He died on 16 February 1918 in Budapest at the age of 68. Bad Gr%C3%A4fenberg Lázně Jeseník ( German : Bad Gräfenberg ) is a spa resort in Jeseník in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic . The place is known for its connection with Vincent Priessnitz , an early proponent of hydrotherapy . Priessnitz had founded

850-579: The Hungarian flag beneath Josip Jelačić 's monument. The protests were violently suppressed, and protesters expelled from schools. Although the gendarmerie under the Khuen-Héderváry's command had tried to violently suppress protests, the situation soon came out of control and protesters reached the Emperor which made him realize that the situation in the Kingdom was still extremely unstable. Regardless of Khuen-Héderváry's harsh rule, Croatian economy experienced

900-406: The Kingdom. After two years, in 1888, he confirmed a new electoral law according to which only the richest (2% of the population) had the right to vote. Women did not have the right to vote, and voting rights were determined by property and tax censuses. The Law granted foreign officials working in Croatian state institutions, who were mostly Hungarians, the right to vote. The elections were held under

950-640: The Parliament enacted the Law on Organization of Counties and the Administration in Counties and Districts (Zakon o ustroju županija i uređenju uprave u županijah i kotarih). According to this law, Croatia was divided into eight counties, each of them governed by a prefect, all of them being politically loyal to Khuen-Héderváry, who had great authority. That is how Khuen-Héderváry wanted to strengthen his power and control over

1000-531: The Younger (1888–1960). Károly Khuen-Héderváry became ban of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in 1883, succeeding the temporary reign of Ban Hermann Ramberg . This followed the unrest and disorder that happened because of Hungary's non-compliance with the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement (e.g. bilingual coat of arms were put on public buildings and the Hungarian language was unofficially introduced into

1050-715: The academic journal Rad in 1867. In 1882, each of the individual scientific classes of the academy started printing their own journals. In 1887, the academy published the first "Ljetopis" as a year book, as well as several other publications in history and ethnology . Vatroslav Jagić , Baltazar Bogišić , Nikola Tesla , Mihailo Petrović , Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger , Andrija Mohorovičić , Ivan Meštrović , Lavoslav Ružička , Vladimir Prelog , Ivo Andrić , Miroslav Krleža , Ivan Supek and Franjo Tuđman were JAZU/HAZU members. The academy briefly changed name from "Yugoslav" to "Croatian" between 1941 and 1945 during

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1100-744: The achieved results, developing of artistic and cultural activities, carrying about the Croatian cultural heritage and its affirmation in the world, publishing the results of scientific research and artistic creativity and giving suggestions and opinions for the advancement of science and art in areas of particular importance to Croatia. The academy is divided into nine classes; social sciences, mathematical, physical and chemical sciences, natural sciences, medical sciences, philological sciences, Literature, Fine Arts, Musical Arts and Musicology, technical sciences. The academy started in 1866 with 16 full members which grew to today's 160. Besides full, members can also be honorary, corresponding or associate. The institution

1150-565: The ban's behaviour burnt the Hungarian flag and smashed all the windows on the local railway station building. People's Movement and the political crisis in Hungary marked the end of his reign. When the Emperor realized that Khuen Héderváry no longer had any influence in Croatia, he removed him from office and appointed him on 23 June 1903 to the position of Prime Minister of Hungary . Nevertheless, he continued to interfere in Croatian state affairs and has helped Nikola Tomašić to become Croatian Ban. At

1200-558: The beginning of the World War I , he stated that the idea of creation of Yugoslavia from the Croatian point of view was inappropriate due to the Serb question and that the solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina 's status was in its annexation to Hungary. At the elections of 1901 the Liberal Party had obtained a considerable majority, and Prime Minister Kálmán Széll formed a government. He faced

1250-430: The bill for enlisting only a regular number of yearly recruits, if they agreed to support to his government and end obstruction to form new government. Soon after the new Khuen-Héderváry cabinet was appointed on 27 June 1903, they realized at the time of its introduction at parliament that a great part of the opposition representatives would continue their obstruction and make parliamentary work impossible. The situation of

1300-571: The cause of being able to bring together the best minds [...] and find a way in which books in the national languages could be produced in the Slavic South; the Academy should also take under its aegis all the areas of human science After some years of deliberations by the Croatian Parliament and the emperor Franz Joseph , it was finally sanctioned by law in 1866. The official sponsor

1350-514: The downfall of the Coalition ( Wekerle II) government, Francis Joseph appointed the first minority government of Hungary in 1910, once again under the leadership of Count Khuen-Héderváry. (The government of Fejérváry cannot be considered a minority government because at its inception it declared itself a government of civil servants and not legitimised by the House of Representatives.) The minority government

1400-470: The ensuing scandal made even those opposition representatives return to the camp of obstruction who had so far respected their agreement with Khuen-Héderváry. The latter, who saw no way out of the crisis, handed in his resignation, which was accepted by the monarch on 7 August. Three days later the parliament took cognizance of the government's departure from office. He also served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1910 to 1912, before World War I : following

1450-463: The face of opposition, which paralysed the work of the parliament, the Széll government proved impotent. On 23 May 1903, King Francis Joseph authorised Károly Khuen-Héderváry, ban of Croatia, to initiate negotiations among the Hungarian politicians about the prospects of forming a new government. The ban, who had no immediate knowledge of the political conditions at Budapest, briefly acquainted himself with

1500-662: The first modern hydrotherapeutic institute in the world here. It is also known for the Sanatorium Priessnitz building designed by Leopold Bauer , and many springs. 50°14′24″N 17°11′10″E  /  50.24000°N 17.18611°E  / 50.24000; 17.18611 This Olomouc Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Latin : Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica ; Croatian : Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti , HAZU )

1550-548: The greatest difficulty on 16 October 1902, when the Minister of Defence, Géza Fejérváry tabled a bill in the House of Representatives about the conscription of 20 thousands reservists. Against this proposal of the defence minister, the opposition, led by the Independence Party, launched an endless obstruction under the slogan of "no more soldiers without the introduction of Hungarian as the language service and command" . In

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1600-671: The help of the pro-unitarian People's Party , with whom he gained the majority of seats in the Croatian Parliament at the 1884 parliamentary election . Khuen-Héderváry's efforts to maintain political power were greatly supported by the Serbs , in particular, members of the Serbian caucus in the Croatian Parliament, who were colloquially called "Khuen's Serbs". He supported the Serbian institutions and elite and its disproportionately strong influence in Croatian politics and economy. In 1884 he passed

1650-462: The institute, which are fully available online: Anali in Croatian and Dubrovnik Annals in English. The Institute for Ornithology houses the Croatian bird ringing scheme, and is a member of the European Union for Bird Ringing (EURING) . There are four classes of members: The number of full members and corresponding members is limited to 160 each, while the maximum number of associate members

1700-690: The institution initially created in 1669 and also renewed by bishop Strossmayer in 1874. Bishop Strossmayer also initiated the building of the Academy Palace in the Zrinjevac park of Zagreb, and the Palace was completed in 1880. In 1884, the palace also became a host of the Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters that contained 256 works of art (mostly paintings). The same is today one of the most prominent art galleries in Zagreb. The academy started publishing

1750-698: The last Count Viczay de Loós et Hédervár, Héder Viczay 's will, and the Court's supreme decision (dated Vienna , on 5 December 1874), Károly was granted the bearing Khuen-Héderváry name and title of Count. He changed his title from Belási to Hédervári and his new coat of arms was compiled by the two families' coat of arms. His maternal grandmother was Karolina Viczay, Héder's aunt. In addition Héder's brother, Károly Viczay (1802–1867) married to Mária Khuen (1811–1848), Károly Khuen-Héderváry's aunt. Khuen-Héderváry married Countess Margit Teleki de Szék on 6 September 1880. They had two children: Sándor (1881–1946) and Károly

1800-607: The majority of the government party. The King appointed László Lukács Prime Minister in April 1912 in order to ensure a stronger government activity (and a stronger governing party) in the lower house, while István Tisza, the real leader of the party, became Speaker of the House . In 1913 he was appointed chairman of the Party of National Work. He became an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1915. He served as leader of

1850-504: The opposition's filibuster for almost a year from May 1911, but he did not manage to find an intermediate position between the opposition and the monarch. The fight among the parties was aggravated by the fact that one of the '48er parties, led by Gyula Justh , decided to give their absolute support to the Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) on the issue of a universal suffrage . It was, however, unacceptable for

1900-549: The other. In aftermath of Tisza's failed efforts to form a government, king withdrew Széll's commission and asked Khuen-Héderváry to start new initiative to form government in Budapest but this time it should be accompanied by negotiations between broader political fractions. To successfully fulfil the king's expectations, Khuen-Héderváry made a favorable political deal with Independence Party by promising their leaders that he would drop Fejérváry's new conscripting proposition and support

1950-478: The police supervision and slogan "Keeping Order and Peace" which added to the atmosphere of constant pressure, while the authorities did not hesitate to use force so that even murders were happening. He tried to erase the Croatian name and encouraged the use of provincial names (like Slavonian; he himself identified as such) in order to diminish the national consciousness and had attributed the concept of Croatian to something that was, according to him, "provincial". Such

2000-412: The prime minister further deteriorated after the session of parliament on 29 July, when representatives of the Independence Party announced that László Szapáry , Governor of Fiume , who belonged to the friends of Khuen-Héderváry, had tried to bribe deputies belonging to the opposition into suspending their obstruction. Although no direct evidence was found against the prime minister in the case of bribery,

2050-565: The public service, i.e. the clerks were obliged to know it in order to get/keep the job). Emperor Franz Joseph I appointed him to the position in order to obstruct strong Croatian resistance to dualism established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 thus preserving the Austrian sovereignty and Empire from possible breakdown. The almost 20-year long Khuen-Héderváry's reign became referred to in Croatia as "khuenovština", meaning

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2100-501: The situation and resigned his commission as he saw his situation utterly hopeless. Consequently, the ruler asked István Tisza on 16 June to agree as future prime minister with the politicians of the Liberal Party about the composition of the government. But the members of the governing party, fearing that Tisza would eventually break down the obstruction with violent means, refused to assume the ministerial posts offered to them one after

2150-411: The type of governance characterized by political arbitrariness, violence, persecution of opponents and corruption. The basic task of Khuen-Héderváry was to carry out a policy consistent with Emperor Franz Joseph's demands, not wanting to touch into empires' dualism. Thus, Khuen-Hédérvary consistently prevented Croats from achieving greater autonomy. His influence over Croatian politics was accomplished with

2200-544: The unrest that affected the whole Kingdom were the introduction of courts martial and imprisonment of a large number of Croats. Due to growing pressure of Hungarians on the Croatians and the placing of Hungarian flags and coats of arms in Hungarian on the railway station, a series of riots across the Kingdom broke out in 1903. The most intense was the one held in Zaprešić on which police officers shoot peasants who dissatisfied with

2250-400: Was Josip Juraj Strossmayer, while the first chairman of the academy was the distinguished Croatian historian Franjo Rački . Serbian linguist Đuro Daničić was elected secretary general of the academy, where he played a key role in preparing the academy's dictionary, the Croatian or Serbian Dictionary of JAZU . The academy's creation was the logical extension of the University of Zagreb ,

2300-567: Was also a sudden development of the railway system. With the help of the Mortgage Bank founded in 1893 in Zagreb, Khuen-Héderváry encouraged the construction of railways under the Hungarian State Railways and popularized the slogan: "Who owns the railways, owns the country!" Nevertheless, during his reign, Croatia experienced a rapid increase in overseas migration which was the result of population growth and slow industrialization. There

2350-596: Was appropriate that he remain a corresponding rather than a full member of the academy. Nenad Ban , a distinguished molecular biologist from ETH Zurich and a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina is only a corresponding member of HAZU. Ivan Đikić , a molecular biologist working at the Goethe University Frankfurt , and also a member of Leopoldina since 2010, has not been able to join HAZU even as

2400-619: Was dissatisfaction with the financial dependence of Croatia on Hungary, financial independence was demanded, and when the Hungarian Parliament rejected the request for improvement of financial conditions in Croatia in 1903, a public assembly was organized in Zagreb . Other Croatian cities also held public assemblies, but Khuen-Héderváry banned them. There were protests against such a decision in Osijek , Zagreb and many other cities. The consequences of

2450-490: Was founded in Zagreb on 29 April 1861 by the decision of the Croatian Parliament ( Sabor ) as the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. The bishop and benefactor Josip Juraj Strossmayer , a prominent advocate of higher education during the 19th century Croatian national romanticism , set up a trust fund for this purpose and in 1860 submitted a large donation to the then viceroy ( ban ) of Croatia Josip Šokčević for

2500-419: Was tolerated by all the parties as a temporary solution. To their own surprise, the new governing party (Party of National Work), mostly formed of former Liberal Party members, won the elections a few months later with a vast majority, receiving 62 percent of the votes. A serious clash between the parties in the House of Representatives was brought about again by the defense proposal. Khuen-Héderváry could handle

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