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51-408: Before the unification of Nepal , Khotang District was a part of Majha Kirat or Khambuwan. The land area between two rivers from Dudh Koshi to Arun River was Majha Kirat and it was under suzerainty of Sen King of Chaudandigadhi . During Rana rule , Nepal had 32 districts and the current Khotang District was divided between two other districts. Half of the north part of the current Khotang District

102-428: A given area discuss education, water supply, basic health, sanitation and income and also monitor and record progress which is displayed in census data. In a village development committee, there was one elected chief, usually elected with an over 80% majority. A chief was elected from each ward . With these, there were four members elected or nominated. To keep data and records, and to manage administrative work, there

153-564: Is Shaligram Sharma Paudel Khotang District Court is a Judicial court to see the cases of people on district level. The district consists of 10 Municipalities , out of which two are urban municipalities and eight are rural municipalities . These are as follows: Prior to the restructuring of the district, Khotang District consisted of the following municipalities and Village development committees : (Before 2014, Khotang district had 76 VDC and no municipality. Diktel municipality established in 2014 merging some VDC) The whole district

204-425: Is a constituency of the 165 parliament constituencies of Nepal. The district is identifies as Bhojpur 1 seat. The district is divided into two segment for provincial constituency named as Bhojpur 1(A) & Bhojpur 1(B) . There are 106,534 electorates in the district. Khotang District (Diktel) is connected by two means of transportation (1) By road (2) By Air. The headquarter of Khotang District ( Diktel )

255-493: Is administered by Khotang District Coordination Committee (Khotang DCC). The Khotang DCC is elected by Khotang District Assembly . The head of Khotang DCC is Mr. Kamal Bhimraj Khadka and Mrs. Indrakala Khadka is deputy head of Khotang DCC. Khotang District Administration Office under Ministry of Home Affairs co-operate with Khotang DCC to maintain peace, order and security in the district. The officer of District Administration office called CDO and current CDO of Khotang DAO

306-462: Is connected with Sagarmatha Highway (H09), which is 156 kilometres (97 mi) long 2 way road. The Sagarmatha Highway is connected with Mahendra Highway at Kadmaha ( Saptari District ) The other Important road is Pushpalal Highway which is also called Mid-Hills Highway of Nepal. This road connects Khotang to eastern and western hill destinations directly. Unification of Nepal The unification of Nepal ( Nepali : नेपालको एकीकरण )

357-413: Is considered to have marked the initiation of court conspiracies and massacres in the newly unified Kingdom of Nepal. Historian Baburam Acharya points that the sanctions against Queen Rajendra Laxmi under moral misconduct was a mistake of Bahadur Shah. Similarly, the murder of Sarbajit Rana Magar was condemned by many historians as an act of injustice. Vamsharaj Pande , once Dewan of Nepal and son of

408-726: The East India Company 's good side. In December 1762, he sent around 3,500 troops under Gurgin Khan (also known as Khoja Gregory), an Armenian man who had helped train Mir Qasim's army, to launch an attack on Makwanpur, which had only recently been captured by the Gorkhalis. Mir Qasim's forces arrived in Makwanpur in January 1763 and launched an attack on Dadhuwa Gadhi, one of three defensive positions

459-869: The Gandaki region, were the Chaubisi principalities. Further west, in the Karnali region, were the Baise principalities. Baise and Chaubise literally translate to twenty-two and twenty-four kingdoms respectively, but the exact number of kingdoms wasn't the same as the regions' collective names. The Baises were once a part of the Khasa Kingdom, ruled by the Khas Mallas from the Sinja valley, before its fragmentation. The Chaubisi principalities belonged to various political entities. Some belonged to

510-545: The Gorkha Kingdom into the Kingdom of Nepal died at Devighat, Nuwakot. Swarup Singh Karki , a shrewd Gorkhali courtier from a Chhetri family of Eastern Nepal, marched with an army to Nuwakot to confine Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal who was then mourning the death of his father former King Prithvi Narayan Shah . He confined Bahadur Shah and Prince Dal Mardan Shah with consent from newly reigning King Pratap Singh Shah who

561-754: The Chinese emperor. The timeline of unification is given in the following table. Village development committee (Nepal) Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: A village development committee ( Nepali : गाउँ विकास समिति ; gāum̐ vikās samiti ) in Nepal was the lower administrative part of its Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development . Each district had several VDCs, similar to municipalities but with greater public-government interaction and administration. There were 3,157 village development committees in Nepal. Each village development committee

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612-516: The Gokhalis aimed for Kirtipur as their next target. Kirtipur was a small fortified city on the outskirts of the three major city-states ruled by Newar Malla kings. Despite his initial assessment that the valley kings were well prepared and the Gorkhalis were not, Kalu Pande agreed to lead the battle. In 1757, The Gorkhalis set up a base on Naikap to mount their assault on Kirtipur. They were armed with swords, bows and muskets . The two forces fought on

663-540: The Gorkha kingdom. Tanahun troops crossed the Chepe river and captured Sirhanchowk. But reinforcements from both Nuwakot and Gorkha managed to rout the invaders and considerably weaken Lamjung. Prithvi Narayan Shah wanted to use the occasion to invade Tanahun and annex it. However, he was advised against an open attack as King Tribikram Sen of Tanahun was an old friend of his father's. Prithvi Narayan Shah thus invited Tribikram Sen to

714-406: The Gorkhalis had set up around Makwanpur fort. Gurgin Khan's 3,500 soldiers managed to capture Dadhuwa Gadhi from 400 or so Gorkha soldiers. On 21 January 1763, 3,300 of Gurgin Khan's soldiers launched an attack on Makwanpur palace. The Gorkhalis, under Prithvi Narayan's brother Nandu Shah, held off the invaders. Supplemented by reinforcements, the Gorkhalis counter-attacked Gurgin Khan in the dead of

765-458: The Gorkhalis launched Hariharpur. The soldiers there fought valiantly against the Gorkha forces, but were ultimately forced to vacate the fort. About 500 soldiers from Hariharpur died in the battle. Digbardhan Sen sought the help of Mir Qasim , the Nawab of Bengal , to help defend against the Gorkhalis. Mir Qasim, sought to gain loot and plunder from the invasion, as he was using lavish gifts to get on

816-594: The Gorkhalis, who launched an attack on 17 August 1762. The battle lasted for around eight hours and while Makwanpur was annexed, King Digbardhan and Kanak Singh escaped to Hariharpur Gadhi. After occupying the Makwanpur, the Gorkhali forces planned to take Hariharpur Gadhi, a strategic fort on a mountain ridge of the Mahabharat range, also south of Kathmandu. It controlled another route to the Kathmandu valley. On 4 October 1762,

867-540: The National Population and Housing Census, in 1991 , 2001 and 2011 . The village development committee structure was dissolved on 10 March 2017 to be replaced by gaunpalika . Previously, the Panchayat was dissolved and turned into village development committees by the constitution of Nepal in 1990 . Previous village development committees were either merged with existing municipalities or combined to create

918-539: The Nepal Valley. In a letter to Ram Krishna Kunwar , King Prithvi Narayan Shah was unhappy at the death of Kaji Kalu Pande in Kirtipur and thought it was impossible to conquer Kathmandu valley after the death of Kalu Pande. After the annexation of Kathmandu Valley, King Prithvi Narayan Shah praised in his letter about the valour and wisdom shown by Ramkrishna in the annexation of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur (i.e.

969-576: The Nepal valley at the time) in 1768-69 A.D. Similarly, Vamsharaj Pande , Kalu Pande's eldest son, was the army commander who led attack of Gorkhali side on the Battle of Bhaktapur on 14 April 1769 A.D. After his conquest of the Kathmandu Valley, Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered other smaller territories south of the valley to keep other smaller fiefdoms near his Gurkha state out of British rule. After his kingdom spread from north to south, he made Kantipur

1020-572: The Saptari region with fellow commander Abhiman Singh Basnyat . He crossed the Arun River to reach Chainpur . Later, he achieved victory over the rulers of the Kirant region. King Prithvi Narayan Shah bestowed 22 pairs of Shirpau (special headgear) on Ram Krishna Kunwar in appreciation of his victory over the rulers of the Kirant region. In 1775 A.D., the conqueror king Prithvi Narayan Shah , who expanded

1071-604: The Senas, some to the Khas Mallas, and some to the Shahis. These principalities experienced constant change and instability. Several kingdoms made leagues in order to protect themselves from foreign invasions and for mutual growth. However, due to the economic and geographic conditions prevalent at that time, disputes and battles between the kingdoms were frequent. The Malla kings of the valley engaged in incessant conflicts and skirmishes among themselves and had, at several instances, requested

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1122-871: The Shah dynasty began to expand their kingdom into what is present day North India. Between 1788 and 1791, Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed the Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigatse . Tibet sought help from the Chinese imperial court and the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign. Heavy damages were inflicted on both sides. The Nepali forces retreated step by step back to Nuwakot to stretch Sino-Tibetan forces uncomfortably. The Chinese launched uphill attack during

1173-399: The authority to interact with the more centralised institutions of governance in Nepal. In doing so, the village development committee gives the village people an element of control and responsibility in development, and also ensures proper utilization, distribution of state funds and a greater interaction between government officials, NGOs and agencies. The village development committees within

1224-635: The banks of the Trishuli river on the pretext of a friendly visit and then took him into custody. Tribikram Sen was imprisoned in Nuwakot and Tanahun was officially annexed to the burgeoning Gorkha Empire. As part of his goal of taking the Kathmandu Valley, Prithvi Narayan had planned to first conquer all of the kingdoms and principalities surrounding the Kathmandu Valley. Sensing danger, King Digbardhan Sen and his minister Kanak Singh Baniya of Makwanpur sent their families to safer grounds before they were encircled by

1275-467: The capital of the expanded country, which was then known as the Kingdom of Gorkha (Gorkha Samrajya). King Prithvi Narayan Shah had deployed Sardar Ram Krishna Kunwar to the invasion of Kirant regional areas comprising; Pallo Kirant ( Limbuwan ), Wallo Kirant and Majh Kirant (Khambuwan). On 29 August 1772, Ram Krishna crossed the Dudhkoshi river to invade the lands of King Karna Sen of Kirant and

1326-505: The center is 27° 11' 60.00" N and 86° 46' 59.99" E. Total area of the district is 1,591 square kilometres (614 sq mi). The elevations of the district is 152 m to 3620 m from the sea level. Sunkoshi River and Dudh Koshi river makes natural borders in the North, West and South and a series of hills and small river makes border separating it from Bhojpur District in East. Approximately 56% of

1377-903: The city of Kathmandu . The Shah dynasty that Prithvi Narayan Shah founded would go on to absorb the various warring kingdoms that once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state that stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. Before the Gorkha Empire, the Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region's name in Nepal Bhasa . The regions that constitute present-day Nepal were scattered as numerous independent kingdoms prior to unification. The Kathmandu Valley , then called Nepal Mandala , alone contained three independent kingdoms: Kantipur , Lalitpur , and Bhadgaon . Makwanpur , to

1428-491: The city. A noble of Lalitpur named Danuvanta crossed over to Shah's side and let the Gorkhalis into the town. The victory in the Battle of Kirtipur made Shah's two-decade-long effort to take possession of the Kathmandu Valley possible. After the fall of Kirtipur, Shah took the city-state of Kathmandu in 1768. That same year he also took possession of Lalitpur. In 1769 he took possession of Bhaktapur , completing his conquest of

1479-467: The constant rivalry between Swarup and Vamsharaj Pande , a member of the leading Pande family of Gorkha. The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that he had carried the title of Dewan along with Vamsharaj Pande. King Pratap Singh Shah died on 22 November 1777 A.D. leaving his infant son Rana Bahadur Shah as the King of Nepal . Sarbajit Rana Magar

1530-412: The country. Also, his rival Sriharsh Pant was branded outcast and expelled instead of execution which was prohibited for Brahmins . Prince Bahadur Shah confined his sister-in-law Queen Rajendra Laxmi on the charge of having illicit relation with Sarbajit Rana Magar on 31 August 1778. Subsequently, Sarbajit was executed inside the palace by Prince Bahadur Shah with the help of male servants of

1581-431: The daylight and failed to succeed due to strong counterattack with Khukuri at Nuwakot. The Chinese army suffered a major setback when they tried to cross a monsoon-flooded Betrawati, close to the Gorkhali palace in Nuwakot. A stalemate ensued when Fuk'anggan was keen to protect his troops and wanted to negotiate at Nuwakot. The treaty was more favorable to the Chinese side and prescribed that Nepal had to pay tributes to

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1632-654: The district area is covered with forest, and about 42% is under cultivation. At the time of the 2021 Nepal census , Khotang District had a population of 175,298. Khotang had a literacy rate of 76.0% and a sex ratio of 1023 females per 1000 males. 70,086 (39.98%) lived in urban municipalities. Ethnicity/caste of Khotang district (2021) Ethnicity/caste: 40.98% of the population were Rai , 19.13% Chhetri , 5.62% Bahun , 5.22% Newar , 5.19% Magar , 4.96% Kami , 4.90% Tamang , 3.23% Sarki , 3.01% Damai , 1.82% Bhujel , 1.38% Sanyasi and 1.08% Gurung . Languages of Khotang district (2021) As their first language, 47.63% of

1683-419: The hill fort on September 26, 1744. However, the next year, King Jaya Prakash Malla of Kantipur sent a force under Kashiram Thapa to retake the fort, after defeating the Gorkhali forces at Naldum. Kashiram was repelled and the Gorkhali seized permanent control of Nuwakot. While Prithvi Narayan Shah was occupied with Nuwakot, Tanahun, a small kingdom to the west, took advantage of the king's absence to invade

1734-504: The intervention of Gorkha to settle their disputes. Prithvi Narayan Shah's annexation campaign began with the nearby kingdom of Nuwakot . Nuwakot marked the eastern boundary of the Gorkha Kingdom and was part of the trade route between Tibet and Kathmandu. It was also the western gateway to the Kathmandu Valley. Nara Bhupal Shah , Prithvi Narayan Shah's father, had attempted to invade Nuwakot in 1700, but failed. At that time, Nuwakot

1785-452: The night while his soldiers were asleep. The Gorkhalis managed to rout Gurgin Khan's forces, who retreated back to Bengal. The Shah kings had long set their sights on the Nepal Valley, now also known as Kathmandu Valley , which was host to three wealthy but constantly warring city-states ruled by the Malla dynasty . After conquering Nuwakot, which was the western gateway to the Kathmandu Valley,

1836-460: The plain of Tyangla Phant in the northwest of Kirtipur . Kalu Pande was killed in the battle while Prithvi Narayan himself narrowly escaped with his life into the surrounding hills disguised as a saint . In 1764, Prithvi Narayan assaulted Kirtipur a second time. The attacking forces were under the command of Surapratap Shah, Prithvi Narayan's brother. The Gorkhalis were defeated once again and Surapratap lost his right eye to an arrow while scaling

1887-446: The popular commander Kalu Pande , was beheaded on the conspiracy of Queen Rajendra Laxmi with his support. In the special tribunal meeting at Bhandarkhal garden, east of Kathmandu Durbar, Swaroop Singh held Vamsharaj liable for letting the King of Parbat, Kirtibam Malla to run away in the battle a year ago. He had a fiery conversation with Vamsharaj before Vamsharaj was declared guilty and

1938-454: The population spoke Nepali , 17.52% Chamling , 4.52% Magar Dhut , 3.85% Tamang , 3.82% Bantawa , 3.62% Sampang , 2.71% Dumi , 2.27% Newari , 2.13% Puma , 2.09% Thulung , 1.94% Wambule , 1.35% Nachhiring and 1.27% Koyee . In 2011, Nepali was spoken by 50.12% of the population as their first language. Religion: 52.20% were Hindu , 36.20% Kirati , 8.34% Buddhist , 3.07% Christian , 0.1% Prakriti and 0.3% others. Khotang District

1989-533: The regency of his nephew King Rana Bahadur Shah and on the first moments of his regency ordered Swaroop Singh who was in Pokhara to be beheaded there on the charges of treason . He had gone to Kaski to join Daljit Shah's military campaign of Kaski fearing retaliation of the old courtiers due to his conspiracy against Vamsharaj. He was executed on 24th Shrawan 1842 B.S . After the death of Prithvi Narayan Shah,

2040-481: The rivalry, Sarbajit led the followers of the Queen opposed to Sriharsh Pant who led the followers of Bahadur Shah. The group of Bharadars (officers) led by Sarbajit poisoned the ears of Rajendra Laxmi against Bahadur Shah. Rajendra Laxmi succeeded in the confinement of Prince Bahadur Shah with the help of her new minister Sarbajit. Guru Gajraj Mishra came to rescue Bahadur Shah on the condition that Bahadur Shah should leave

2091-406: The royal palace. Historian Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya asserts that it was actually Chautariya Daljit Shah who led the opposing group against Sarbajit Rana and Rajendra Laxmi. The letter dated B.S. 1835 Bhadra Sudi 11 Roj 4 (1778 A.D.) to Narayan Malla and Vrajabasi Pande asserts the death of Sarbajit under misconduct and the appointment of Bahadur Shah as regent . The death of Sarbajit Rana Magar

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2142-468: The south of the valley, was ruled by the Sen dynasty. To the east of the valley were two relatively larger kingdoms: Vijayapur, and Chaudandi. Both of these kingdoms once belonged to Makawanpur, but Mukunda Sena ( r.  1518–1553 ) had partitioned his kingdom among his sons and relatives and had divided the once large Makawanpur into various principalities. Between the rivers Trishuli and Bheri , known as

2193-414: Was considered to have no distinction of right and wrong. In the annual Pajani (renewal) of that year, Swarup Singh was promoted to the position of Kaji along with Abhiman Singh Basnyat , Amar Singh Thapa and Parashuram Thapa. In Falgun 1832 B.S. , he succeeded in exiling Bahadur Shah, Dal Mardan Shah and Guru Gajraj Mishra on three heinous charges. The reign of King Pratap Singh was characterized by

2244-436: Was further divided into several wards ( Nepali : वडा ) depending on the population of the district, the average being nine wards. The purpose of village development committees is to organise the village people structurally at a local level and creating a partnership between the community and the public sector for improved service delivery system. A village development committee has the status of an autonomous institution and

2295-511: Was made a Kaji along with Balbhadra Shah and Vamsharaj Pande while Daljit Shah was chosen as Chief Chautariya. Historian Dilli Raman Regmi asserts that Sarbajit was chosen as Chief Kazi (equivalent to Prime Minister of Nepal ). Historian Rishikesh Shah asserts that Sarbajit was the head of the Nepalese government for a short period in 1778. Afterwards, rivalry arose between Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal and Queen Rajendra Laxmi . In

2346-438: Was one village secretary. The position was a permanent appointment by the government, from whom they received a salary. The ward members, ward chief, and VDC chiefs were not paid a salary, but they obtained money according to their presence. VDCs were guided by the district development committee, headquarters, and the chief of DDC was a local development officer (LDO). Population and housing details of VDCs in Nepal were provided by

2397-490: Was part of East No. 3 (Okhaldhunga) and half of southern part of current Khotang was part of East No. 4 (Bhojpur). In 1962 the traditional 32 districts were divided into 75 districts thus Khotang county of East No. 4 and some counties from East No. 3 were merged to become the current Khotang District. Geographically, Khotang is a hilly district of Eastern Nepal. It lies on the coordinates of 260° 50" N to 270° 28" N latitude and 860° 26" E to 860° 58" E longitude. Coordinates of

2448-513: Was subsequently executed by beheading on the tribunal. Historian Rishikesh Shah and Ganga Karmacharya claim that he was executed in March 1785. Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya and Tulsi Ram Vaidya claim that he was executed on 21 April 1785. On 2 July 1785, his stiff opponent Prince Regent Bahadur Shah of Nepal was arrested and on the eleventh day of imprisonment on 13 July, his only supporter Queen Rajendra Laxmi died. Then onwards, Bahadur Shah took over

2499-584: Was the process of building the modern Nepalese state , from fractured petty kingdoms including the Baise Rajya (22 Kingdoms) and the Chaubisi Rajya (24 Kingdoms), which began in 1743 AD (1799 BS ). The prominent figure in the unification campaign was Prithvi Narayan Shah , King of Gorkha . On 25 September 1768, he officially announced the creation of the Kingdom of Nepal and moved his capital from Gorkha to

2550-465: Was then made Commander-in-Chief of the Gorkhali Army. Jayant Rana Magar (former Kaji of Gorkha) was made General of the kingdom of Kantipur by Jaya Prakash Malla to defend Nuwakot against Gorkha. Kalu Pande advised Prithvi Narayan Shah to raise a standing army by conscripting men from other regions. A newly fortified Gorkhali force again attacked Nuwakot in 1744 from three sides and managed to capture

2601-473: Was under the administrative control of Kantipur (known today as Kathmandu ). Kantipur supported Nuwakot against the invasion. Following his defeat, Nara Bhupal Shah gave up his efforts and handed administrative power over to his eldest son, Prithvi Narayan Shah and Chandraprabhawati, his eldest queen. In the very year of his coronation, Prithvi Narayan Shah sent Gorkhali troops under Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar to attack Nuwakot. The campaign failed. Kalu Pande

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