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38-513: The town is situated in the upper part of the Southern Bug River, 67 km (42 mi) northeast of Vinnytsia . It is one of the oldest cities of Podillia . The town was first mentioned in writing in 1362. Prince Algirdas gathered a large army for the Battle of Blue Waters , in which he defeated Kotlubug, Kachubej, and Dmytro, who owned Podillia . The town includes an island that served as

76-570: A (river) bend", and derivatives in Russian búga ("low banks of a river, overgrown with bushes"), Polish bugaj ("bushes or woods in a river valley or on a steep river bank"), Latvian bauga ("marshy place by a river"). The Polish linguist Jan Michał Rozwadowski was explaining that the name derived from the Indo-European root "water", "source", "swamp". The 17th-century French military engineer and geographer Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan recorded

114-609: A hiding place for raiders during the Tatar invasions. This island was called Khmilnyk for the hop plants which grew there in abundance; in Ukrainian, "khmilnyk" means hop garden). Khmilnyk is situated not far from "Black Way", the road often used by Tatar armies. In 1434, Khmilnyk became part of Poland's Khmilnyk district of Podillia province. After the town obtained Magdeburg rights in 1448, different crafts and trades grew. Poland considered Khmilnyk to be an advanced post of its possessions, so

152-753: A monument was erected and a service held on 19 August 1988, at the massacre site. On 18 July 2002, the Memorial to the Victims of Nazism was opened in Khmilnyk. While the Ukrainian "police" assisted the Gestapo in killing the victims, the Memorial includes the recognition of the efforts of the Ukrainian people who helped the Jews during the German Nazi occupation at the risk of being killed with their families. On 18 February 1944, after

190-427: A small part is now accessible from the Стара Фортреця ( Stara Fortretsia — "old fortress") Restaurant located directly under the castle. In the eighteenth century, the castle lost its defensive function and was gradually ruined. The preserved mosque tower was restored many times, and between 1804 and 1917 it was turned into an Orthodox Church. Near the castle tower is a building that at first sight seems to be old. This

228-467: A spa resort of republican value. Khmilnyk is a modern balneological resort with seven health centers. It has the capacity to treat 50,000 from Ukraine and other countries every year. The main medicinal factor at the resort is radon water . The radon water is formed during the circulation of water through granites of the Ukrainian crystal shield. Khmilnyk is twinned with: Khmilnyk has several architectural and historical monuments. Saint Trinity Church

266-705: Is a navigable river located in Ukraine . It is the second-longest river in Ukraine. While located in relatively close proximity, the river should not be confused with Western Bug or Bug which flows in opposite direction towards Baltics . The source of the Southern Bug is in the west of Ukraine, in the Volhynian-Podolian Upland , about 145 kilometres (90 miles) from the Polish border, from where it flows southeasterly into

304-847: Is quadratic, with towers on the main façade and corners. There was a dome rotunda on the roof but it was knocked off by a Soviet air attack during World War II. From 1920 to 1964, the building was used for agronomic and electronic schools, storehouses, a mill, and several different establishments. Since 1964 it has been used as a hotel. Now, the building is in very poor condition and needs major repairs. Khmilnyk: History-Culture-Tourism, 2007 [REDACTED] Media related to Khmilnyk at Wikimedia Commons Southern Bug The Southern Bug , also called Southern Buh ( Ukrainian : Південний Буг , romanized :  Pivdennyi Buh ; Russian : Южный Буг , romanized :  Yuzhny Bug ; Romanian : Bugul de Sud or just Bug ), and sometimes Boh River ( Ukrainian : Бог ; Polish : Boh ),

342-611: Is the only preserved castle tower out of the six that were built. In 1534, the king fortified the castle against numerous attacks from the Turks and the Tatars. The castle was built on a man-made hill and town was surrounded with stone walls. A channel dug between the South Bug and Tasthusha rivers turned the town and fort into an island. During the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1654, the castle

380-468: Is the palace of the local landlord K. I. Ksido. At the beginning of the twentieth century, he initiated a project to construct a large palace and park complex according to a design by the Russian architect Ivan Fomin , but it was not finished. The complex consists of the palace and an arc-like Venice bridge over the river. The palace is an example of neoclassical architecture uniting the forms of Renaissance and Classicism . The building has two floors, and

418-498: The 3rd Tank Army , resulting in the reorganisation of the 3rd Tank Army as the 57th Army due to its destruction. In the Battle of Kursk in August 1943, the front operated on the southern shoulder, during which it commanded the Battle of Prokhorovka on the Soviet side. During Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev , which began on August 3, 1943, the front included 38th , 40th , 27th Armies ;

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456-428: The 6th and 5th Guards ; and the 1st and 5th Guards Tank Armies. During this battle both the 1st and 5th Guards Tank Armies made their main effort in the 5th Guards Army sector, and succeeded eventually in liberating both Belgorod and Kharkov. One of the divisions in the 5th Guards Army was the 13th Guards Rifle Division . The front also fought in the subsequent liberation of eastern Ukraine . On October 20, 1943,

494-626: The Bug Estuary ( Black Sea basin) through the southern steppes (see Granite-steppe lands of Buh park). It is 806 kilometres (501 miles) long and drains 63,700 square kilometres (24,600 sq mi). Several regionally important cities and towns in Ukraine are located on the Southern Bug. Beginning in Western Ukraine and moving downstream, in a southeasterly direction, they are: Khmelnytskyi , Khmilnyk , Vinnytsia , Haivoron , Pervomaisk , Voznesensk and Mykolaiv . On several occasions

532-593: The Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic adopted a law on the "administrative-territorial division of Ukraine", dividing it into regional districts. One of these, Pobozhia (meaning lands of the Boh , Ukrainian : Побожжя ), was in the upstream lands of the Southern Bug, near the source of the river. The main tributaries of the Southern Bug are, from source to mouth (length in parentheses): In October 2020,

570-576: The Litinsky Uyezd of Podolia Governorate and remained in this position until the October Revolution (1917). There were four Orthodox churches there until 1910. With industrial development, the town population grew, and in 1915 Khmilnyk had 18,300 people. In 1878, a weaving mill was founded, and in 1905, a brewery, sawmill and iron foundry began operations. There were 1616 craftsmen, which included 470 seamstresses, 250 tailors and 230 furriers. At

608-614: The Lviv-Sandomierz Offensive , during which the Front was controlling the Soviet 1st Guards Tank Army , 3rd Guards Tank Army , 4th Tank Army , 3rd Guards , 5th Guards Army , 13th , 38th , and 60th Armies and 1st Guards Cavalry Corps . It then took part in the battle for Ternopil'. The front participated or conducted battles in Ukraine , Poland , Germany , and Czechoslovakia during 1944 and 1945. The 1st Ukrainian often spearheaded

646-571: The Voronezh Front ( Воронежский Фронт ), was a major formation of the Red Army during World War II , being equivalent to a Western army group . They took part in the capture of Berlin , the capital of Nazi Germany . The Voronezh front was established at the end of June 1942 when tanks of the German Wehrmacht 's 6th Army reached Voronezh during the early stages of Operation Blau . It

684-499: The Voronezh Front was renamed to the 1st Ukrainian Front. This name change reflected the westward advance of the Red Army in its campaign against the German Wehrmacht , leaving Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic behind and moving into Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . During 1944, the front participated with other fronts in the battles of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyy , and the battle of Hube's Pocket in Ukraine. It conducted

722-690: The battle near Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi , the 1st Ukrainian Front began the Proskuriv-Chernivtsi operation, which was decisive for the liberation of the town and the whole district. On the morning of 10 March 1944, soldiers of the 71st and 276th divisions captured the left-bank part of Khmilnyk and the Mazurivka and Sydoryha settlements. After violent fights on 18 March 1944, the town and district were liberated from German invaders. In 1934, scientists found radon water while searching for drinking water in Khmilnyk. Since 1970, Khmilnyk has been designated as

760-521: The 1930s, Khmilnyk became a resort. Khmilnyk was devastated by World War II. In June 1941 the front came close to Khmilnyk, and on 16 July 1941, the German army captured the town. The Jewish population of the occupied town was decimated in a violent genocide. On two bloody Fridays (9 and 16 January 1942), German divisions slaughtered more than 8,000 of the town's inhabitants. In Khmilnyk a total of 11,743 innocent victims were shot to death. To commemorate this,

798-407: The 1970s, the central entrance to the churchyard was closed due to the widening of the road. Now the central gates are situated on the other side. When the weather is fine, everybody in Khmilnyk can hear the ringing of the bells, recently donated to the church by the Polish government. In the center of Khmilnyk, above the river, an eight-sided building with loopholes and counterforts can be seen. This

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836-554: The Southern Bug upstream of Mykolaiv, to facilitate the increasing grain export from Ukraine. As of April 2018, freight navigation was renewed between the estuary and a newly built grain terminal in the village of Prybuzhany, Voznesensk Raion , in the center of the Mykolaiv Oblast . 46°59′N 31°58′E  /  46.983°N 31.967°E  / 46.983; 31.967 1st Ukrainian Front The 1st Ukrainian Front ( Russian : Пéрвый Украи́нский фронт ), previously

874-591: The Southern Bug was stocked with three hundred and fifty kilograms of Hungarian carp and 50 kilograms of silver carp at Khmelnytskyi. The Varvarivskyi Bridge over Southern Bug in Mykolaiv is a swing bridge (facilitating ship building ) with Europe 's largest span (134 m). It is also the southernmost bridge over the river. The river is technically navigable for dozens of kilometers up from its mouth; several river ports (such as Mykolaiv ) exist. In 2011, plans were announced to revive commercial freight navigation on

912-469: The army of Bohdan Khmelnytsky . Maksym Kryvonis captured the castle. More than once, the town was the site of battles between Cossacks and gentry armies. As a result, the town was devastated. In 1672–1699, Khmilnyk was held by the Ottoman Empire Turks. They fortified the castle, built a mosque, and made secret passages. Endless battles between Turks and Poles resulted in the decay of commerce, and

950-468: The beginning of the twentieth century Khmilnyk had undergone social changes. The economic decay of 1907-1910 was interspersed by some economic revivals. In 1911, there were 22 enterprises and 67 different workshops dealing with processing the products of cattle-breeding, woodwork, and metal, and many independent craftsmen. In the 1920s, Soviet authorities settled in Khmilnyk to control the population and discourage intellectuals. Churches were closed down. In

988-705: The encirclement of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad where it destroyed the Hungarian Second Army . Following Operation Saturn, the front was involved in Operation Star , which included the Third Battle of Kharkov , which resulted in a long battle from 2 February to 23 March 1943, and the reversal of much of the Soviet gains by the Germans. During Zvezda the front included the 38th , 40th , 60th , and 69th Armies plus

1026-629: The major part of the Halbe Encirclement , in which most of the German 9th Army was destroyed south of Berlin. By this time the Polish Second Army was operating as part of the Front. Finally 1st Ukrainian Front provided the defence against the counter-attacks by Armee Wenck which aimed to relieve Berlin and the 9th Army , later uniting with the Americans on the Elbe River. The front then completed

1064-496: The name of the river as Bog . From the 16th to the 18th centuries most of the south of Ukraine was under Turkish imperial domination and the colonists renamed the river using their language to the Aq-su , meaning the "White river". Indigenous Slavic toponyms were re-established after the conquest of the Pontic region from Turkish domination in the 17th and 18th centuries. On March 6, 1918,

1102-647: The river served as an international border. At least following the 1768–1774 Russo-Turkish War , and more narrowly the Chyhyryn campaigns, the river became a border between the Imperial Russia and Ottomans. Some 200 years later between 1941 and 1944 during World War II the Southern Bug formed the border between German-occupied Ukraine ( Reichskommissariat Ukraine ) and the Romanian-occupied part of Ukraine, called Transnistria . Herodotus (c. 484–425 BCE) refers to

1140-728: The river using its ancient Greek name: Hypanis. During the Migration Period of the 5th to the 8th centuries CE the Southern Bug represented a major obstacle to all the migrating peoples in the area. In his work Getica , Jordanes calls the river Bogossola . Mentioning of Bogossola could also be found in works of Guido of Pisa . The long-standing local Slavic name of the river, Boh ( Cyrillic : Бог), according to Zbigniew Gołąb as *bugъ / *buga derives from Indo-European verbal root *bheug- (having cognates in old Germanic word *bheugh- etc. with meaning of "bend, turn, moves away"), with hypothetical original meaning of "pertaining to

1178-625: The top of a hill overlooking the town centre. There is a monument to soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War, the Glory Monument to War Heroes, and an obelisk to soldiers of 18th Army, 71st and 276th divisions that liberated Khmilnyk in March 1944. In 1991 a monument to Taras Shevchenko was built. Holy Trinity Church was built in 1603. During the time of the Tatars occupation (1672–1699), it

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1216-582: The town was strengthened. In 1534, the Polish king fortified the town with a stone wall with towers and a castle. After the Brest union in 1596, oppression of the local inhabitants grew, which caused rebellions against the gentry. In 1594, Khmilnyk was captured by Cossack detachments of Severyn Nalyvaiko . In 1637, the Cossacks returned with Pavlyuk as their leader. In the period of the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1654), rebel detachments of Khmilnyk's inhabitants joined

1254-532: The town's population shrank. In 1699, Khmilnyk was recaptured by Poland. In 1793, Khmilnyk and Podillya towns were captured by the Russian Empire. After the formation of Bratslav province on 22 May 1795, Khmilnyk became one of its district towns, and the coat of arms was consolidated into it on 22 January 1796. In 1797 Catherine II presented Khmilnyk and its districts, with a population of 6,070 people, to Count Bezborodko . On June 9, 1804, Khmilnyk became part of

1292-641: The whole Eastern front. The 1st Ukrainian and the 1st Belorussian fronts were the largest and most powerful of all Soviet fronts as they had the objective of reaching Berlin and ending the war. In 1945, the front participated in the Vistula-Oder offensive , and conducted the Silesian and Prague Operations, and the siege of Breslau . It also participated in the Berlin operations in Germany and Poland. The front also conducted

1330-404: Was built in 1603 and restored in 1729. Four Orthodox churches were built between 1801 and 1910. The city has a Turkish mosque and the palace of K.I. Ksido. Monuments to Bogdan Khmelnitsky were built to commemorate his leadership in the liberation war of the Ukrainian people against Polish social and religious oppression (1648–1654). There is a red granite statue of Lenin , seated; the statue sits on

1368-399: Was devastated by Cossacks. From 1672 to 1699, the castle was owned by Turks. They strengthened the defensive buildings, built a mosque and secret passages passing under the river and leading to the outskirts of the city. Some of the passages were later abandoned, used as storehouses, and part was made into a nightclub. The section that passed under the river has since collapsed and flooded. Only

1406-482: Was ruined. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the church was repaired, and in 1728 it was sanctified a second time. The church is a four-pillar basilica in the Toscana baroque style. Side niches are joined by cross-like cranes and the central niche has a semicircle crane. During the 1930s and 1940s, the church was twice closed by communists. A blacksmith's shop was opened at the altar and prisoners worked there. In

1444-560: Was split off the earlier Bryansk Front in order to better defend the Voronezh region. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the front first fought, based on the town of Voronezh on the Don River. The Voronezh Front participated in the Battle of Voronezh , the defensive operations on the approaches to Stalingrad, and in the December 1942 Operation Saturn , the follow-on to

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