Misplaced Pages

#936063

38-438: It is located in the south of the oblast and borders Yagodninsky and Srednekansky Districts in the north, Omsukchansky and Olsky Districts in the east, the territory of the town of oblast significance of Magadan in the south, and Olsky and Tenkinsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 19,252.44 square kilometers (7,433.41 sq mi). Rivers Buyunda , Bakhapcha and Maltan flow northwards across

76-674: A federation of republics; the light decentralization reforms during the era of perestroika (reconstruction) and glasnost (voice-ness, as in freedom of speech) conducted by Mikhail Gorbachev as part of the Helsinki Accords are cited as one of the factors which led to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 as result of the Cold War and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States . There were two very distinct types of republics in

114-596: A flag , a coat of arms , and, with the exception of Russia until 1990, an anthem . Every republic of the Soviet Union also was awarded with the Order of Lenin . The number of the union republics of the USSR varied from 4 to 16. From 1956 until its dissolution in 1991, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. (In 1956, the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, created in 1940,

152-479: A supranational union , it never de facto functioned as one; an example of the ambiguity is that the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the 1930s officially had its own foreign minister , but that office did not exercise any true sovereignty apart from that of the union. The Constitution of the Soviet Union in its various iterations defined the union as a federation with the right of

190-664: A treaty between the Soviet republics of Byelorussia , Russian SFSR (RSFSR) , Transcaucasian Federation , and Ukraine , by which they became its constituent republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union). For most of its history, the USSR was a one-party state led by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . Key functions of the USSR were highly centralized in Moscow until its final years, despite its nominal structure as

228-598: A few exceptions, Soviet oblasts were named after their administrative centers. In 1922, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was divided into 33 administrative divisions also called oblasts . In 1929, oblasts were replaced with larger administrative units known as banovinas . During the Yugoslav Wars , several Serb Autonomous Oblasts were formed in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia . These oblasts were later merged into

266-623: The Arabic language term wilāya ( ولاية ). Republics of the Soviet Union The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics (Russian: Сою́зные Респу́блики , romanized : Soyúznye Respúbliki ) were national-based administrative units of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Soviet Union was formed in 1922 by

304-691: The Belavezha Accords which agreed that the USSR would be dissolved and replaced with a Commonwealth of Independent States . On 25 December, President Gorbachev announced his resignation and turned all executive powers over to Yeltsin. The next day the Council of Republics voted to dissolve the Union . Since then, the republics have been governed independently with some reconstituting themselves as liberal parliamentary republics and others, particularly in Central Asia , devolving into highly autocratic states under

342-712: The European Court of Human Rights , the United Nations Human Rights Council and the United States . In contrast, the Russian government and state officials maintain that the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states was legitimate. Constitutionally, the Soviet Union was a federation . In accordance with provisions present in its Constitution (versions adopted in 1924, 1936 and 1977), each republic retained

380-534: The GOELRO plan , Ivan Alexandrov , as director of the Regionalisation Committee of Gosplan , divided the Soviet Union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". The names of oblasts did not usually correspond to the names of the respective historical regions, as they were created as purely administrative units. With

418-511: The Georgian SSR as a "treaty republic" was never clear or well-defined, making its status as a separate republic disputed. The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was proclaimed in 1918 but did not survive to the founding of the USSR, becoming the short-lived Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFSR. The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida)

SECTION 10

#1732859110937

456-491: The Khasyn River. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Khasynsky District is one of the eight in the oblast. The urban locality (an urban-type settlement ) of Palatka serves as its administrative center . As a municipal division , the district has been incorporated as Khasynsky Urban Okrug since May 1, 2015. Prior to that date, the district was incorporated as Khasynsky Municipal District , which

494-866: The People's Republic of Bulgaria , Todor Zhivkov , suggested in the early 1960s that the country should become a union republic, but the offer was rejected. During the Soviet–Afghan War , the Soviet Union proposed to annex Northern Afghanistan as its 16th union republic in what was to become the Afghan Soviet Socialist Republic . Several of the Union Republics themselves, most notably Russia, were further subdivided into Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs). Though administratively part of their respective Union Republics, ASSRs were also established based on ethnic/cultural lines. According to

532-594: The Republic of Serbian Krajina and the Republika Srpska . Since 1999, Bulgaria has been divided into 28 oblasts, usually translated as "provinces". Before, the country was divided into just nine units, also called oblasts. Oblasts are further subdivided into raions ( districts ), ranging in number from 3 to 10 per entity. Viloyat and welaýat are derived from the Turkish language term vilayet , itself derived from

570-555: The Russian SFSR . Along with the state administrative hierarchy, there existed a parallel structure of party organizations, which allowed the Politburo to exercise large amounts of control over the republics. State administrative organs took direction from the parallel party organs, and appointments of all party and state officials required approval of the central organs of the party. Each republic had its own unique set of state symbols:

608-404: The constitution of the USSR , in case of a union republic voting on leaving the Soviet Union, autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of a referendum , to independently resolve whether they will stay in the USSR or leave with the seceding union republic, as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status. Starting in the late 1980s, under

646-506: The Party lost its control over the State machinery and was banned from operating after an attempted coup d'état . Throughout this period of turmoil, the Soviet government attempted to find a new structure that would reflect the increased authority of the republics. Some autonomous republics, like Tatarstan , Checheno-Ingushetia , Abkhazia , South Ossetia , Crimea , Transnistria , Gagauzia sought

684-500: The Russian term. The term oblast is borrowed from Russian область ( pronounced [ˈobɫəsʲtʲ] ), where it is inherited from Old East Slavic , in turn borrowed from Church Slavonic область oblastĭ 'power, empire', formed from the prefix oб- (cognate with Classical Latin ob 'towards, against' and Ancient Greek ἐπί/ἔπι epi 'in power, in charge') and the stem власть vlastǐ 'power, rule'. In Old East Slavic, it

722-625: The Soviet Union: The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic , a relic of the Soviet-Finnish War (the Winter War ), became the only union republic to be deprived of its status in 1956. The decision to downgrade Karelia to an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR was made unilaterally by the central government without consulting its population. The official basis for downgrading the status of

760-477: The USSR as a whole) to join the United Nations General Assembly as founding members in 1945. The Soviet currency Soviet ruble banknotes all included writings in national languages of all the 15 union republics. All of the former Republics of the Union are now independent countries, with ten of them (all except the Baltic states , Georgia and Ukraine ) being very loosely organized under

798-513: The USSR. Article 78 of the Constitution stated that the territory of the union republic cannot be changed without its agreement. Article 81 of the Constitution stated that "the sovereign rights of Union Republics shall be safeguarded by the USSR". In the final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union officially consisted of fifteen Soviet Socialist Republics (SSRs). All of them, with

SECTION 20

#1732859110937

836-424: The areas where Cossacks lived. In the Soviet Union , oblasts were one of the types of administrative divisions of the union republics . As any administrative units of this level, oblasts were composed of districts ( raions ) and cities/towns directly under oblasts' jurisdiction. Some oblasts also included autonomous entities called autonomous okrugs . Because of the Soviet Union electrification program under

874-683: The district at the western end of the Kolyma Mountains , in the area near the Upper Kolyma Highlands . The Arman , the Khasyn and the Yama flow southwards. The main mountain range in the district is the Maymandzhin Range . The district was established on December 30, 1966 from parts of the territories of the town of Magadan and Yagodninsky and Tenkinsky Districts , and was named after

912-684: The exception of the Russian SFSR (until 1990 ), had their own local party chapters of the All-Union Communist Party . In 1944, amendments to the All-Union Constitution allowed for separate branches of the Red Army for each Soviet Republic. They also allowed for Republic-level commissariats for foreign affairs and defense, allowing them to be recognized as de jure independent states in international law. This allowed for two Soviet Republics, Ukraine and Byelorussia , (as well as

950-509: The heading of the Commonwealth of Independent States . The Baltic states assert that their incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1940 (as the Lithuanian , Latvian , and Estonian SSRs ) under the provisions of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was illegal , and that they therefore remained independent countries under Soviet occupation. Their position is supported by the European Union ,

988-510: The loosening of political restrictions led to fractures within the Communist Party which resulted in a reduced ability to govern the Union effectively. The rise of nationalist and right-wing movements, notably led by Boris Yeltsin in Russia, in the previously homogeneous political system undermined the Union's foundations. With the central role of the Communist Party removed from the constitution,

1026-523: The political foundation of the Soviet Union was formed by the Soviets (Councils) of People's Deputies. These existed at all levels of the administrative hierarchy, with the former "countries" and other regions brought into the union referred to as soviets during their time as republics and with the Soviet Union as a whole under the nominal control of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , located in Moscow within

1064-414: The republic was the changes that had occurred in the national composition of its population (about 80% of the inhabitants were Russians , Belarusians and Ukrainians ), as well as the need to reduce the state apparatus, the cost of maintaining which in 1955 amounted to 19.6 million rubles. Chapter 8 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution is titled as the "Soviet Union is a union state". Article 70 stated that

1102-460: The republics to secede . This constitutional status led to the possibility of the parade of sovereignties once the republic with de facto (albeit not de jure) dominance over the other republics, the Russian one , developed a prevailing political notion asserting that it would be better off if it seceded. The de facto dominance of the Russian republic is the reason that various historians (for example, Dmitri Volkogonov and others) have asserted that

1140-452: The right to secede from the USSR. Throughout the Cold War , this right was widely considered to be meaningless; however, the corresponding Article 72 of the 1977 Constitution was used in December 1991 to effectively dissolve the Soviet Union, when Russia , Ukraine , and Belarus seceded from the Union. Although the Union was created under an initial ideological appearance of forming

1178-427: The rule of Mikhail Gorbachev , the Soviet government undertook a program of political reforms ( glasnost and perestroika ) intended to liberalise and revitalise the Union. These measures, however, had a number of unintended political and social effects. Political liberalisation allowed the governments of the union republics to openly invoke the principles of democracy and nationalism to gain legitimacy. In addition,

Khasynsky District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-459: The union statute in the New Union Treaty. Efforts to found a New Union Treaty , however, proved unsuccessful and the republics began to secede from the Union. By 6 September 1991, the Soviet Union's State Council recognized the independence of Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania bringing the number of union republics down to 12. On 8 December 1991, the remaining leaders of the republics signed

1254-403: The union was a unitary state in fact albeit not in law. In practice, the USSR was a highly centralised entity from its creation in 1922 until the mid-1980s when political forces unleashed by reforms undertaken by Mikhail Gorbachev resulted in the loosening of central control and its ultimate dissolution . Under the constitution adopted in 1936 and modified along the way until October 1977,

1292-430: The union was founded on principles "socialist federalism" as a result of free self-determination of nation and volunteer association of equal in rights soviet socialist republics. Article 71 listed all of 15 union republics that united into the Soviet Union. According to Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution , a Union Republic was a sovereign Soviet socialist state that had united with other Soviet Republics in

1330-555: Was absorbed into the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.) Rather than listing the republics in alphabetical order, the republics were listed in constitutional order (which roughly corresponded to their population and economic power when the republics were formed). However, particularly by the last decades of the Soviet Union, the constitutional order did not correspond to order either by population or economic power. Abkhazia's status in relation to

1368-519: Was also proclaimed in 1918, but did not become a union republic and was made into an autonomous republic of the RSFSR, although the Crimean Tatars had a relative majority until the 1930s or 1940s according to censuses. When the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Soviet Union in 1944, it did not become a union republic, and was instead established as an autonomous republic of the RSFSR. The leader of

1406-624: Was subdivided into four urban settlements and one rural settlement. Oblast An oblast ( / ˈ ɒ b l æ s t / or / ˈ ɒ b l ɑː s t / ) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states , including Belarus , Russia and Ukraine . Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union . The term oblast is often translated into English as 'region' or 'province'. In some countries, oblasts are also known by cognates of

1444-441: Was used alongside оболость obolostǐ —the equivalent of об- 'against' and волость 'territory, state, power' (cognate with English 'wield'; see volost ). In the Russian Empire , oblasts were considered to be administrative units and were included as parts of Governorates General or krais . The majority of then-existing oblasts were on the periphery of the country (e.g. Kars Oblast or Transcaspian Oblast ) or covered

#936063