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35-479: Khan Uul is located in the south, at the foot of one of the four hills of Ulaanbaatar, the Bogd Khan Uul . 47°55′00″N 106°55′00″E  /  47.9167°N 106.9167°E  / 47.9167; 106.9167 This Mongolia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bogd Khan Uul The Bogd Khan Mountain ( Mongolian : Богд хан уул, lit. "Saint Khan Mountain" )

70-480: A salary of 50 lang. This salary was offered to them wrapped in silk on top of the mountain. After the ceremony the food was distributed to the 30 monastic schools and 10 monasteries. The spirits of the mountain were visualized as a strong Khangarid bird and a white-bearded old man riding a deer (Цагаан Өвгөн). These sacred characters could be seen participating in the Tsam dances. Eventually an eight-sided, golden-roofed temple

105-652: Is a mountain in Mongolia that overlooks the nation's capital, Ulaanbaatar , from a height of 2,261 metres (7,418 ft) to the south of the city. The Bogd Khan Mountain, along with Mongolia's other sacred mountains Burkhan Khaldun and Otgontenger , was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on August 6, 1996 in the Cultural category. World Heritage sites are those that exhibit universal natural or cultural significance, or both. In 1783

140-443: Is done for Mosuur Pass. If dispatches are sent as has been begged for in this request for Royal Decree, every year during the two seasons of spring and autumn incense and all necessary silks can be sent to your servants from the subject ministry while here cows, sheep and the like can be provided. Then your servants will receive them and hold ceremonies twice annually. Pronounced earnestly for this reason, we beg Royal Decree. 17th day of

175-459: Is fitting for us to await your Divine Lordship’s unbending charity and blessing. Upon inspection, Mosuur Pass, Mount Geden and Mount Altai are all currently being worshipped by official funds. Since all the saints and disciples of the four Khanates of the Khalkha are earnest in saying that this Khan Uul is very marvelous, please deign to allow annual officially funded worship ceremonies in the same way as

210-786: Is strictly protected. In its forests there are all sorts of animals but hunting them is prohibited. In 1778 the Mongolian governor (minister) of Khuree (Urga, present day Ulaanbaatar ) Sanzaidorj sent a letter to the Qianlong Emperor requesting approval of annual ceremonies dedicated to Mount Bogd Khan Uul. The Mongolian letter and the reply from Beijing in Mongolian is kept in the Central State Archives of Mongolia. The text of governor Sanzaidorj's translated letter reads: Your servant San and us we hereby raise and pronounce this earnestly. Reason for begging Royal Decree: Upon inspection, in

245-537: The 'north pavilion' (北館 pei kuan ) where the Albazinians lived. From the Treaty of Kyakhta this residence became permanent. There was also a Russian Language Institute ( Chinese : 俄羅斯文館 ; pinyin : Éluósī Wénguǎn ; Wade–Giles : O-lo-ssu Wen-kuan ), which was a school where Manchus learned to speak Russian. Founded in 1708, it was incorporated into the newly founded Tongwen Guan in 1862. The Lifan Yuan

280-572: The 9th month of the 43rd year (1778) of Tengeriig Tetgesen (Qianlong reign period) In July 1920 , Roman von Ungern-Sternberg , who obtained the support of the revolted population after the sacrilege that was the imprisonment of the Khutuktu Bogd Khan , positioned his troops on the Bogd Khan Uul, due to its past where Genghis Khan once found refuge. This location offers a very clear view of Urga , former name of Ulaanbaatar , allowing

315-852: The 9th month of the 43rd year (1778) of Tengeriig Tetgesen (Qianlong reign period) To this the Board for Administration of Outlying Regions in Beijing replied in Mongolian: Note of the Gadagadu Muji-yi Zasahu Jurgan (Board for the Administration of Outlying Regions). Sent to the Ministers residing in Khuree. Copy obtained from the Interior Ministry. A Royal Decree was issued on the 25th day of

350-473: The 9th month of the 43rd year of Tengeriig Tetgesen saying: From the administration of Sanzaidorj has come the pronouncement that in the south of Khuree there is a certain Khan Uul. All the princes, dukes, banner governors, saints and disciples of the Khalkha are earnest in saying that this mountain is marvelous. Upon review, it has been raised, pronounced and begged that incense and all necessary silks be sent from

385-524: The Administration of Outlying Regions , Office for Relations with Principalities , Office of Barbarian Control , Office of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs , and Court of Colonial Affairs . etc. The office was initially known as the Mongol Yamen ( Chinese : 蒙古衙門 ; pinyin : Měnggǔ Yámén ; Manchu : ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠵᡠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ,  Möllendorff : monggo jurgan , lit. the Mongol department) when it

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420-752: The Board of Rites to deal with its tributary states to the south and east like the Joseon dynasty of Korea, the Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam, the Ryukyu Kingdom , and the Westerners who came by sea like the Dutch and the English. The Lifan Yuan was established during the reign of Huang Taiji to deal with the empire's Mongol subjects. It later continued to be a separate institution for handling

455-660: The Khan, leading him directly to the summit of the Bogd Khan Mountain. The Chinese soldiers were increasingly astonished and terrified by Ungern's audacity, accentuating this psychological battle, while at the same time, Ungern, on the brink of this victory, was completely cornered. The north was controlled by the Soviets, Manchuria by the Chinese, and he lacked supplies, men, ammunition, and clothing. The Chinese army withdrew significantly under

490-657: The Lifan Yuan were housed in the Bureau of Interpreters ( Chinese : 會同館 ; pinyin : Huìtóng Guǎn ; Wade–Giles : Hui-t'ung Kuan ) in the southeast part of the Inner City , later also known as the Russian hostel ( Chinese : 俄羅斯館 ; pinyin : Éluósī Guǎn ; Wade–Giles : O-lo-ssu Kuan ) due to the predominance of Russian visitors there. It was also called the 'south pavilion' (南館 nan kuan ) to distinguish it from

525-636: The Mongols convinced of his divine support. Finally, Ungern's efforts culminated when the Bogd Geghen Djibsun Damba Khutuktu, the sacred Tulku of the Mongols, imprisoned by the Chinese forces in July 1920 near the Bodgo ül, contacted Ungern and confirmed his approval to be rescued and freed from Chinese rule. Tibetans and Buriats, disguised as Khambo Lama , infiltrated under Ungern's orders to liberate

560-558: The Uliastai river valley close to the Tuul river. On the banks of the Tuul river the Khutugtu (Zanabazar) has two pavilions. The floors of those pavilions are wooden, the walls are brick on one side, the windows are wooden lattice and the roofs are made of stone tiles. On the other side of those pavilions there was a tall mountain which they were calling the Khan Uul mountain. It turns out the mountain

595-552: The city. He promised his men three days of looting, provided they did not cross the sacred thresholds of the temples. On February 1 , 1921 , Ungern, after years of wandering and modest exploits, laid the first stone of his demented dream to restore the Mongol Empire . On February 2 , 1921 , Ungern launched the assault and left the Bogd Khan Uul to conquer Urga. The ceremony of worshipping Mount Bogd Khan Uul used to take place over two days. Religious ceremonies were held on

630-406: The direction of Guo Songling , heading to China with the elite of its troops and three thousand cavalry, leaving the remaining ten thousand completely disorganized, demoralized, silent… The city was curiously deserted at the very end of January 1921 . Ungern lit final bonfires to make believe in esoteric rites, like the arrival of his reinforcements, conforming to the myths that his spies spread in

665-629: The end of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Prior to the establishment of the Zongli Yamen , the Court also supervised the empire's relation with Russia under the treaties of Nerchinsk and Kyakhta . Lifan Yuan was exclusively staffed with members from the Eight Banners . Lifan Yuan was the closest administrative office that the Qing dynasty had that would have been comparable with a foreign policy department. Guests of

700-459: The first day which was followed by a festive naadam on the second day. There are two ovoos (sacred pile of stones or cairns) on Tsetsee Gun (Duke Tsetsee) peak. The east ovoo was called Religion Ovoo, the west was called State Ovoo. Each Ovoo received food offerings, full cow offering and a number of sheep offerings. These offerings were said to be arranged as tall as the ceiling of a 10 walled ger. The various dairy products, airag and yoghurt sent from

735-522: The following notes when covering the period June 2, 1681 to June 16, 1681 (he describes two pavilions that were built somewhere between the current Sky Resort and MCS Coca-Cola Plant in eastern Ulaanbaatar): Near the Selbe river Darkhan Tabunang the zaisan son-in-law of the Tusheet Khan was moving with around 60 of his families. They had come to the Uliastai river which flows into the Tuul river. We were now in

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770-452: The interior in order that worship ceremonies be held in the same way as is legally done for Mosuur Pass. Without delay, let it be ordered to the subject Department that every year in the two seasons of spring and autumn, in accordance with the request raised by Sanzaidorj, incense and all necessary silks are to be sent to Sanzaidorj and his counterparts while other necessary materials are to be provided and prepared there at that place. Then bring

805-638: The local Mongolian government of the Qing dynasty declared the Bogd Khan a protected site, for its beauty. Mount Bogd Khan Uul was already protected during Zanabazar's time. Zanabazar was said to have meditated under a tree called Janchivsembe in Nukht Valley of Mount Bogd Khan Uul. Russian envoy V.S.Turskii, the son of a Tobolsk landowner, was sent to the 1st Jebtsundamba Khutugtu Zanabazar (1635–1723) and his brother Tusheet Khan Chakhundorj in 1681. In his report he makes

840-415: The many princes, dukes, banner governors, saints and disciples of the Khalkha all regard this mountain as marvelous and the former old Khutugtu ( Zanabazar ) himself worshipped it. Until now the many locals here never hunt the animals of the mountain as if they were entitled to hunt them, nor do they move the trees as if they had the right to do so. Your servant Sanzaidorj and the lamas have annually worshipped

875-611: The mountain, as have each of the princes, dukes and banner governors who come to participate in the Assemblies. As your servants see it, if the Lord sends incense and all necessary silks from the relevant subject ministry and ensures annual officially funded worship ceremonies, it seems that would greatly benefit the many people here. In addition, the many princes, dukes, banner governors and lamas have discussed this and agree in totality. Therefore we your servants joyously say to each other now that it

910-595: The princes, dukes and banner governors and let worship ceremonies be held. Earnestly obeying this Decree a copy has been sent to this Board. Therefore we have sent it to the Ceremony Ministry and had them examine and implement the internal contents of the Decree. We have also determined that it be sent and made known to the Household Department and to the Ministers residing in Khuree. Sent for this reason. 29th day of

945-467: The siege to be planned. For two months, Ungern organized immense fires on the mountain that terrorized the superstitious Chinese populations, convinced of rites, and associated them with the sacred pyres commonly organized on the mountain. They believed Ungern was calling on the help of the gods, and perhaps even the help of the Grand Khan. In a true psychological war , his men also spread dark rumors that it

980-595: The south of Khuree there is a certain Khan Uul. This mountain is very big. Whenever the four Khanates ( Aimag ) of the Khalkha gather in Assembly this mountain is the place they point out for gathering. And the multitudes of lamas and disciples of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu all reside here. The word handed down among the locals here says: This mountain is called Khan Uul because Genghis Khan had lived here originally. Indeed

1015-506: The south side of the mountain and join them at the Ovoo. First the Khan's decree was read. The credentials written on yellow silk and other ceremonial silk was burnt in a censer. Then the worshippers would circle the Ovoos clockwise each according to their rank holding silk scarves and offering select food offerings in respect. The two peaks of Mount Bogd Khan Uul were given the title Duke (гүн) and awarded

1050-600: The surrounding provinces were collected a month in advance in Chuluut gorge. On the day of the ceremony these offerings were all loaded on camels and taken up to Tsetsee Gun peak. Khans and nobles ( noyans ) would ascend on horseback up State Gathering Gorge early before sunrise. At the same time around 50 lamas including high-ranking Tsogchin Unzad and Gesgui would make their way from Ikh Khuree (Urga proper) while around 40 lamas would make their way from Manjusri Monastery (built in 1733) on

1085-410: Was a call to the gods, Japanese reinforcements, Russians , or Buriats … This escalated into total paranoia among the Chinese forces, astounded by the fact that Ungern had dared to enter Urga by day, and had corrected a sentry who had fallen asleep by striking him with a whip for lowering his guard. Following this incident, the Chinese were convinced of the support of malevolent spirits with Ungern, and

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1120-596: Was an agency in the government of the Qing dynasty of China which administered the empire's Inner Asian territories such as Mongolia and oversaw the appointments of Ambans in Tibet . Until the 1860s, it was also responsible for the Qing's relations with the Russian Empire . The name Lifan Yuan has various translations in English , including the Board for National Minority Affairs , Court of Territorial Affairs , Board for

1155-471: Was built for the ceremony. It was permanently staffed by two monks who were met weekly by the mountain police to replenish their candle oil and food supplies. Lifan Yuan The Lifan Yuan ( Chinese : 理藩院 ; pinyin : Lǐfān Yuàn ; Manchu : ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡤᠣᠯᠣ ᠪᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠ ᠵᡠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ,  Möllendorff : tulergi golo be dasara jurgan ; Mongolian : Гадаад Монголын төрийг засах явдлын яам, γadaγadu mongγul un törü-yi jasaqu yabudal-un yamun )

1190-477: Was first created in 1636. In 1639 the department was renamed and expanded to "Lifan Yuan" in Chinese and "Tulergi golo be dasara jurgan" in Manchu. The Manchu name literally means the department for the administration of outlying regions. During the period of the late Qing reforms (or "New Policies"), the name was changed again to Lifan Ministry ( Chinese : 理藩部 ; pinyin : Lǐfān Bù ) in 1907 and existed until

1225-663: Was roughly a Qing version of the Xuanzheng Yuan ( Chinese : 宣政院 ; pinyin : Xuānzhèngyuàn ) or Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs , instituted by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty for administering affairs in Tibet. It is to be distinguished from the Ministry of Rites , which was the traditional Chinese institution for dealing with all outsiders during the Ming dynasty . The Qing used

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