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26-766: Ketton was a rural district in Rutland , England from 1894 to 1974, covering the east of the county. The district was named after Ketton . The rural district was formed by the Local Government Act 1894 from the part of the Stamford rural sanitary district in Rutland. At the same time, the remainder of Stamford RSD, which lay in Lincolnshire , Northamptonshire and the Soke of Peterborough became Uffington Rural District , Easton on

52-645: A chapelry of the parish of Alston-cum-Garrigill, and it is believed it may have at one time been connected with Kirkland on the other side of Cross Fell . Alston Moor had some of the largest deposits of lead and zinc ores in Britain. Lead was probably mined in Roman times. The Romans built a fort at Whitley Castle , known to the Romans as Epiacum, and pieces of lead ore and slag have been found there, though few other traces of their work remain. There are various references to

78-405: A rural district was a doughnut-shaped ring around a town (which would be either an urban district or a municipal borough ). A good example of this is Melton and Belvoir Rural District , which surrounded the town of Melton Mowbray . Some rural districts were fragmented, consisting of a number of detached parts , such as Wigan Rural District . Some rural districts had a more rounded shape and had

104-537: A small town or village as the administrative centre. A few rural districts consisted of only one parish (for example, Tintwistle Rural District , Alston with Garrigill Rural District , South Mimms Rural District , King's Lynn Rural District , Disley Rural District and Crowland Rural District ). In such districts there was no separate parish council, and the rural district council exercised its functions. All rural districts in England and Wales were abolished in 1974 (by

130-542: Is a civil parish and electoral ward in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria , England, based around the small town of Alston . It is set in the moorlands of the North Pennines, mostly at an altitude of over 1000 feet. The parish/ward had a population of 2,088 at the 2011 census. As well as the town of Alston, the parish includes the villages of Garrigill and Nenthead , along with

156-711: The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 . They were subdivided into district electoral divisions . In 1921, Ireland was partitioned with Northern Ireland remaining within the United Kingdom, and the rest of the country leaving as the Irish Free State in 1922. In the Irish Free State, rural districts outside of County Dublin were abolished in 1925 under the Local Government Act 1925 amid widespread accusations of corruption . Their functions were transferred to

182-565: The Local Government Act 1972 ) and were typically merged with nearby urban districts or boroughs to form " districts ", which included both urban and rural areas. See Rural districts formed in England and Wales 1894–1974 for the districts created in 1894; List of rural and urban districts in England , and List of rural and urban districts in Wales for a list of rural districts at abolition in 1974. Rural districts were created in Ireland in 1899 under

208-686: The 17th century when it passed to the Radcliffe family who held the title Earl of Derwentwater , but after their part in the failed 1715 Jacobite rising their lands were confiscated by the Government, who assigned it to the Admiralty to support the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich in London. Greenwich Hospital remained the principal landowner in the parish and owner of the extensive mineral rights up until

234-644: The 1960s. The estate was then transferred to the Trustees for Catholic Purposes who in the 1990s sold their remaining properties in Alston Moor. The poet W. H. Auden was to travel a great deal in Britain and abroad, but it is the wild region between the River Tees and Hadrian's Wall which provides the backdrop to many of his poems and plays of the '20s and '30s, and echoes at intervals throughout his life. In America in 1947, an Ordnance Survey map of Alston Moor hung on

260-682: The Greenwich Hospital estate. The principal Anglican church is St Augustine's in Alston, which along with the churches at Garrigill and Nenthead both dedicated to St John and three churches over the county border in Northumberland make up the Team Parish of Alston Moor within the Diocese of Newcastle . Officially Garrigill and Nenthead are separate ecclesiastical parishes, although Garrigill used to be

286-628: The Hill Rural District and Barnack Rural District respectively. The rural district council's offices remained in Stamford, Lincolnshire, outside the district. In 1960 the Local Government Commission for England proposed the abolition of the county of Rutland. The bulk of the county was to become part of Leicestershire, with Ketton RD transferred to a greatly enlarged Cambridgeshire . The plans were not carried through, however and it

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312-676: The Rivers Nent and Black Burn which, along with many other smaller streams, flow into the Tyne. The Rivers Tees and Wear also have their sources on the borders of the parish. Alston Moor originally lay within the Liberty of Tynedale in the county of Northumberland . It was later transferred to Cumberland by the Normans when lead mines were established in the region by Carlisle merchants. The manor of Alston or Alston Moor changed hands several times until

338-458: The area rose to a peak of around 5,000 in this period. By the 1860s, cheaper imports were making the local lead industry unprofitable, and by 1896 the leases had passed to the Vieille Montagne company, who worked the mines for zinc, which had earlier been of little commercial value. The 20th C. saw a gradual decline in mining and the prosperity it had brought to the area. Little remained of

364-538: The county councils The remaining rural districts in County Dublin were similarly abolished in 1930 by the Local Government (Dublin) Act 1930 . The former boundaries of the rural districts in the Republic of Ireland continue to be used for statistical purposes and defining constituencies. In Northern Ireland, rural districts continued to exist until 1973 when they were abolished (along with all other local government of

390-409: The earlier system of sanitary districts (themselves based on poor law unions , but not replacing them). Each rural district had an elected rural district council (RDC), which inherited the functions of the earlier sanitary districts, but also had wider authority over matters such as local planning, council housing , and playgrounds and cemeteries. Matters such as education and major roads were

416-523: The few single-parish rural districts . This remained in existence until 1974 when it became part of the Eden district. On 18 June 1974 the parish was renamed from "Alston with Garrigill" to "Alston Moor". The parish is divided into the wards of Alston (which includes Leadgate), Garrgill and Nenthead. The area is drained by the River South Tyne whose source is located in the fells above Garrigill and also by

442-463: The following decades led to some rural districts being redefined as urban districts or merging with existing urban districts or boroughs. Other rural districts proved to be too small or poor to be viable, and under the Local Government Act 1929 , 236 rural districts were abolished and merged or amalgamated into larger units. Further mergers took place over following decades and by 1965 the number of districts had been reduced to 473. The typical shape of

468-472: The hamlets of Nenthall, Nentsberry, Galligill, Blagill, Ashgill, Leadgate , Bayles and Raise. Alston Moor is part of the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) , the second largest of the 40 AONBs in England and Wales. Under the Local Government Act 1894 , the parish, then known as Alston with Garrigill, which had previously been a rural sanitary district on its own, became one of

494-413: The industry after World War II. Today the remains of the smelt mill at Nenthead Mines can be seen. A few of the old mines are accessible but must only be explored with expert guidance. The traces of hundreds of other small mines, shafts and spoil heaps are merging into the landscape. Alston Moor is home to England's highest golf course. The Golf Club was founded in 1905 and has occupied numerous sites over

520-481: The mines of the area between the 12th & 16th centuries. Most emphasise the value of the silver, which makes up a small (<1%) proportion of the lead ore. This made the mines of interest to the Crown, who charged rents on the silver production. When Sir Edward Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater bought the estate in 1629 for £2,500, the mines were believed to be virtually exhausted. From the 18thC. Greenwich Hospital leased

546-619: The old pattern) and replaced with a system of unitary districts . Rural districts also existed in the Canadian province of Newfoundland to govern certain rural communities. Under Newfoundland's Local Government Act , rural districts and towns together formed the province's municipalities. Under the Municipalities Act , effective April 1, 1980, rural districts where abolished and automatically turned into towns. Alston Moor Alston Moor , formerly known as Alston with Garrigill ,

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572-410: The responsibility of county councils . Until 1930 the rural district councillors were also poor law guardians for the unions of which they formed part. Each parish was represented by one or more councillors. Originally there were 787 rural districts in England and Wales, as they were based directly upon the sanitary districts and poor law unions which had preceded them. Gradual urbanisation over

598-470: The rights to mine for lead and other minerals to a number of companies. The most significant of these was the London Lead Company , but other smaller companies and partnerships also took on leases, with varying degrees of success. The London Lead Company's work led to Alston Moor becoming one of the main lead producing areas in the country by the mid-19th C, especially around Nenthead. The population of

624-487: The wall of Auden's chaotic shack on Fire Island. According to his brother John , Auden came to love Alston Moor more than any other place. The poem entitled 'Alston Moor' dates from 1924, as does 'Allendale'. Close to the River South Tyne, 2 miles north of Alston, lies Randalholme Hall, a 17th-century house incorporating a fourteenth-century pele tower . To the south of Garrigill is the district of Priorsdale which

650-644: Was at one time regarded as separate to the rest of the manor of Alston Moor and was divided into the liberties of Eshgill or Ashgill, The Hill and The Hole which were further subdivided into other properties. Priorsdale was so named as it was originally given to the Priors of Hexham Abbey but passed to the Crown after the Dissolution of the Monasteries who gave it to the Lawson family, though most of it eventually became part of

676-478: Was not until 1974 that the rural district was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 and merged into a single Rutland district. The rural district consisted of nine civil parishes : 52°41′N 0°30′W  /  52.68°N 0.50°W  / 52.68; -0.50 Rural district In England and Wales rural districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) along with urban districts . They replaced

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