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44-565: [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:   "Kerryonians"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( January 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Criminal organization Kerryonians [REDACTED] George Catlin painting of

88-562: A portraitist . After a meeting with "tribal delegation of Indians from the western frontier, Catlin became eager to preserve a record of Native American customs and individuals." Catlin began his journey in 1830 when he accompanied Governor William Clark on a diplomatic mission up the Mississippi River into Native American territory. St. Louis became Catlin's base of operations for five trips he took between 1830 and 1836, eventually visiting fifty tribes. Two years later he ascended

132-424: A bison and exhibits a human-like face that may be a self-portrait given the play on words inherent in the subject matter and the artist's surname. Catlin is also remembered for his research and writing on mouth breathing , inspired by observations made during his travels. This interest is linked to his non-fiction work, The Breath of Life , later retitled as Shut Your Mouth and Save Your Life , in 1862. It

176-501: A new pedestrian plaza created on Cooper Square between East 5th and 6th Streets. The traffic pattern of the area changed significantly, with Astor Place from Lafayette Street to Third Avenue becoming East Eighth Street eastbound, and the formerly bidirectional Cooper Square bus lane becoming northbound-only. The $ 16 million project was first proposed in 2008, then abandoned and re-proposed in 2011. Construction started in September 2013, and

220-596: A studio at the Smithsonian Institution 's "Castle". In 1879, Harrison's widow donated his original Indian Gallery, more than 500 works, along with related artifacts, to the Smithsonian. The nearly complete surviving set of Catlin's first Indian Gallery, painted in the 1830s, is now part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum 's collection. The associated Catlin artifacts are in the collections of

264-610: Is also sometimes used for the neighborhood around the street. It was named for John Jacob Astor (at one time the richest person in the United States), soon after his death in 1848. A $ 21 million reconstruction to implement a redesign of Astor Place began in 2013 and was completed in 2016. The American Guide Series describes the Astor Place district as running from Houston Street north to 14th Street, between Broadway and Third Avenue. The Encyclopedia of New York City defines

308-739: Is contained in Last Rambles amongst the Indians of the Rocky Mountains and the Andes (1868) and My Life among the Indians (ed. by N. G. Humphreys, 1909). Paintings of his Spanish American Indians are published. In 1872, Catlin traveled to Washington, D.C. at the invitation of Joseph Henry , the first secretary of the Smithsonian . Until his death later that year in Jersey City, New Jersey , Catlin worked in

352-525: Is one of the most unusual paintings in Catlin's later oeuvre, dated 1868 and inscribed with the title on the stretcher. It has been called "a folky depiction of a playful cat that bore much of the same technique, wonderment and enthusiasm exhibited in the artist's later depiction of Native Americans." In 1871, after an absence of more than three decades, Catlin returned to the United States and likely brought back

396-742: The Astor , Vanderbilt , and Delano families. Editor and poet William Cullen Bryant , and inventor and entrepreneur Isaac Singer lived in the neighborhood in the 1880s. By the turn of the century, however, warehouses and manufacturing firms moved in, the elite moved to places such as Murray Hill , and the area fell into disrepair. The neighborhood was revitalized beginning in the late 1960s and 1970s. The New York City Department of Transportation 's "Reconstruction of Astor Place and Cooper Square" plan called for some changes to be made to Astor Place beginning in 2013. The street would end at Lafayette Street rather than continuing east to Third Avenue . This allowed

440-623: The Dead Rabbits , Roach Guards , and Chichesters . References [ edit ] Asbury, Herbert The Gangs of New York: A History of the New York Underworld . New York. 1928. ISBN   1-56025-275-8 Ellis, Edward Robb. The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History . New York: Basic Books, 2011. Specific ^ Mitchel P. Roth, Global Organized Crime: A 21st Century Approach Abingdon-on-Thames, UK: Routledge, 2017 ^ James A. Inciardi, Examining

484-904: The Five Points, Manhattan , New York City in 1827 the slum territory of the "Kerryonians" and the other Irish criminal gangs Founded by Irish immigrants from County Kerry , Ireland Founding location Five Points, Manhattan , New York City Years active 1825-1830s Territory Lower East Side , Manhattan , New York City Ethnicity Irish Membership (est.) ? Criminal activities street fighting , knife fighting , assault , murder , robbery Allies Forty Thieves , Shirt Tails , Chichesters , Dead Rabbits , Tammany Hall Rivals Bowery Boys , Forty Thieves , Pelters [REDACTED] The Kerryonians gang were formed from New York City Irish immigrants who had emigrated from County Kerry , Ireland The Kerryonians were

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528-626: The Jello Cube in honor of Peter Cooper was placed in its stead. As of November 2005, the Cube returned with a fresh coat of black paint, still able to spin. Other nearby points of interest include: The IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway has a station named Astor Place at the intersection of Lafayette & East 8th Streets, which is served by the 4 , ​ 6 , and <6> trains. No bus route serves

572-633: The Missouri River more than 3000 km (1900 miles) to Fort Union Trading Post, near what is now the North Dakota-Montana border, where he spent several weeks among indigenous people who were still relatively untouched by European culture. He visited eighteen tribes, including the Pawnee , Omaha , and Ponca in the south and the Mandan , Hidatsa , Cheyenne , Crow , Assiniboine , and Blackfeet to

616-517: The New York Shakespeare Festival ) is located across the street in the former Astor Library building. The trapezium-shaped traffic island in the center of Astor Place is a popular meeting place and center of much skateboarding activity. The island is most notably home to Tony Rosenthal's sculpture " Alamo ", known popularly as "The Cube", which consists of a large, black metal cube mounted on one corner. Installed in 1967 as part of

660-492: The lower part of the New York City borough of Manhattan . It is divided into two sections: One segment runs from Broadway in the west (just below East 8th Street ) to Lafayette Street , and the other runs from Fourth to Third Avenues . The street encompasses two plazas at the intersection with Cooper Square, Lafayette Street, Fourth Avenue, and Eighth Street – Alamo Plaza and Astor Place Station Plaza . "Astor Place"

704-672: The "Sculpture and the Environment" organized by the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs , the Alamo Cube has since become a popular meeting place in the East Village . The sculpture can be spun on its vertical axis by one person with some effort, and two or more people without trouble. In 2003, the cube was the subject of a prank played by the ATF squad (All Too Flat) in which it

748-522: The 2010 novel Shadow Tag by Louise Erdrich , where he is the subject of the unfinished doctoral dissertation by the character Irene America. His 1834 painting Comanche Feats of Horsemanship was featured in the second episode of the HBO drama series Watchmen , " Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship ", which was named for the painting. Astor Place Astor Place is a street in NoHo / East Village , in

792-488: The American Indians. Catlin traveled with his Indian Gallery to major cities such as Pittsburgh , Cincinnati , and New York City . He hung his paintings salon style, side by side and one above another. Visitors identified each painting by the number on the frame, as listed in Catlin's catalogue. Soon after, he began a lifelong effort to sell his collection to the U.S. government. The touring Indian Gallery did not attract

836-788: The Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian . Some 700 sketches are held by the American Museum of Natural History in New York City . Some artifacts from Catlin are in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology collections. The Huntington Library in San Marino, California also holds 239 of Catlin's illustrations of both North and South American Indians, and other illustrative and manuscript material by Catlin. The accuracy of some of Catlin's observations has been questioned. He claimed to be

880-587: The North American Indians , in two volumes, with approximately 300 engravings. Three years later he published 25 plates, entitled Catlin's North American Indian Portfolio, and, in 1848, Eight Years' Travels and Residence in Europe . From 1852 to 1857, he traveled through South and Central America and later returned for further exploration in the American West Coast . The record of these later years

924-544: The association with the riot and was closed down shortly afterwards. The interior was demolished, and the building was turned over to the use of the New York Mercantile Library . From 1852 until 1936, Astor Place was the location of Bible House, headquarters of the American Bible Society . In the mid- to late-19th century, the area was home to many of the wealthiest New Yorkers, including members of

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968-470: The body strong and prevented disease. He observed that mothers repeatedly closed the mouth of their infants while they were sleeping, in order to instill nasal breathing as a habit. He wrote the book to document these observations, stating that "there is no person in society but who will find... improvement in health and enjoyment..." from keeping his or her mouth shut. George Catlin met Clara Bartlett Gregory in 1828 in her hometown of Albany, New York . She

1012-494: The city, the Forty Thieves , to occupy the Five Points area. The Kerryonians were particularly fond of targeting New Yorkers who were of British descent . The Kerryonians also fought a gang named the " Pelters ". They are most known however for disrupting British actor William Charles Macready 's performance at Astor Place around 1825. The Kerryonians were eventually absorbed into the growing street gangs of Five Points such as

1056-659: The development, and the area became a fashionable, upper-class residential district. This location made the gardens accessible to the people of both the Broadway and Bowery districts. Astor Place was the site of the Astor Opera House , at the intersection of Astor Place, East 8th Street, and Lafayette Street. Built to be the fashionable theater in 1847, it was the site of the Astor Place Riot of May 10, 1849. Anti-British feelings were running so high among New York's Irish at

1100-561: The expansion of the "Alamo Plaza", where the Alamo Cube is located, south to the southern sidewalk of Astor Place between Lafayette Street and Cooper Square, and the creation of an expanded sidewalk north of the Cooper Union Foundation Building. The Astor Place subway entrance plaza was also redesigned, and Fourth Avenue south of East 9th Street and the western part of Cooper Square was converted to be used by buses only, with

1144-998: The first printed books to use lithography, Cadwallader D. Colden 's Memoir, Prepared at the Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, and Presented to the Mayor of the City, at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals , published in 1825, with early images of the City of Buffalo . Catlin was born in 1796 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania . While growing up, George encountered "trappers, hunters, explorers and settlers who stayed with his family on their travels west." Catlin

1188-546: The first white man to see the Minnesota pipestone quarries , and pipestone was named catlinite . Catlin exaggerated various features of the site, and his boastful account of his visit aroused his critics, who disputed his claim of being the first white man to investigate the quarry. Previous recorded white visitors include the Groselliers and Radisson , Father Louis Hennepin , Baron de Lahontan, and others. Lewis and Clark noted

1232-590: The height of the Great Famine that they found an outlet in the rivalry between American actor Edwin Forrest and the English William Charles Macready , who were both presenting versions of Macbeth in nearby theatres. The protest in the streets against Macready became so violent that the police fired into the crowd. At least 18 died, and hundreds were injured. The theater itself never recovered from

1276-5210: The justice process: a reader . Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996, p. 12 ^ The Gangs of Philadelphia, Discoveries from the (Philadelphia) City Archives, PhillyHistory.org. By Ken Finkel. February 10, 2016 ^ George Edward Lowen, History of the 71st Regiment, N. G., N. Y., American Guard New York: Veterans association, 71st regiment, N. G., N. Y., 1919 External links [ edit ] v t e Organized crime groups in New York City Italian American Mafia Active The " Five Families ": Bonanno Colombo Gambino Genovese Lucchese Inactive or in decline Camorra in New York City D'Aquila crime family Five Points Gang Morello crime family Murder, Inc. New Springville Boys Purple Gang South Brooklyn Boys Tanglewood Boys Irish Mob Inactive 19th Street Gang 40 Thieves Bowe Brothers Dead Rabbits The Ducky Boys Gopher Gang Grady Gang Hudson Dusters Kerryonians Marginals Patsy Conroy Gang Potashes Short Tails Rhodes Gang Roach Guards Swamp Angels Westies White Hand Gang Whyos Yakey Yakes Jewish-American organized crime Inactive Arnold Rothstein Bugsy Siegel Dutch Schultz Bugs and Meyer Mob Murder, Inc. Brooklyn Thrill Killers Eastman Gang Lenox Avenue Gang New York divorce coercion gang Yiddish Black Hand Zwi Migdal Howard Spira Russian mafia Inactive Evsei Agron's Bratva Marat Balagula's Bratva Potato Bag Gang Eastern and Southeastern European groups Velentzas Organization ( Greek ) The Greenpoint Crew ( Polish ) Rudaj Organization ( Albanian , inactive) Albanian Boys Outlaw motorcycle gangs Active Hells Angels Pagans Inactive Breed African-American groups Active Crips Rollin' 30s Harlem Crips United Blood Nation Nine Trey Gangsters Sex Money Murder Inactive Black Spades Bumpy Johnson's gang Casper Holstein's gang Frank Lucas's gang Frank Matthews' gang Nicky Barnes's Council Supreme Team Stephanie St. Clair's gang Hispanic-American groups Colombian drug cartels Medellín Cartel (inactive) Cali Cartel (inactive) Norte del Valle Cartel (inactive) Dominican gangs Dominicans Don't Play Trinitarios Jheri Curls (inactive) Puerto Rican gangs Latin Kings Ghetto Brothers Mau Maus (inactive) Ñetas Central American gangs 18th Street MS-13 Sur 13 South American gangs Tren de Aragua Chinese American groups Tongs Four Brothers Hip Sing Association On Leong Tong Gangs Flying Dragons Ghost Shadows White Tigers Continentals Foreign Triad gangs 14K Big Circle Gang Sister Ping 's Snakehead Other Asian American groups Born to Kill ( Vietnamese , inactive) Tiny Rascal Gang Other historical groups Atlantic Guards Batavia Street Gang Baxter Street Dudes Boodle Gang Broadway Mob Charlton Street Gang Cherry Hill Gang Chichesters Crazy Butch Gang Daybreak Boys Decepticons Dutch Mob Gas House Gang Honeymoon Gang Hook Gang Lenox Avenue Gang Molasses Gang Neighbors' Sons Savage Nomads Savage Skulls Shirt Tails Slaughter House Gang Tenth Avenue Gang Tub of Blood Bunch Bowery Boys Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerryonians&oldid=1070299541 " Categories : Former gangs in New York City Irish-American gangs Irish-American culture in New York City Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from January 2019 All articles needing additional references Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Pages using infobox criminal organization with ethnicity or ethnic makeup parameters Pages using infobox criminal organization with rivals parameter George Catlin George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872)

1320-436: The neighborhood as between 4th Street and 8th Street, from Broadway to Third Avenue. Astor Place was originally a powwow point for the various Lenape tribes of Manhattan and was called Kintecoying or, "Crossroads of Three Nations". Astor Place was once known as Art Street . From 1767 through 1859, Vauxhall Gardens , a country resort, was located on this street. The area belonged to John Jacob Astor , and Astor Place

1364-607: The north. There he produced the most vivid and penetrating portraits of his career. During later trips along the Arkansas , Red , and Mississippi rivers, as well as visits to Florida and the Great Lakes , he produced more than 500 paintings and gathered a substantial collection of artifacts. When Catlin returned east in 1838, he assembled the paintings and numerous artifacts into his Indian Gallery, and began delivering public lectures that drew on his personal recollections of life among

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1408-611: The painting with him.  It resurfaced in 1957 in the private collection of Lee B. Anderson, a pioneer collector of American art, and was subsequently sold at Christies for $ 47,000 on 24 May 2000. The painting reflects a playful quiet domesticity that contrasts sharply from the American bison that thundered across the Great Plains of the American West in the millions. The majestic long-haired cat itself bears some resemblance to

1452-480: The paintings and artifacts, which he stored in a factory in Philadelphia, as security. Catlin spent the last 20 years of his life trying to re-create his collection, and recreated more than 400 paintings. This second collection of paintings is known as the "Cartoon Collection", since the works are based on the outlines he drew of the works from the 1830s. In 1841, Catlin published Manners, Customs, and Condition of

1496-615: The paying public Catlin needed to stay financially sound, and the United States Congress rejected his initial petition to purchase the works. In 1839, Catlin took his collection across the Atlantic for a tour of European capitals. As a showman and entrepreneur , he initially attracted crowds to his Indian Gallery in London, Brussels, and Paris. The French critic Charles Baudelaire remarked on Catlin's paintings, "He has brought back alive

1540-583: The pipestone quarry in their journals in 1805. The fur trader Philander Prescott had written another account of the area in 1831. After the sale of Catlin's Indian Gallery was rebuffed by the U.S. Congress in May 1838, Catlin felt he could find a more receptive audience in Europe and moved his family to England in November 1839, then to Paris in 1845, and eventually lived in some obscurity in Ostend . Le Chat d'Ostende

1584-492: The proud and free characters of these chiefs, both their nobility and manliness." Catlin wanted to sell his Indian Gallery to the U.S. government to have his life's work preserved intact. His continued attempts to persuade various officials in Washington, D.C. to buy the collection failed. In 1852, he was forced to sell the original Indian Gallery, now 607 paintings, due to personal debts. The industrialist Joseph Harrison acquired

1628-456: The second oldest criminal street gang in New York City but may have been the first gang in the city. The members were made up of recent Irish immigrants from County Kerry , Ireland . There was also a 19th-century Philadelphia gang of the same name . Beginning in the 1820s, the Kerryonians were part of the first wave of the early New York gangs, following behind the first and oldest gang in

1672-407: The work was completed in November 2016. The current 299-seat Off-Broadway Astor Place Theatre , has been located in the landmark Colonnade Row on Lafayette Street, half a block south, since 1969. It was known for premiering works by downtown playwrights like Sam Shepard , but since 1991 has been the home of Blue Man Group , which now owns the theatre. The Joseph Papp Public Theater (home to

1716-620: Was also intrigued by stories told to him by his mother, Polly Sutton, who had been captured by Indians during the 1778 Battle of Wyoming in Pennsylvania . Like his father, Catlin trained at Litchfield Law School when he was 17, although he disliked the field of law. He was admitted to the Bar in 1819 and practiced law for two years before giving it up to travel and study art. In 1823, he studied art in Philadelphia and became known for his work as

1760-724: Was an American lawyer, painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the American frontier . Traveling to the American West five times during the 1830s, Catlin wrote about and painted portraits that depicted the life of the Plains Indians . His early work included engravings, drawn from nature, of sites along the route of the Erie Canal in New York State. Several of his renderings were published in one of

1804-535: Was based on his experiences traveling through the West, where he observed a consistent lifestyle habit among all of the Native American communities he encountered: a preference for nose breathing over mouth breathing. He also observed that they had perfectly straight teeth. He repeatedly heard that this was because they believed that mouth breathing made an individual weak and caused disease, while nasal breathing made

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1848-477: Was eager to escape her family home, not getting along with her father's third wife. After a brief courtship, Clara and George married on May 11, 1828. She was 19, and Catlin was 32. After their marriage, she accompanied him on one of his journeys west. They eventually had four children. Clara and his youngest son died while visiting Paris in 1845. Catlin died on December 23, 1872, aged 76 years in Jersey City, New Jersey . Catlin and his work figure repeatedly in

1892-535: Was renamed after him soon after his death, in 1848. In 1826, he carved out an upper-class neighborhood from the site with Lafayette Street bisecting eastern gardens from western homes. Wealthy New Yorkers, including Astor and other members of the family, built mansions along this central thoroughfare. Astor built the Astor Library in the eastern portion of the neighborhood as a donation to the city. Architect Seth Geer designed row houses called LaGrange Terrace for

1936-525: Was turned into a giant Rubik's Cube . The members of the organization were careful with the prank, as they didn't want to be destructive. The cube stayed up for about 24 hours before city maintenance removed the painted cardboard panels from the sculpture. On March 10, 2005, the Parks Department removed the Cube for maintenance. The original artist and crew replaced a missing bolt, and made a few other minor repairs. A makeshift replica of PVC tubes named

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