84-551: The Kenya National Library Service (KNLS) is a corporate body of the Kenyan government with a mandate to "promote, establish, equip, manage, maintain and develop libraries in Kenya". In its service provision, knls plays a dual role of Public Library and National library of Kenya. knls was established in 1965 by an Act of Parliament of the Laws of Kenya to provide library and information services to
168-505: A country with effective library and information services will achieve continuity in learning and reading beyond the formal school program. Such systems cannot be explained any better than ensuring that library services are accessible to as many Kenyans as possible throughout the country. Public libraries go beyond formal education and they are at the heart of personal and community development. knls promotes reading by providing access to relevant reading materials to all communities. Libraries play
252-614: A data information centre for the World Bank . Public libraries in Kenya have existed since the beginning of the 18th century. These however, were mainly subscription libraries that relied heavily on endowments, members' subscriptions and limited grants from both local and central government. The libraries were exclusively for Europeans and Asians. The first public library, Seif Bin Salim Public Library and Free Reading Area, in Mombasa ,
336-460: A general lack of infrastructure. Poverty, lack of sanitation, and unemployment continue to be the greatest issues for the Mikindani Township, which have ensured low health and safety standards for its residents. Poor, lower class housing is widespread, ranging from simple stone, two-storey structures to mud and earth homes fitted with corrugated iron roofs. Much of the community works outside of
420-550: A major role in stimulating public interest in books and in promoting reading for knowledge, information and enjoyment – thus knls is indeed a "people's university." According to Kenya National Library Service Board Act CAP. 225 of the Laws of Kenya, knls has the following core functions: The library offers the following services; Kenya National Library Service (Maktaba Kuu Building) Community Area, Ngong Road P.O. Box 30573-00100 NAIROBI Government of Kenya The Government of
504-933: A plantation society, which became dependent on slave labour based around the ivory trade. Throughout the early modern period, Mombasa was a key node in the complex and far reaching Indian Ocean trading networks. Its key exports then were ivory, millet , sesamum and coconuts . Today, Mombasa is a tourism-based town, home to one of the state houses , with an extra-large port and an international airport . Sultan of Mombasa Before 1300 [REDACTED] Kilwa Sultanate 1300–1513 [REDACTED] Portuguese Empire 1593–1698 [REDACTED] Imamate of Oman 1698–1728 [REDACTED] Portuguese Empire 1728–1729 [REDACTED] Imamate of Oman 1729–1824 [REDACTED] British Empire 1824–1826 [REDACTED] Sultanate of Muscat and Oman 1826–1887 [REDACTED] British East Africa / Kenya 1887–1963 [REDACTED] Kenya 1963–present The founding of Mombasa
588-520: A prosperous trading town in the 12th century, as the Arab geographer al-Idrisi mentions it in 1151. The oldest stone mosque in Mombasa, Mnara, was built c. 1300. The Mandhry Mosque, built in 1570, has a minaret that contains a regionally specific ogee arch. This suggests that Swahili architecture was an indigenous African product rather than being adopted from non-African Muslims who brought stone architecture to
672-424: A selection tool for scholars, lecturers, students', librarians among others. National Libraries over the ages have been potent instrument for creation, acquisition and dissemination of local content thereby preserving and promoting transmission of cultural practices and values from one generation to another. They are reservoir of recorded knowledge of a community, which is being preserved for posterity. The bibliography
756-481: Is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean . It was the first capital of British East Africa , before Nairobi was elevated to capital status in 1907. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County . The town is known as "the white and blue city" in Kenya. It is the country's oldest ( c. 900 A.D.) and second-largest city after Nairobi, with a population of about 1,208,333 people according to
840-401: Is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour in which there are always moored small craft of many kinds and also great ships, both of which are bound from Sofala and others which come from Cambay and Melinde and others which sail to the island of Zanzibar ." Vasco da Gama was the first known European to visit Mombasa, receiving a chilly reception in 1498. Two years later, the town
924-663: Is also home to one of the largest open-air markets in the African Great Lakes. Bamburi is an outlying township (fifteen minutes drive) along the Malindi road. It is home to Bamburi Cement factory, the largest cement plant in the East African region. Other notable features in the area are the Jomo Kenyatta public beach, commonly known as Pirates, and Haller Park , a nature trail and wildlife conservatory. Kiembeni Estate, also in
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#17328550820541008-549: Is associated with two rulers: Mwana Mkisi and Shehe Mvita. According to legend, Mwana Mkisi is the original ancestor of Mombasa's oldest lineages within Thenashara Taifa (or Twelve Nations). Families associated with the Twelve Nations are still considered the original inhabitants of the city. Mwana Mkisi was a queen from the pre-Islamic era, who founded Kongowea, the original urban settlement on Mombasa Island. Significantly,
1092-593: Is derived from the Arabic words "Qadru r-Rahman" meaning "Decree of (God) the Merciful". Ganjoni : Primarily a middle class residential area, home of second biggest dry dock of Africa after the one in South Africa. Tudor : Another middle class residential area with homes and shops. The Technical University of Mombasa (TUM) is situated in this neighbourhood. Nyali , also considered a prime and up-market residential area, it
1176-769: Is directly elected and thereafter becomes the highest elected official in the county. Each county has its own County Assembly with MCAs ( Members of the County Assembly ) as representatives. The powers of the County are provided in Articles 191 and 192, and in the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution of Kenya and the County Governments Act of 2012. Functions and duties not assigned by the Constitution automatically become
1260-454: Is in Baghani. Englani: Part of Old town between Kibokoni and Makadara. Kuze: Part of Old Town with Swahili culture and architecture. Originally flourishing with Swahili people but becoming a more cosmopolitan neighbourhood. Makadara : Part of Old Town consisting of a high number of descendants of Baluchi former soldiers who settled within this area before it developed into a town. The name
1344-592: Is known as the Parliament of Kenya , and is established under Chapter Eight of the Constitution. It is bicameral , comprising the National Assembly and the Senate . The Legislature is primarily mandated with legislation within the country and is organised as follows: The National Assembly is made up of 349 elected members (known as Member of Parliament or MP), consisting of 290 members elected from constituencies within
1428-486: Is on the mainland north of the island and is linked by the New Nyali Bridge . It has numerous beach front hotels in the area known as the "North Coast". Nyali has two distinct sections – the upmarket Old Nyali and the upcoming New Nyali. For many residents, Nyali has now become a self-contained residential area, with two Nakumatts , a multiplex cinema, shopping malls, banks, schools and post offices. This often eliminates
1512-577: Is run by the Ministries of Kenya. The constitution limits the number of Ministries to a minimum of 14 and maximum of 22. The headings of the ministries are known as Cabinet Secretaries who are all nominated by the President. The President has power to assign and dismiss a Cabinet Secretary. A Cabinet Secretary cannot be an MP and their deputies are known as Principal Secretaries. All civil servants e.g. teachers in public schools or diplomats fall under one of
1596-654: Is separated from the mainland by two creeks : Tudor Creek and Kilindini Harbour . It is connected to the mainland to the north by the Nyali Bridge , to the south by the Likoni Ferry , and to the west by the Makupa Causeway , alongside which runs the Kenya-Uganda Railway . The port serves both Kenya and countries of the interior, linking them to the ocean. The city is served by Moi International Airport located in
1680-481: The Books and Newspapers Act Chapter (CAP) 111 of the laws of Kenya which facilitates the preservation of books, magazines, and other publications produced in the country. According to books and newspaper Act (CAP 111) statute law, Miscellaneous Amendment No. 22 of 1989, the publishers of every book printed and published in Kenya "shall before or within fourteen days after publication of the book, at his own expense deliver to
1764-559: The Judiciary . Each arm is independent of the other and their individual roles are set by the Constitution of Kenya while their powers and duties are further defined by acts of Parliament . The full name of the country is the "Republic of Kenya". Its official Swahili name is "Jamhuri ya Kenya". No other names appear in the Constitution, and these are the names that appear on the country's currency , in treaties, and in legal cases to which
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#17328550820541848-529: The National Assembly and the Senate . The state allows universal suffrage based on the aspiration for fair representation and equality. The only people not allowed to vote are people convicted of an election offence during the preceding five years. Elections in Kenya are overseen by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission . The Counties of Kenya have devolved functions of the former central government. Each county has its own Governor who
1932-576: The President of Kenya . The president is both the country's head of state (performing ceremonial functions) and the head of government (the chief executive). The President is the head of state and government, as in most republics. The President is also the Commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces . The President is the head of the country's Cabinet, which consists of the President,
2016-492: The Swahili people . Shehe Mvitaff superseded the dynasty of Mwana Mkisi and established the first permanent stone mosque on Mombasa Island. Mombasa's oldest extant stone mosque, Mnara, was built c. 1300. Shehe Mvita is remembered as a Muslim of great learning and so is connected more directly with the present ideals of Swahili culture that people identify with Mombasa. The ancient history associated with Mwana Mkisi and Shehe Mvita and
2100-550: The capture of Fort Jesus in 1698, the town came under the influence of the Imamate of Oman , subordinate to the Omani rulers on the island of Unguja , prompting regular local rebellions. Oman appointed three consecutive Governors (Wali in Arabic, Liwali in Swahili ): Mombasa was briefly returned to Portuguese rule by captain-major Álvaro Caetano de Melo Castro (12 March 1728 – 21 September 1729), then four new Omani Liwali until 1746, when
2184-547: The 2019 census. Mombasa's location on the Indian Ocean made it a historical trading centre, and it has been controlled by many countries because of its strategic location. Kenyan school history books place the founding of Mombasa as 900 A.D. It must have been already a prosperous trading town in the 12th century, as the Arab geographer al-Idrisi mentions it in 1151. It was a part of the Kilwa Sultanate from approximately
2268-750: The Arts, State Department for Sports and the Arts, where the Cabinet Secretary is Hon Ababu Namwamba . He has taken over from Amb. (Dr.) Amina C. Mohamed who was the Cabinet Secretary for Sports, Culture and Heritage in the Uhuru Kenyatta Cabinet . National library services in Kenya are offered by Kenya National Library Service through the National Library Division (NLD) . It serves as the repository for legal deposits in accordance with
2352-459: The Bamburi area, hosts around 100,000 residents. The estate has its own supermarket, several retail shops, salons and boutiques, and a number of licensed drinking dens. The establishments include The Shilla Bar, Turkey Base, Stars Garden and Sensera pub. Kiembeni is arguably the largest estate in Mombasa, and growing even faster. Other areas include, Shanzu , Mkomani, Bombolulu , Kisauni and, across
2436-722: The British East Africa Association, later the Imperial British East Africa Company . It came under British administration in 1895. It soon became the capital of the British East Africa Protectorate and the sea terminal of the Uganda Railway , construction of which was started in 1896. Many workers were brought in from British India to build the railway, and the city's fortunes revived. The Sultan of Zanzibar formally presented
2520-519: The Constitution or by an act of Parliament and is nominated by a political party , or is an independent candidate. All members are elected or nominated, including the Speaker, who is elected from persons qualified to be elected as members of Parliament but are not members. In contrast, the Senate is made up of 47 Senators representing each of the 47 counties, 16 women nominated by political parties according to
2604-423: The County Assembly, made up of elected Members of the County Assembly (MCA) as per the number of wards within the county and nominated members. The county assembly is responsible for legislation at the county level in furtherance of the counties' functions and powers as stated in the Constitution. The executive branch is established by Chapter Nine of the Constitution, which vests the country's executive authority in
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2688-595: The Deputy President, the Attorney-General and Cabinet Secretaries nominated and appointed by the President with the approval of the National Assembly. The National Assembly with at least a third of all the members, may set in motion an act to impeach the President. The National Assembly may do so on the grounds of gross violation of the Constitution or any other law, where there is reasons to believing that
2772-538: The Director National library and three copies to the registrar of books and newspapers. All these materials are then published in the Kenya National Bibliography (KNB). The organization maintains a database of Kenya's intellectual output with the aim of achieving effective National Bibliographic Control in line with the principle of Universal Bibliographic Control . Kenya National Bibliography serves as
2856-850: The Government Training Institute (GTI) Mombasa are all in Kizingo as well. Central Business District: The Mombasa central business district across the TSS building roundabout, Moi Avenue, and Nyerere Avenue is densely populated. Organizations such as the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) and businesses such as Banks (ABSA, I&M Ltd, Bank of India Ltd), Insurance Firms (Nomura Insurance Brokers, Masumali Meghji Insurance), and Audit Firms (Anant Bhatt LLP, Pricewaterhouse Coopers LLP, Mazars LLP, Deloitte LLP, and PKF LLP) are located here. Kibokoni : Part of Old Town with Swahili architecture. Fort Jesus
2940-473: The Kenya National Bibliography which contains a list of bibliographic resources, print or audio-visual acquired as legal deposit. The bibliography was first proposed in 1975. Kenya National Bibliography is published annually by the National Library and contains list of bibliographic resources, print or audio-visual acquired as legal deposit. The Legal Deposit Act mandates publishers, to deposit two copies to
3024-626: The Kenyan public. In its service provision, knls plays a dual role of public library and national library of Kenya . The public library services are available in their 64 branches throughout Kenya, while the national library services are available at the headquarters in Nairobi . Currently, the Kenya National Library Service is managed by the government under the Ministry of Youth, Sports and
3108-664: The Likoni Riots of 1997. The Liwatoni Pedestrian Floating Bridge was built and designed to ease pressure on the Likoni ferry crossing by taking up most of the foot traffic, leaving the ferries to serve vehicular and cargo crossing between Mombasa Island and the South Coast. Diani Beach : a beach resort area situated over the Likoni Ferry on the south coast of Mombasa. It is located some 36 km (22 miles) south of Mombasa city on
3192-499: The Mtwapa creek, the popular area of Mtwapa , which is already located in Kilifi county. The North Coast has an entertainment industry which attracts locals and tourists. Likoni : is a lower income and lower-middle-class neighbourhood connected to Mombasa Island by ferry. It is south of Mombasa Island and is made up of mostly Swahili and non-Swahili Bantu tribes. The ferry was the target of
3276-606: The National governments responsibility. As opposed to other devolved governments around the world, only the national government may impose income tax, value-added tax, customs duties and other duties on import and export goods and excise tax. The counties are individually allowed to impose property rates, entertainment taxes and any other tax that it is authorised to impose by an Act of Parliament. Mombasa Mombasa ( / m ɒ m ˈ b æ s ə / mom- BASS -ə ; also US : /- ˈ b ɑː s ə / - BAH -sə )
3360-402: The President has committed a crime under national or international law or for gross misconduct. If the motion to impeach passes in the National Assembly the act to impeach moves to the Senate and if at least two-thirds of all the members of the Senate vote to uphold any impeachment charge, the President shall cease to hold office. The Deputy President is the second-highest executive office in
3444-653: The Registrar such number of copies thereof, not exceeding three in number. And in order to facilitate the publication of the national bibliography of Kenya under 4 (k) of the Kenya National Library Service Board Act, before or within fourteen days, deliver to the Director, Kenya National Library Service, two copies. The National Library Division of the Library Service is charged with annually publishing
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3528-618: The Republic of Kenya (GoK) is the national government of the Republic of Kenya located in East Africa . It is composed of 47 Counties , each county with its own semi-autonomous governments, including the national capital of Nairobi , where the national government is primarily based. The national government is composed of three distinct branches: The Legislature (Parliament), the Executive and
3612-462: The Swahili Coast. During the pre-modern period, Mombasa was an important centre for the trade in spices, gold, and ivory . Its trade links reached as far as India and China. Oral historians today can still recount this period of local history. Indian history shows that there were trade links between Mombasa and Cholas of South India . Throughout the early modern period, Mombasa was a key node in
3696-730: The Zimba slaughtered the Muslim inhabitants, but they were halted at Malindi by the Bantu-speaking Segeju and went home. This stimulated the Portuguese to take over Mombasa a third time in 1589, and four years later they built Fort Jesus to administer the region. Between Lake Malawi and the Zambezi mouth, Kalonga Mzura made an alliance with the Portuguese in 1608 and fielded 4,000 warriors to help defeat their rival Zimba, who were led by chief Lundi. After
3780-489: The area during his travels to the Swahili Coast . He noted the city, although he stayed only one night. He wrote that the people of Mombasa were Shafi'i Muslims, religious people, trustworthy and righteous. Their mosques were made of wood, expertly built. The exact founding date of the city is unknown, but it has a long history. Kenyan school history books place the founding of Mombasa as 900 A.D. It must have been already
3864-409: The building of Fort Jesus , Mombasa was put by the Portuguese under the rule of members of the ruling family of Malindi. In 1631 Dom Jeronimo , the ruler of Mombasa, slaughtered the Portuguese garrison in the city and defeated the relief force sent by the Portuguese. In 1632 Dom Jeronimo left Mombasa and became a pirate. That year the Portuguese returned and established direct rule over Mombasa. With
3948-476: The central government delegated power through devolution since gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1963 until the country held a referendum in 2010 to amend the Constitution, among which amendments was the devolving of certain powers and duties of the national government to the semi-autonomous governments of the newly created counties. The country was initially led by a Prime Minister , but upon
4032-586: The city in search of employment, mainly in service and manufacturing sector. The area is adjacent to the rich suburb of Nyali which employs a portion of the village residents. They are mainly hired as cheap labour as watchmen, gardeners, masons for up coming houses and house help. The most well known villages inside Kongowea include Kisumu Ndogo, Shauri Yako and Mnazi Mmoja, despite being located in this prime area, many residents live under extreme conditions – poor sanitation, high crime rate and lack of basic essential amenities like schools, hospitals and tap water. Kongowea
4116-486: The city wanted to be "the most photographed in Africa". Being a coastal town , Mombasa is characterised by a flat topography. The town of Mombasa is centred on Mombasa Island, but extends to the mainland. The island is separated from the mainland by two creeks , Port Reitz in the south and Tudor Creek in the north. Mombasa has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen : As ). The amount of rainfall essentially depends on
4200-774: The city's best-known monuments, were originally constructed in 1952 by the British administration of the Kenya Colony , commemorating the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to the city. In 2018, as part of an effort to increase tourism, Mombasa County Governor Hassan Joho issued a directive requiring that all buildings in the Old Town and the Central Business District be painted white with Egyptian blue trim and banned all signs from their walls or canopies. Transport, Infrastructure and Public Works County Executive Tawfiq Balala stated that
4284-458: The complex and far-reaching Indian Ocean trading networks. Its key exports were ivory, millet , sesamum and coconuts . Ivory caravans remained a major source of economic prosperity. Mombasa became the major port city of pre-colonial Kenya in the Middle Ages and was used to trade with other African port cities, the Persian Empire , the Arabian Peninsula, India and China. Sixteenth-century Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa wrote, "[Mombasa]
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#17328550820544368-406: The counties, 47 women elected at county-level, 12 nominated representatives and the Speaker, who is an ex-officio member. Each of the 290 members represents the constituency from where they were elected. The members of Parliament serve five-year terms.. In order to be elected as a member of the National Assembly, an individual must be registered as a voter, satisfies any requirements prescribed by
4452-422: The country becoming a full republic in 1964, the Prime Minister's title was changed to President of Kenya. The current structure of government allows power to be held on two levels: The national level and the county level. The country is a representative democracy legislatively, and a direct democracy in the election of its president, who is leader of the Executive branch of government. The Legislative branch
4536-505: The currently established courts. All Judges, including the Chief Justice and the Deputy Chief Justice, are selected by the Judicial Service Commission Archived 13 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine but are officially appointed by the President. However, the persons selected to be the Chief Justice and Deputy Chief Justice must first be vetted by Parliament before being appointed by the President. All other Judges do not need Parliamentary vetting and approval. Magistrates who preside over
4620-466: The destruction of the city under Nuno da Cunha again in 1528 after the Malindi sultan failed to pay tribute . In 1585, a military expedition of the Ottoman Empire , led by Emir 'Ali Bey, successfully captured Mombasa, and other coastal cities in Southeast Africa from the Portuguese. However, Malindi remained loyal to Portugal. The Zimba overcame the towns of Sena and Tete on the Zambezi, and in 1587 they took Kilwa , killing 3,000 people. At Mombasa,
4704-400: The early 14th century until the dissolution of the sultanate in 1513 A.D. The oldest stone mosque in Mombasa, Mnara, was built c. 1300. The Mandhry Mosque, built in 1570, has a minaret that contains a regionally specific ogee arch. The city later came under the occupation and control of the Omani Empire in the late 17th century. In the late pre-colonial period, it was the metropolis of
4788-424: The efforts of Macmillan's widow, Lucie. Initially, the library was meant for Europeans and Asians. The third public library was the Desai Memorial Library which was built in 1942. It only offered services exclusively to Asians until the 1960s. In the late 1950s and 1960s, the British Council and the American Cultural Centre provided limited public library services across racial lines. These libraries did not cater for
4872-470: The founding of an urban settlement on Mombasa Island is still linked to present-day peoples living in Mombasa. The Thenashara Taifa (or Twelve Nations) Swahili lineages recount this ancient history today and are the keepers of local Swahili traditions. Most of the early information on Mombasa comes from the writings of Portuguese chroniclers in the 16th century. The famous Moroccan scholar and traveller Ibn Battuta (1304 – 1368/1369) visited
4956-548: The government. Rural and urban poor communities are better able to tackle their problems and introduce social change if they have access to relevant information that meets their needs and interests. In addition, access to information about the country enables citizens to participate effectively in the art of governance. Through various reading campaigns, knls provides opportunities for communities to enhance their reading and information seeking habits, and therefore sustain literacy. The 2006 Kenya National Adult Literacy Survey estimated
5040-410: The gradual limitation of the democratic system. Kenyatta died in 1978; his vice President Moi took over and in 1982 the country was officially made a one-party state with every other party being outlawed. This was met by resistance over the next decade or so. In 1992 Kenya's first multiparty elections were held. Ever since then elections have been held every 5 years. In 2013 the general election paved
5124-406: The higher courts and are presided over by Judges. These are the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court which hears almost every type of case., the Environment and Land Court and the Industrial Court. The subordinate courts consist of the Magistrates courts, the Kadhi courts, the Courts Martial and any other court or local tribunal as may be established by an Act of Parliament, other than
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#17328550820545208-445: The information needs of the Africans until after independence. Following the recommendations of the East African Library Association and the report of Sidney Hockey, a British Council Library consultant in 1948, Elspeth Huxley who was an author, journalist, broadcaster, environmentalist and government advisor of the colonial government in Kenya. In 1960, a report recommending a centralized state-supported public library system for Kenya
5292-418: The last of them made it independent again (disputed by Oman), as the first of its recorded Sultans: From 9 February 1824 to 25 July 1826, there was a British protectorate over Mombasa, represented by governors. Omani rule was restored in 1826; seven liwalis where appointed. On 24 June 1837, it was nominally annexed by Said bin Sultan of Muscat and Oman . On 25 May 1887 Mombasa was relinquished to
5376-453: The mainland coast and is a prime resort for many local and international tourists. Diani Beach has an airport at Ukunda town to cater for tourists who fly there directly from Nairobi Wilson or any other airports and airfields in the country. Magongo : is an outlying township 20 minutes driving distance northwest of Mombasa Island, situated on the Nairobi Highway. This fringe community lacks any effective electricity, water or sewer systems, with
5460-499: The ministries in the Cabinet. The Judiciary is charged with applying and upholding the law. This is done through a legal system consisting of courts. The Judiciary is led by the Chief Justice. The Chief Justice sits at the Supreme Court whose court decisions are binding to all courts. The current Chief Justice is Chief Justice Martha Koome who is the fifteenth person to hold the office. The courts are divided into two levels: Superior Courts and Subordinate Courts. Superior Courts are
5544-426: The names of both the queen and the city have linguistic and spiritual connections with Central Africa. "Mkisi" is considered the personification of "ukisi" , which means "the holy" in kiKongo . "Kongowea" can similarly be interpreted as the Swahili locative of "kongo" , which denotes the essence of civilizational order in central Africa. These legends can be read as an acknowledgement of the Bantu -speaking origins of
5628-404: The nation is a party. Other terms such as "GoK", "GK" and "Serikali" are often used officially and informally to distinguish the national government from the county governments. The Government's structure consists of power shared between the national government and the county governments. It is a unitary state with a decentralised system as per the new Constitution of Kenya 2010 . Originally
5712-432: The national government while the Senate mainly deals with legislation concerning counties as well as exercising oversight over the county governments. However, both Houses' approval is required in any matter so determined by an act of Parliament, such as presidential appointments to the Executive and Judiciary, military officers and ambassadors. The 47 counties also have a legislative branch within their governments known as
5796-407: The national literacy rate at 61.5% indicating that only 38.5% Kenyan adults were illiterate. The survey also revealed that only 29.6% of the adult population had acquired the desired mastery level of literacy. This meant that the majority of those termed as literate (61.5%) were at risk of losing their literacy skills or could not effectively perform within the context of knowledge economies. However,
5880-474: The need for residents to cross the bridge and to go into the congested Mombasa city centre. Nyali is home for the Nyali Cinemax complex, Mamba Village, the Nyali Golf Club, and some of the most prestigious academic institutions of the Coast Province. Kongowea is a densely populated area with 15 villages, two sub-locations and an estimated population of 106,180 residents. Kongowea is a cosmopolitan settlement mainly inhabited by people from mainland who migrated into
5964-462: The northwest mainland suburb of Chaani. Mombasa CBD Kizingo: Considered the prime residential area of Mombasa. The State House of Mombasa, Provincial Headquarters, The Mombasa Law Courts, and the Municipal Council are located in Kizingo. The Aga Khan Academy, Aga Khan High School, Serani Primary School, Serani High School, Santokben Nursery School, Coast Academy, Jaffery Academy, Mombasa Primary School, Loreto Convent, Mama Ngina Girls' High School and
6048-426: The parties' proportions in the Senate, one man and woman to represent the youth, one man and women to represent persons with disabilities, and the Speaker, who is also an ex-officio member like the National Assembly's Speaker. The National Assembly and Senate each have particular powers. The National Assembly mainly deals with legislation affecting the country at the national level as well as exercising oversight over
6132-463: The position twice on separate occasions. The Deputy President's functions are to be the main assistant to the President and shall deputise for the President in the execution of the President's functions. He must be qualified to become president in order to take the office as he is first in line in the order of presidential succession. The Deputy President as the president is limited to two terms in office. The coat of arms of Kenya The Government
6216-583: The republic. The position before the 2013 general election was known as the Vice-President of Kenya. There have been 12 deputy presidents since independence. The incumbent is Abraham Kithure Kindiki who as William Ruto is part of the Kenya Kwanza . The first person to hold the position was Jaramogi Oginga Odinga . The 8th person to hold the office, Michael Kijana Wamalwa was the first and only person to pass away while in office. George Saitoti has held
6300-399: The rest of Kenya , climate change is already creating challenges for the city: coastal erosion has become a problem for infrastructure in Mombasa. Due to rising sea levels , the coastline has been eroding at 2.5–20 cm (0.98–7.87 in) per year. This has increased the number of annual floods. Mombasa is located on Mombasa Island and sprawls to the surrounding mainlands. The island
6384-440: The season. The rainiest months are April and May, while rainfall is minimal between January and February. Located near the equator, Mombasa has only a slight seasonal temperature variation, with high temperatures ranging 28.8–33.7 °C (83.8–92.7 °F). As a seaport, Mombasa is subject to detrimental consequences of a fluctuating climate. In October 2006, Mombasa experienced a large flood that affected 60,000 people. Like
6468-484: The subordinate courts are selected and appointed by the Judicial Service Commission without the involvement of the President or Parliament. Elections in Kenya that predate 1992 were not multiparty elections. On independence, Kenya voted for Kenyatta as President. However, over the next few years Kenya slowly transitioned from being a democracy to being a one-party state. Kenyatta's regime greatly oversaw
6552-615: The town to the British in 1898. Mombasa became the capital of the Kenya Colony Protectorate of Kenya , sometime between 1887 and around 1906. The capital was later moved because medical officers warned that the ground was swampy, and urged Sir James Hayes Sadler , then Commissioner of the East Africa Protectorate, to plead with London to move the town elsewhere to mitigate potential disease. Nairobi has since been Kenya's capital to date. The Mombasa tusks , one of
6636-494: The township, within Mombasa Island itself as there is a lack of employment and industry. There are a number of small health clinics, shops, and a few public primary schools: Nazarene primary is one school, which is known in particular as being staffed by a revolving volunteer teacher base from Western, and predominately English speaking nations. This small town serves as a link between the city and Moi International Airport. Magongo
6720-463: The way for semi-autonomy of the 47 counties of Kenya. Uhuru Kenyatta , the fourth president won and his coalition the Jubilee Alliance controlled the majority in both houses of Parliament , i.e. the National Assembly and the Senate . The incumbent president William Ruto won the 2022 general elections and his coalition Kenya Kwanza now controls the majority in both houses of Parliament, i.e.
6804-573: Was established in 1903. It was financed by Seif Bin Salim, the son of the then " Liwali " (Arab Governor) of Mombasa, Salim bin Khalfan. The McMillan Memorial Library in Nairobi was the second public library. It was built in 1931 in memory of Lord William Northrop Mcmillan who was among the first settlers in Kenya. The library was built through funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York through
6888-399: Was last published in 2018. The National Library Division is also the sole issuer of International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN) and International Standard Music Numbers (ISMN) for print music. knls subscribes to thousands of e-journals , e-books and other e-resource sites and has a stock of specialized collection of government publications dating back to 1980. In addition it also acts as
6972-609: Was made. That same year, The Macmillan Memorial Library was handed over to the Nairobi City Council , which opened it to everyone. During this same period, the Desai Library was also opened to the general public. In 1965, an act establishing Kenya National Library Service was passed. Provision of information for development through the national and public library network enables people to fight poverty deprivation and illiteracy and thus supports reading and recovery programs by
7056-454: Was sacked by the Portuguese. In 1502, the sultanate became independent from Kilwa Kisiwani and was renamed as Mvita (in Swahili ) or Manbasa ( Arabic ). The Portuguese had since had encounters with the city several times; first under Francisco de Almeida in 1505, later under Afonso de Albuquerque in 1522 to quell an attempted mutiny by the sultan's nephew in Pemba and Zanzibar, and finally
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