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19-452: The Keisei Oshiage Line ( 京成押上線 , Keisei-Oshiage-sen ) is a railway line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by private railway company Keisei Electric Railway . It connects Oshiage Station in Sumida and Aoto Station in Katsushika . The Oshiage Line passes through areas typical of Tokyo's shitamachi ("down town") working-class sections known for their distinctively earthy atmosphere. The following types of service operate on

38-523: A public transit railway owned and operated by private sector, almost always organized as a joint-stock company , or in Japanese: kabushiki gaisha (lit. stock company), but may be any type of private business entity. Although the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies are also kabushiki gaishas, they are not classified as private railways because of their unique status as the primary successors of

57-455: A short branch and was renamed the "Oshiage Line". The line was regauged to 1,435 mm in 1959 in preparation for the introduction of through services upon the opening of Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transport (Toei) Line 1 (present Toei Asakusa Line ) on 4 December 1960, when the line returned to its original role in the Keisei network, to provide trains from its main line to downtown Tokyo via

76-511: A strike is severely limited by government legislation; there is very little tolerance for railway work stoppage. Employees of private railways may legally strike but its unheard of in Japan. There have only been two notable railroad strikes in Japanese history, both by employees of government run entities (government employees are legally barred from striking): One in 1973, and a major strike protesting

95-694: A variety of other businesses that depend on the traffic generated through their transit systems: hotels, department stores, supermarkets, resorts, and real estate development and leasing. Japanese railways, whether government run, semi-public, or private business, are subject to the regulations enforced by the Railway Bureau  [ ja ] of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism . They may join unions such as National Railway Workers' Union and General Federation of Private Railway and Bus Workers' Unions of Japan , but their abilities to call

114-479: Is commonly measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), rather than cargo weight, e.g. a TEU-km would be the equivalent of one twenty-foot container transported one kilometer. Transportation density can be defined as the payload per period, say passenger / day or tonne / day. This can be used as the measure of intensity of the transportation on a particular section or point of transportation infrastructure, say road or railway. This can be used in comparison with

133-491: Is more favorable. Freight is measured in mass-distance . A simple unit of freight is the kilogram-kilometre (kgkm), the service of moving one kilogram of payload a distance of one kilometre. The metric units (pkm and tkm) are used internationally. (In aviation where United States customary units are widely used, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) releases its statistics in

152-804: The Japanese National Railways (JNR). Voluntary sector railways (semi-public) are additionally not classified as shitetsu due to their origins as rural, money-losing JNR lines that have since been transferred to local possession, in spite of their organizational structures being corporatized. Among private railways in Japan, the Japan Private Railway Association  [ ja ] categorizes 16 companies as "major" operators. They are often profitable and tend to be less expensive per passenger-kilometer than JR trains that also run less dense regional routes. Private railways corporations in Japan also run and generate profits from

171-595: The KS Keisei Main Line and KS Narita Sky Access Line Imba Nihon-idai via the KS Keisei Main Line and HS Hokusō Line Shibayama-Chiyoda via the KS Keisei Main Line, KS Keisei Higashi-Narita Line , and SR Shibayama Railway This line constituted part of the original Keisei Main Line, opened in 1914 as a dual track 1,372 mm gauge electrified line, but once the section from Ueno and Nippori to Aoto came into service in 1932, this line became

190-606: The Tokyo Metropolitan Government (pending privatization). The Japan Private Railway Association counts Tokyo Metro as one of the 16 major private railways. In the United States , a private railroad is a railroad owned by a company and serves only that company, and does not hold itself out as a "common carrier" (i.e., it does not provide rail transport services for the general public). Passenger-kilometer The units of measurement in transportation describes

209-436: The unit of measurement used to express various transportation quantities , as used in statistics, planning, and their related applications. The currently popular units are: Passenger-distance is the distance (km or miles) travelled by passengers on transit vehicles ; determined by multiplying the number of unlinked passenger trips by the average length of their trips. Passengers per hour per direction (pphpd) measures

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228-809: The Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Traffic Safety Volume of traffic, or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), is a predictor of crash incidence. All other things being equal, as VMT increases, so will traffic crashes. The relationship may not be simple, however; after a point, increasing congestion leads to reduced speeds, hanging the proportion of crashes that occur at different severity levels. Energy efficiency in transport can be measured in L/100 ;km or miles per gallon (mpg). This can be normalized per vehicle, as in fuel economy in automobiles , or per seat, as for example in fuel economy in aircraft . MacNeal 1994 discusses

247-650: The Toei line. It also provides connections at Oshiage to the Tobu Skytree Line and the Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line . The line is now a de facto main line of Keisei. This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Misplaced Pages. Private railway In Japan , private sector railway ( 私鉄 or 民鉄 , Shitetsu or Mintetsu ) , commonly simply private railway , refers to

266-515: The United States, the unit is used as an aggregate in yearly federal publications, while its usage is more sporadic in other countries. For instance, it appears to compare different kind of roads in some publications as it had been computed on a five-year period between 1995 and 2000. In the United States, it is computed per 100 million miles traveled, while internationally it is computed in 100 million or 1 billion kilometers traveled. According to

285-462: The breakup (and layoffs of tens of thousands of employees) of JNR in 1985. Though private railways such as industrial railways have existed in Japan they are not deemed shitetsu nor mintetsu in Japanese, as their purpose is not public transit. Tokyo Metro is a member of Japan Private Railway Association but is under special laws and its stock is owned by the Japanese Government and

304-407: The construction, running costs of the infrastructure. Fatalities by VMT ( vehicle miles traveled ) is a unit for assessing road traffic fatalities. This metric is computed by dividing the fatalities by the estimated VMT. Usually, transport risk is computed by reference to the distance traveled by people, while for road traffic risk, only vehicle traveled distance is usually taken into account. In

323-595: The line. Nishi-Magome via the A Toei Asakusa Line Yokohama via the A Toei Asakusa Line and KK Keikyū Main Line , and Misakiguchi via the KK Keikyū Kurihama Line Haneda Airport Terminal 1·2 and Terminal 3 via the A Toei Asakusa Line, KK Keikyū Main Line and KK Keikyū Airport Line Narita Airport Terminal 1 via the KS Keisei Main Line Narita Airport Terminal 1 via

342-439: The maximum route capacity of a transport system. A system may carry a high number of passengers per distance (km or mile) but a relatively low number of passengers per bus hour if vehicles operate in congested areas and thus travel at slower speed. A transit system serving a community with a widely dispersed population must operate circuitous routes that tend to carry fewer passengers per distance (km or mile). A higher number

361-471: The metric units.) In the US, sometimes United States customary units are used. The dimension of the measure is the product of the payload mass and the distance transported. A semi truck traveling from Los Angeles to Chicago (approximate distance 2,015 miles) carrying 14 short tons of cargo delivers a service of 14 * 2,015 = 28,210 ton-miles of freight (equal to about 41,187 tkm). Intermodal container traffic

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