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20-589: The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 as a joint venture of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters , the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research , and the Kavli Foundation . It honors, supports, and recognizes scientists for outstanding work in the fields of astrophysics , nanoscience and neuroscience . Three prizes are awarded every second year. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of

40-529: A gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US$ 1,000,000. The medal has a diameter of 70 millimetres (2.8 in), a thickness of 5 millimetres (0.20 in), and weighs 311 grams (11.0 oz). The first Kavli Prizes were awarded on 9 September 2008 in Oslo , presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway . The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters appoints three prize committees consisting of leading international scientists after receiving recommendations made from

60-845: A learned society in Christiania was to support scientific studies and aid publication of academic papers. The idea of the Humboldt -inspired university, where independent research stood strong, had taken over for the instrumental view of a university as a means to produce civil servants. The city already had societies for specific professions, for instance the Norwegian Medical Society which was founded in 1833. However, these societies were open for both academics within medicine as well as physicians outside of academia. The learned society would be open to employed academics only, but from all academic branches. The idea did not come to stay in 1841. Money

80-543: Is a Norwegian gambling company headquartered in Hamar , Norway . Founded in 1948, Norsk Tipping is owned by the Norwegian government and administered by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture . The company offers a wide range of lottery, sports and instant games in the Norwegian market. Since its foundation, the profit from the company’s operations have been channelled back to the Norwegian sport and cultural sectors. Football pools were

100-426: Is distributed back as prizes. Each of the five prizes get a certain percentage of the prize fund, and the money is shared among those eligible. The profit from the lottery is spent on cultural and sports-related activities, formerly research was also funded. In the event that nobody had seven correct numbers, this portion of the prize fund is carried over to next week's draw. The theoretical chance of winning any prize,

120-412: Is done every week live on NRK . In 2004, Norwegians played Lotto for 3,5 billion Norwegian kroner, making it the largest game in the country. In the pot are 34 numbers, and of these seven are drawn as main series numbers, while three additional numbers are drawn for determining certain consolation prizes. Prizes are awarded for (in descending value) Half of the income collected from people participating

140-550: Is honorary president. The Academy aims to fulfill its mission by initiating and supporting research, organizing meetings and international conferences, publishing scientific writings and appointing representatives to national and international bodies. Each year, the Academy organizes at least 12 open meetings with topics covering a wide range of academic disciplines. As of 1 April 2021, the Academy had 946 members, of which 535 were Norwegian and 411 foreign. The members are divided into

160-500: Is microbiologist Lise Øvreås. The General Meeting is the supreme body of the Academy. The board of the Academy consists of its President, Secretary General and Vice-President together with the chairman, vice-chairman and secretary of the two divisions, Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Humanities and Social Sciences. President of the Academy is professor of law, Hans Petter Graver ( UiO ). Vice presidents are; Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund and Anders Elverhøi . King Harald V of Norway

180-642: The All European Academies (ALLEA). The academy is also part of the European Science Academies Advisory Council (EASAC) and one representative from the academy is stationed at the headquarters in Brussels . Its aim is to promote science based governing. The academy has approximately 900 members, both foreign and Norwegian. Prize winners are also added to the member lists upon being awarded. Norsk Tipping Norsk Tipping

200-524: The Norwegian Council of General Research). The academy could merely suggest representatives for this council. Ever since then, the state-driven research councils have been more important than the academy, economically. NAVF and other bodies were merged in 1993 to become the Research Council of Norway . The Board of Directors of the Academy is elected annually. The President of the Academy for 2022

220-556: The Norwegian State took full ownership of the company. Norsk Tipping’s website was established in 1999 with results service and daily updates of the information for players. In 2001, after the webpage was tested, Norsk Tipping started to offer its products on the Internet. In November 2005, Norsk Tipping started to provide most of the games via mobile phones. The company operates the games of chance, Lotto, Viking Lotto, Keno and Joker;

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240-474: The academy led a humble existence. In the early twentieth century, Waldemar Christofer Brøgger (later the university's first rector ) suggested a plan to strengthen the academy. He established the Nansen Foundation , specifically tied to the academy to strengthen its economy. Brøgger's goal was to employ own researchers to secure independence from the university, however this never happened. The purpose of

260-565: The academy remained to advance science and scholarship in general through meetings, seminars and support of research and publications. Nonetheless, the Nansen Foundation and other economic sources were important. They helped in the establishment of other bodies, such as the early Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture . The foundations lost some of their importance after World War II . However, an entirely new source of funding

280-519: The following organisations: Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters The Royal Frederick University in Christiania was established in 1811. The idea of a learned society in Christiania surfaced for the first time in 1841. The city of Trondhjem had no university, but had a learned society, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters , established in 1760. The purpose of

300-606: The games of skill Tipping and Oddsen, and the scratch card game, Flax. In addition, the company operates the TV game, Extra, on behalf of the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation. Norsk Tipping games are also available to play on smartphones and on their website. All games from Norsk Tipping except Flax requires the player to be registered and have a playcard. Lotto is a money game established in 1986 and modeled after similar games in other countries. The drawing of numbers

320-709: The mathematics and science class, and the humanities and social sciences class. The academy is responsible for awarding the Abel Prize in mathematics and the Kavli Prize in astrophysics , nanoscience and neuroscience . It also represents Norway in the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Union Académique Internationale (UAI), the European Science Foundation (ESF) and

340-639: The only game when the Norsk Tipping AS was founded in 1948. At that time, the organisation was run as a limited company with the Norwegian State holding 40%, the Norwegian Sports Federation 40%, and the Norwegian Football Association 20%. The profit was at first shared between sports and research projects. Today the company also raises money for cultural causes, and the surplus is divided 50/50 between sports and culture. In 1993,

360-493: Was a problem; also there were "doubts with regards to the adequacy of the scientific powers". However, cross-disciplinary cooperation was flourishing. The first scientific congress in Norway was held in 1844. Two hundred people within the natural sciences and medicine convened for the fourth Scandinavian meeting of natural researchers. Finally, in 1857 a source of finances were found: professor of medicine Frants C. Faye . The academy

380-468: Was found, as Otto Lous Mohr suggested to use surplus from a state-owned, national lottery. The establishment of Norsk Tipping was laid down in 1946, and took place in 1947. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters wished to administer this income through a council of its own, but the Government of Norway refused and created the research council NAVF ( Norges allmennvitenskapelige forskningsråd ,

400-445: Was founded, and inaugurated on 3 May 1857 under the name Videnskabsselskabet i Christiania . "Christiania" was later changed to "Kristiania". The name Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Kristiania was taken in the early twentieth century, and from 1924 "i Kristiania" was dropped, when Oslo voted to return the name to its original Norwegian name. The economic support from the state was minimal during its first fifty years. As such

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