23-579: S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar (15 December 1859 – 12 December 1923) was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist , politician and journalist who served as the managing director of The Hindu from 1 April 1905 until his death. He opposed the Mylapore clique as the leader of the Egmore clique . His eldest brother, Diwan Bahadur S. Srinivasa Raghavaiyangar , served as the Inspector General of Registration in
46-456: A great deal. In 1902, he travelled overland to India heading first to Moscow and on to Isfahan, Quetta, Delhi and, finally, Calcutta, where he met with Lord George Nathaniel Curzon . Chirol and Curzon got on quite well, having first met in Cairo in 1895. Chirol was impressed with Curzon's fine governing calling him "a marvellous man for work". Chirol's first visit to India inspired a longtime love for
69-746: A legal correspondent with The Hindu which was run by G. Subramania Iyer . He wrote a well-known column in the newspaper The Coimbatore Letters . During this period, he also got ample encouragement from C. Karunakara Menon . The rich and prosperous Kasturi Ranga Iyengar purchased the newspaper for a price of INR 75,000 on 1 April 1905. He became the editor of The Hindu and became the powerful voice of people's aspiration. In July 1905, Kasturi Ranga Iyengar appointed his nephew A. Rangaswami Iyengar as assistant editor. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar worked to rescue The Hindu by increasing advertisements and terminating subscriptions to customers who did not pay in advance. The tactic proved successful and Kasturi Ranga Iyengar
92-577: The Madras Presidency . Srinivasa Raghavaiyangar, in 1893, wrote Memorandum of Progress of the Madras Presidency during the last forty years of British administration to refute the charges of economic exploitation made by nationalists. Yet another elder brother, Soundararaja Iyengar, was the father of Sangeetha Kalanidhi awardee T. Brinda , and he was Deputy Collector in Madras and Kumbhakonam , and
115-616: The Maitreya Buddha . However, The Hindu offered its enthusiastic support to her Home Rule Movement and protested her internment at the orders of Lord Pentland . It also strongly condemned the protests and the resultant killings of Jallianwala Bagh massacre . Kasturi Ranga Iyengar died on 12 December 1923, three days before his 64th birthday. He was succeeded as editor by his nephew, S. Rangaswami Iyengar . and as managing director of The Hindu by his eldest son, K. Srinivasan . Prior to Kasturi Ranga Iyengar's purchase of The Hindu , he
138-754: The Allied side. In addition, he wrote a stern critique of the Foreign Office's failings in the region, including the ongoing quagmire at Gallipoli . Deprecatory comments in Chirol's book, Indian Unrest , resulted in a civil suit being brought against him in London by Bal Gangadhar Tilak , in the Indian independence movement . Although Tilak ultimately lost the suit, Chirol ended up spending almost two years in India on account of it, missing
161-453: The Foreign Office, Chirol returned to travelling where things were much quicker. Having begun to learn Arabic before he left England, he set off to Egypt arriving in Cairo where he took up residence. In 1879, he set off for Beirut not long after the British had taken control of Cyprus. From there, he travelled inland through Syria with Laurence Oliphant from whom he would later learn to draw. In
184-665: The Germans enter the city. Thanks to his good French and German, he was able to come and go easily passing for a citizen of either side, and he began to acquire his taste for adventure and politics. Given the chaos in France, the Chirols returned to their family home in Hove . In April 1872, Chirol joined the Foreign Office where he worked for until spring 1876. Unsatisfied with the slow pace of life in
207-622: The Middle East, he took up journalism for the first time, for the Levant Herald , then the leading newspaper in the Near East. Chirol moved on travelling, to Istanbul and later throughout the Balkans. From the travels came his first book, Twixt Greek and Turk . Chirol began as correspondent and editor of The Times travelling across the globe writing about international events. His first major post
230-505: The Occident and the Orient and warned against American isolationism , which he greatly feared. He spent the remainder of his retired life travelling the world to places like Morocco, Egypt, South Africa and, especially, India. In addition, he published a number of other books. Chirol died in London in 1929 and was missed by many. Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm called him the "friend of viceroys,
253-618: The US Congress, facilitated by his close friend, Sir Cecil Spring Rice . After two decades as a journalist he retired from The Times on 21 December 1911 and was knighted shortly thereafter, on 1 January 1912, for his distinguished service as a foreign affairs advisor. He rejoined the Foreign Office as a diplomat and was soon on his way to the Balkans as World War I broke out. Travelling through Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania, Chirol, along with J.D. Gregory, met with foreign officials and heads of state to help convince them to join
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#1732855859948276-560: The book to his new friend, Curzon, whom he would soon see again. In November 1903 he sailed to Karachi where he boarded a yacht to tour the Persian Gulf with Lord and Lady Curzon. Other notable guests on the voyage included a young Winston Churchill . Chirol returned to London by Christmas and just as the Russo-Japanese War was breaking out. He later travelled to Washington D.C., where he met with Theodore Roosevelt and many members of
299-465: The bulk of World War I. He later travelled to Paris as part of a government delegation whose job it was to work on terms of peace. Though no longer formally with the newspaper, Chirol continued to write articles occasionally and maintained his wide range of journalistic and diplomatic contacts. In 1924, he travelled to the United States on a lecture tour and he spoke about the growing problems between
322-494: The place to which he would often return throughout his life. Towards the end of his trip, he travelled north to Indore where he stayed with Sir Francis Younghusband . After returning to London, Chirol continued working on his next book, The Middle Eastern Question , based on a series of 19 articles by Chirol that appeared in The Times in 1902 and 1903. His book helped to bring the term Middle East into common usage. Chirol dedicated
345-470: The use of many methods. This is a list of individuals who notably campaigned against or are considered to have campaigned against colonial rule on the Indian sub-continent . Post-independence, the term "freedom fighter" was officially recognized by the Indian government for those who took part in the movement; people in this category (which can also include dependent family members) receive pensions and other benefits such as Special Railway Counters. He
368-486: Was able to clear his debts by 1910. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar subscribed to the Reuters news service and allotted space for weather reports , court cases , trade and commerce as well as sports. In 1905, The Hindu , in its editorial, demanded partial autonomy but not independence for India. It also strongly criticised Annie Besant and her Theosophical Society , including her lavish promotional campaign of J. Krishnamurti as
391-411: Was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the 5th president of India from 1974 to 1977. In his memory, the government of Tamil Nadu conducts a Pooja ceremony every year on 11 July. A documentary film based on his life was released in 2012. Valentine Chirol Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol (28 May 1852 – 22 October 1929) was a British journalist, author, historian and diplomat. He
414-582: Was associated with Madras Music Academy . The Music Academy confers an award in the memory of Kasturi Ranga Iyengar. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar was born on 15 December 1859 in the village Innambur in Kumbakonam. On completion of his education, he moved to Coimbatore to commence practice as a lawyer. He set up a prosperous vocation and moved to Madras to try his luck there. He was not as successful in Madras as he had been in Coimbatore. Eventually, in 1895, he became
437-494: Was instead given a grand welcome with all honours by the Vaishnavite orthodoxy. Iyengar's descendants now own The Hindu Group through their family's company, Kasturi & Sons . Ltd. Indian independence activist The Indian independence movement consisted of efforts by individuals and organizations from a wide spectrum of society to obtain political independence from the British, French and Portuguese rule through
460-630: Was just as intelligent and talented as his illustrious brother. During his tenure as managing-director, Kasturi Ranga Iyengar locked horns with V. Krishnaswami Iyer , Annie Besant and Sir Valentine Chirol , to whom he gave the rejoinder: "I am not here to learn journalistic etiquette from you," when the former made rude comments on the latter. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar also fought with governors Sir Arthur Lawley and Lord Pentland . Iyengar exerted as much influence by his fabulous wealth as he did with his writing. Instead of being chastised and compelled to undergo ritual cleansing on his arrival from England, he
483-519: Was not much interested in entering public life. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar had the courage to buy a struggling newspaper and embark upon a new enterprise he had no experience in. He was also comparatively new to politics when he made a plunge into the political scenario; yet he was extremely successful for a newcomer. There was always the concern that at some point or the other, he might abandon his anti-British and Indian nationalist attitude. However, this estimation proved to be false. Contemporaries assert that he
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#1732855859948506-597: Was the son of the Rev. Alexander Chirol and Harriet Chirol. His education was mostly in France and Germany. Growing up in France with his parents, Chirol lived in the city of Versailles , where he also finished secondary school. In 1869, the young Chirol, already bilingual, moved to Germany, residing in a small town near Frankfurt am Main . By 1870, the Franco-Prussian War had broken out, which Chirol experienced from both sides. He returned to Paris in 1871, just in time to see
529-688: Was to Berlin in 1892 where he formed many close relationships with the German Foreign Ministry including the Foreign Minister. He lived there until 1896 and reported on Anglo-German relations. Even after returning to London, Chirol travelled back to Berlin and often acted as a backchannel between the English and Germans. Later, he succeeded Donald Mackenzie Wallace as director of foreign department of The Times in 1899. Despite being in charge of The Times foreign line, he still managed to travel
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