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31-663: The upper Kara Darya flows northwest across eastern Osh Region southwest of and parallel to the Fergana Range . It enters the Fergana Valley and Uzbek territory a few kilometres west of Özgön . In its lower course through the Fergana Valley it is used for irrigation . There is a dam at Kuyganyor (north of Andijan) where part of its water is diverted into the Great Fergana Canal . The Andijan Dam , built in 1973, created

62-572: A location in Central Asia. Rainfall is generally light and erratic, and summers are particularly dry. Fertile soils , abundance of heat and light , long frost-free period (about 210 days a year) favor the cultivation of heat-loving crops - cotton , mulberry , citrus and other subtropical crops in the vicinity of the city. Andijan is surrounded by the foothills of the Pamir and Tian Shan mountains, which in summer are covered with snowy peaks, and in

93-525: A population of 458,500. Representatives of many ethnic groups can be found in the city. Uzbeks are the largest ethnic group. Andijan has been an important craft and trade center in the Fergana Valley since the 15th century. After annexation by the Russians in 1876, the economy of the city started to grow significantly. Several industrial plants were built in Andijan after the city was connected with Russia with

124-551: A railway line in 1889. Several hospitals, pharmacies, banks, and printing houses were established in the city during that period. After Soviet rule was established in late December 1917, both light and heavy industries developed significantly. Andijan became the first city in Uzbekistan to be fully supplied with natural gas . Andijan remains an important industrial city in independent Uzbekistan. There are 48 large industrial plants and about 3,000 small and medium enterprises in

155-417: A repressive regime in the country. Whether troops fired indiscriminately to prevent a colour revolution or acted legitimately to quell a prison break is also disputed. Another theory is that the dispute was really an inter-clan struggle for state power. The Uzbek government eventually acknowledged that poor economic conditions in the region and popular resentment played a role in the uprising. Andijan

186-406: Is Osh , which is not part of the region. It is bounded (clockwise) by Jalal-Abad Region , Naryn Region , China ( Xinjiang ), Tajikistan ( Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region ), Batken Region , and Uzbekistan ( Andijan and Fergana Regions ). Its total area is 28,934 km (11,171 sq mi). The resident population of the region

217-536: Is a city in Uzbekistan . It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Andijan Region . Andijan is a district-level city with an area of 74 km (29 sq mi). Andijan is the most densely populated city with density of 10,000 people/km and it had 747,800 inhabitants in 2024. Andijan is located in a tense border region at the south-eastern edge of the Fergana Valley near Uzbekistan's border with Kyrgyzstan . At more 2,500 years in age, Andijan

248-468: Is complex and yet to be fully determined, involving as it does not only the speculation of certain scholars but also the cautious interpretation of several local folk legends: There are four higher education institutions in Andijan City. Andijan state university, Andijan medical institute, Andijan machine-building institute and Andijan branch Tashkent state agrarian university. The Andijan Medical Institute

279-453: Is divided administratively into seven districts: Kara-Suu , Nookat and Özgön are cities of district significance. There are no urban-type settlements in the region. The resident population of Osh Region, according to the Population and Housing Census of 2009, was 1,104,248. Of these, 87,824 people live in urban areas, and 1,016,424 in rural ones. The official population estimate for

310-476: Is located 450 metres (1,480 ft) above sea level on the southeastern edge of the Fergana Valley , near Uzbekistan's border with Kyrgyzstan . By road it is 22 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of Asaka and 68.6 kilometres (42.6 mi) southeast of Namangan . Andijan has a cold semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSk ) with cold winters and hot summers, with a very continental climate , although winters are milder than one might expect for

341-433: Is the largest of the four. In 2022, Andijan state institute of foreign languages was founded, being the only state institute where foreign languages are taught. The city is also home to four colleges, one academic lyceum, 21 vocational schools, 47 secondary schools, three music and art schools, nine sports schools, and 86 kindergartens. Andijan Jame Mosque Complex architectural monument (late 19th century). It consists of

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372-450: Is the oldest city in Uzbekistan and one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley. In some parts of the city, archeologists have found items dating back to the 7th and 8th centuries B.C.E. Historically, Andijan was an important city on the Silk Road . The city is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Babur who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for

403-600: Is the tiny village of Barak (population 627) in the Fergana valley, located on the road from Osh (Kyrgyzstan) to Xoʻjaobod (Uzbekistan) about 4 km north-west from the Kyrgyz–Uzbek border in the direction of Andijan . Andijan Andijan ( / ˌ æ n d ɪ ˈ dʒ æ n , - ˈ dʒ ɑː n / AN-dih-JAN, -⁠JAHN ), also spelt Andijon ( Uzbek: [ˌændɪˈdʒɒn] ) and formerly romanized as Andizhan ( Russian : Андижан [əndʲɪˈʐan] ),

434-550: The Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi-occupied Poland and banished by the Soviets to Siberia and Central Asia , some relocated to Andijan starting in 1941. In the 1990s, Andijan and the surrounding region became politically unstable. Poverty and an upsurge in Islamic fundamentalism produced tensions in the region. The town, and the region as a whole, suffered a severe economic decline following

465-813: The Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. Andijan also gained notoriety in 2005 when government forces opened fire on protestors, killing hundreds in what came to be known as the Andijan Massacre . Andijan was developed into an important industrial city during the Soviet era. Manufactured goods produced in the city include chemicals , domestic appliances , electronics , foodstuffs , furniture , plows , pumps , shoes , spare parts for farming machines, various engineering tools, and wheelchairs . Andijan experiences frequent seismic activity and

496-503: The SNB alleged that 1,500 were killed. The bodies of many of those who died were allegedly hidden in mass graves following the massacre . The Uzbek government at first stated that the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan organized the unrest and that the protesters were members of Hizb ut-Tahrir . Critics have argued that the radical Islamist label has been just a pretext for maintaining

527-501: The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Repeated border closures badly damaged the local economy, worsening the already widespread poverty of Andijan's inhabitants. On 13 May 2005, Uzbekistan's military opened fire on a mass of people who were protesting against poor living conditions and corrupt government. The estimates of those killed on 13 May range from 187, the official count of the government, to several hundred. A defector from

558-526: The Andijan Reservoir. There are more than 200 known tributaries of Kara Darya; the largest are, from source to mouth: This article related to a river in Kyrgyzstan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Uzbekistan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Osh Region Osh Region is a region of Kyrgyzstan . Its capital

589-844: The Ferghana Range, roughly parallel to the Naryn border. This area is drained by the Kara Darya which flows northwest to join the Naryn to form the Syr Darya in the Ferghana Valley. Highway M41 goes south over the mountains from Osh to the Tajik border. At Sary-Tash a branch goes east to the Chinese border crossing at Irkeshtam . The other main road goes west through the flat country to Batken Region. The Osh Region

620-515: The beginning of 2021 was 1,391,649. The largest ethnic minority group in Osh Region is Uzbeks , forming 28% of the regional population (308,688 people) according to the 2009 census. In 2009, 40% of all Kyrgyzstan's Uzbeks lived in Osh Region. According to the 2009 Census, the ethnic composition of the Osh Region (resident population) was: Kyrgyzstan's only exclave within Uzbekistan is administratively part of Osh Region (Kara-Suu District). This

651-535: The buildings of the Tashkent State Agrarian University are adjacent to the river, the waterfront was not included in the new general plan of Andijan (adopted and approved in 2017) and in the city limits. The vegetation of Andijan is diverse and rich. The city itself is decorated with exotic, ornamental, subtropical, fruit, citrus, nut, coniferous and deciduous crops of trees and shrubs. Floriculture and horticulture are widely developed. In

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682-400: The city (especially picea abies and blue spruce , archa , juniper , fir, cupressus , pine and cedrus ). Chestnuts and walnuts are also being planted in Andijan, almonds , pistachios , diospyros , elaeagnus angustifolia , jujube , pomegranate trees , wine trees (yellow and black figs ), laurus and various fruit trees are growing in the courtyards . In 2022, Andijan had

713-561: The city quickly became an important industrial city in the Uzbek SSR . During the Soviet demarcation of Central Asia , Andijan was separated from its historical hinterland as the Ferghana Valley was divided among three separate Soviet republics. Andijan itself became part of the Uzbek SSR . During World War II , many Soviet citizens were evacuated to Andijan and the surrounding towns. Of

744-407: The city. Manufactured goods produced in the city include chemicals , domestic appliances , electronics , foodstuffs , furniture , plows , pumps , shoes , spare parts for farming machines, various engineering tools, and wheelchairs . Andijan is also home to over 50 international companies, five of which produce spare parts for GM Uzbekistan . The etymology of the name of the city of Andijan

775-635: The first Mughal emperor. After the formation of the Khanate of Kokand in the 18th century, the capital was moved from Andijan to Kokand . In the mid-19th century, the Russian Empire began occupying the area of present-day Central Asia . In 1876, the Russians conquered the Khanate of Kokand and the city of Andijan along with it. Andijan was the center and flashpoint of the Andijan Uprising of 1898 in which

806-465: The followers of Sufi leader Madali Ishan attacked the Russian barracks in the city, killing 22 and injuring 16-20 more. In retaliation, 18 of the participants were hanged and 360 exiled. On 16 December 1902, much of the city was leveled by a severe earthquake which destroyed up to 30,000 homes in the region and killed as many as 4,500 residents. After Soviet rule was established in Andijan in 1917,

837-444: The lower reaches are enveloped by forest groves of walnut and coniferous forests. Winters are usually mild and short. Winds are weaker than in the western parts of the valley, averaging 5 m/s, and average annual precipitation is 232 mm per year. Summers are comparatively less hot than in Central Asia. Main water arteries of Andijan city: Despite the fact that in some places the urban neighborhoods of Andijan's suburbs and

868-471: The oldest cities in the Fergana Valley . In some parts of the city, archeologists have found items dating back to the 7th and 8th centuries. Historically, Andijan was an important city on the Silk Road . The city is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Babur who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became

899-399: The years of Uzbekistan's independence, great importance was attached to planting exotic and subtropical crops to replace the year-round weedy chinar . In the city streets, squares, alleys and near administrative buildings began to be planted: Conifers have been well established in Andijan for many decades , and over the last 25 years coniferous and fir trees have become very popular in

930-582: Was 1,391,649 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Uzbek (28.0% in 2009) minority. Most of the population lives in the flat northern part of the region, on the edge of the Ferghana Valley . The land gradually rises southward to the crest of the Alay Mountains , drops into the Alay Valley and rises to the Trans-Alai Range which forms the border with Tajikistan. In the east, the land rises to

961-448: Was destroyed by a large earthquake in 1902 . This was the worst earthquake to occur in Uzbekistan in the 20th century. The origin of the name of the city is uncertain. Arab geographers of the 10th century referred to Andijan as "Andukan," "Andugan," or "Andigan." The traditional explanation links the name of the city to the Turkic tribal names Andi and Adoq / Azoq . Andijan is one of

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