In fluid dynamics , an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is naturally observed behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers.
35-628: Kankakee may refer to Places [ edit ] Kankakee, Illinois Kankakee, Indiana Kankakee Community College Kankakee County, Illinois Kankakee River State Park Kankakee State Hospital Kankakee Valley High School Geology [ edit ] Kankakee Arch Kankakee Outwash Plain Kankakee River Kankakee Torrent Lake Kankakee Others [ edit ] Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad USCGC Kankakee ,
70-591: A Coast Guard cutter built in 1919 used on the Mississippi River. [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kankakee&oldid=973861820 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
105-527: A diel vertical migration but without more evidence on the biomass of their prey within this zone, these conclusions cannot be made only using this circumstantial evidence. The biomass in the mesopelagic zone is still understudied leading to the biomass of fish within this layer to potentially be underestimated. A more accurate measurement on this biomass may serve to benefit the commercial fishing industry providing them with additional fishing grounds within this region. Moreover, further understanding this region in
140-463: A fluid dynamics experiment involving water and dye, where he adjusted the velocities of the fluids and observed the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, characterized by the formation of eddies and vortices. Turbulent flow is defined as the flow in which the system's inertial forces are dominant over the viscous forces. This phenomenon is described by Reynolds number , a unit-less number used to determine when turbulent flow will occur. Conceptually,
175-404: A second Midway route to its schedule. In January 2016, a second University Park route was added. Eddies An eddy is a movement of fluid that deviates from the general flow of the fluid. An example for an eddy is a vortex which produces such deviation. However, there are other types of eddies that are not simple vortices. For example, a Rossby wave is an eddy which is an undulation that
210-594: A total of 600 acres (2.4 km ). Facilities include an indoor ice skating rink, a recreation center, dog park, campground and a 72 boat slip marina on the Kankakee River. Fishing is plentiful as the district has 13 riverfront parks as well as a 5-acre (2.0 ha) stocked quarry. The city has two softball complexes that have both been inducted into the Softball Hall of Fame. They host annual state and international tournaments drawing nearly 50,000 spectators throughout
245-568: A week to locations in Kankakee as well as the nearby cities of Aroma Park , Bradley , Bourbonnais , and Manteno . All of the Kankakee routes are stationed out of the Chestnut & North Schuyler Transfer Station. River Valley Metro operates 12 fixed-regular bus routes and 2 commuter routes. The Midway and University Park commuter routes were added January 5, 2014, and in August 2015 River Valley Metro added
280-428: Is a deviation from mean flow, but does not have the local closed streamlines of a vortex. The propensity of a fluid to swirl is used to promote good fuel/air mixing in internal combustion engines. In fluid mechanics and transport phenomena , an eddy is not a property of the fluid, but a violent swirling motion caused by the position and direction of turbulent flow. In 1883, scientist Osborne Reynolds conducted
315-649: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kankakee, Illinois Kankakee ( / ˌ k æ ŋ k ə ˈ k iː / KANG -kə- KEE ) is a city in and the county seat of Kankakee County, Illinois , United States. Located on the Kankakee River , as of 2020, the city's population was 24,052. Kankakee is a principal city of the Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley Metropolitan Statistical Area . It serves as an anchor city in
350-554: Is land and 0.48 square miles (1.24 km ) (or 3.28%) is water. The Kankakee River runs through Kankakee. It is approximately 133 miles long and serves as a major attraction and defining landmark of Kankakee. The river water is refined at the Kankakee water company, and electricity is generated at the Kankakee River Dam, providing vital resources to the community. Its winding path, including inlets and eddies , creates desirable fishing conditions for outdoor enthusiasts. As of
385-694: Is served by the Greater Kankakee Airport , a general aviation facility located in the southern portion of Kankakee. Amtrak provides service to Kankakee from the Kankakee Amtrak Station . Amtrak operates the City of New Orleans , the Illini , and the Saluki with each train running once daily in both directions. Interstate 57 runs east–west in the southern part of the city and turns north–south in
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#1732843969833420-413: Is vital in grasping an understanding of environmental systems. By understanding the transport of both particulate and dissolved solids in environmental flows, scientists and engineers will be able to efficiently formulate remediation strategies for pollution events. Eddy formations play a vital role in the fate and transport of solutes and particles in environmental flows such as in rivers, lakes, oceans, and
455-533: The Kuroshio Current , and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, amongst others. Mesoscale ocean eddies are characterized by currents that flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic (such as Haida Eddies ). Oceanic eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different from those outside
490-589: The Atlantic is also thought to be an ocean desert, which creates an interesting paradox due to it hosting a variety of large pelagic fish populations and apex predators . These mesoscale eddies have shown to be beneficial in further creating ecosystem-based management for food web models to better understand the utilization of these eddies by both the apex predators and their prey. Gaube et al. (2018), used “Smart” Position or Temperature Transmitting tags (SPOT) and Pop-Up Satellite Archival Transmitting tags (PSAT) to track
525-508: The Reynolds number is the ratio between inertial forces and viscous forces. The general form for the Reynolds number flowing through a tube of radius r (or diameter d ): where v is the velocity of the fluid, ρ is its density , r is the radius of the tube, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid. A turbulent flow in a fluid is defined by the critical Reynolds number, for a closed pipe this works out to approximately In terms of
560-437: The anticyclonic eddies were 57% more common and had more dives and deeper dives than the open ocean eddies and Gulf Stream cyclonic eddies. Within these anticyclonic eddies, the isotherm was displaced 50 meters downward allowing for the warmer water to penetrate deeper in the water column. This warmer water displacement may allow for the white sharks to make longer dives without the added energetic cost from thermal regulation in
595-448: The arterial tree are typically laminar (high, directed wall stress), but branches and curvatures in the system cause turbulent flow. Turbulent flow in the arterial tree can cause a number of concerning effects, including atherosclerotic lesions, postsurgical neointimal hyperplasia, in-stent restenosis, vein bypass graft failure, transplant vasculopathy, and aortic valve calcification. Lift and drag properties of golf balls are customized by
630-433: The atmosphere. Upwelling in stratified coastal estuaries warrant the formation of dynamic eddies which distribute nutrients out from beneath the boundary layer to form plumes. Shallow waters, such as those along the coast, play a complex role in the transport of nutrients and pollutants due to the proximity of the upper-boundary driven by the wind and the lower-boundary near the bottom of the water body. Eddies are common in
665-405: The average family size was 3.28. In the city, 29.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.7% was from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 30,469, and
700-556: The census of 2000, there were 27,561 people, 10,020 households and 6,272 families residing within the city. The population density was 2,239.8 inhabitants per square mile (864.8/km ). There were 10,965 housing units at an average density of 893.4 units per square mile (344.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 50.92% White , 41.07% African American , 0.27% Native American , 0.32% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 5.50% from other races , and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 9.25% of
735-491: The cooler cyclones. Even though these anticyclonic eddies resulted in lower levels of chlorophyll in comparison to the cyclonic eddies, the warmer waters at deeper depths may allow for a deeper mixed layer and higher concentration of diatoms which in turn result in higher rates of primary productivity. Furthermore, the prey populations could be distributed more within these eddies attracting these larger female sharks to forage in this mesopelagic zone. This diving pattern may follow
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#1732843969833770-463: The critical Reynolds number, the critical velocity is represented as These are turbulence models in which the Reynolds stresses, as obtained from a Reynolds averaging of the Navier–Stokes equations , are modelled by a linear constitutive relationship with the mean flow straining field, as: where Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow in the circulatory system. Blood flow in straight sections of
805-427: The eastern part of Kankakee. United States Highways US 45 and US 52 run concurrently forming, along with Illinois Route IL 50 , the major north–south thoroughfares through Kankakee. Illinois Route IL 17 is the major east–west road that bisects the city. The River Valley Metro Mass Transit District (RVMMTD; River Valley Metro or METRO, for short) operates the region's transit bus system. Service runs seven days
840-584: The eddy. That is, the water within an eddy usually has different temperature and salinity characteristics to the water outside the eddy. There is a direct link between the water mass properties of an eddy and its rotation. Warm eddies rotate anti-cyclonically, while cold eddies rotate cyclonically. Because eddies may have a vigorous circulation associated with them, they are of concern to naval and commercial operations at sea. Further, because eddies transport anomalously warm or cold water as they move, they have an important influence on heat transport in certain parts of
875-743: The globe. While the transport of organisms, such as phytoplankton , are essential for the preservation of ecosystems, oil and other pollutants are also mixed in the current flow and can carry pollution far from its origin. Eddy formations circulate trash and other pollutants into concentrated areas which researchers are tracking to improve clean-up and pollution prevention. The distribution and motion of plastics caused by eddy formations in natural water bodies can be predicted using Lagrangian transport models. Mesoscale ocean eddies play crucial roles in transferring heat poleward, as well as maintaining heat gradients at different depths. Modeling eddy development, as it relates to turbulence and fate transport phenomena,
910-421: The manipulation of dimples along the surface of the ball, allowing for the golf ball to travel further and faster in the air. The data from turbulent-flow phenomena has been used to model different transitions in fluid flow regimes, which are used to thoroughly mix fluids and increase reaction rates within industrial processes. Oceanic and atmospheric currents transfer particles, debris, and organisms all across
945-487: The median income for a family was $ 36,428. Males had a median income of $ 30,894 versus $ 22,928 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,479. About 18.1% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 11.7% aged 65 or over. Library service is provided by the Kankakee Public Library. Kankakee Valley Park District has 37 parks, comprising
980-459: The movement and diving behavior of two female white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) within the eddies. The eddies were defined using sea surface height (SSH) and contours using the horizontal speed-based radius scale. This study found that the white sharks dove in both cyclones but favored the anticyclone which had three times more dives as the cyclonic eddies. Additionally, in the Gulf Stream eddies,
1015-591: The ocean contains a sea surface height gradient this creates a jet or current, such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current . This current as part of a baroclinically unstable system meanders and creates eddies (in much the same way as a meandering river forms an oxbow lake ). These types of mesoscale eddies have been observed in many major ocean currents, including the Gulf Stream , the Agulhas Current ,
1050-549: The ocean, and range in diameter from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers. The smallest scale eddies may last for a matter of seconds, while the larger features may persist for months to years. Eddies that are between about 10 and 500 km (6 and 300 miles) in diameter and persist for periods of days to months are known in oceanography as mesoscale eddies. Mesoscale eddies can be split into two categories: static eddies, caused by flow around an obstacle (see animation) , and transient eddies, caused by baroclinic instability. When
1085-448: The ocean. The sub-tropical Northern Atlantic is known to have both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies that are associated with high surface chlorophyll and low surface chlorophyll, respectively. The presence of chlorophyll and higher levels of chlorophyll allows this region to support higher biomass of phytoplankton, as well as, supported by areas of increased vertical nutrient fluxes and transportation of biological communities. This area of
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1120-685: The people of the Kankakee area. Public schools are part of the Kankakee School District 111, which includes five elementary schools (Edison, Mark Twain, Lincoln Cultural Center Montessori, Steuben, and Taft), two middle schools (Kennedy and King), one junior high school (Kankakee Junior High), and one high school ( Kankakee High ), which from 1966 to 1983 was two separate high schools, Eastridge and Westview. There are three private high schools: Bishop McNamara Catholic School (Catholic), Grace Christian Academy (non-denominational), and Kankakee Trinity Academy (inter-denominational). Kankakee
1155-409: The population. There were 10,020 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60, and
1190-520: The rural plains outside Chicago . The city's name is probably derived from a corrupted version of the Miami-Illinois word teeyaahkiki , meaning: "Open country/exposed land/land in open/land exposed to view", in reference to the area's prior status as a marsh. Kankakee was founded in 1854. According to the 2010 census, Kankakee has a total area of 14.62 square miles (37.87 km ), of which 14.14 square miles (36.62 km ) (or 96.72%)
1225-424: The year. Some Kankakee youth baseball leagues have won state championships. Kankakee is governed by the mayor council system. The city council consists of fourteen members who are elected from seven wards (two per ward). The mayor and city clerk are elected in a citywide vote. Organized in 1966 by a group of citizens, Kankakee Community College was established to provide a post-secondary educational resource for
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