29-498: Kanalichhina is a development block in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand state of India . It consists of 203 villages with a total 1994 population of 42,174. The geographical latitude of this place is 29°40'33"N and the longitude is 80°16'20"E. Kanalichhina is so named after 'Chhin' in Kumauni means an open deep space between two hillocks characterized by windy terrain and valley on
58-596: A Tamra Patra (inscribed copper or brass plaque) from 1420, the Pal dynasty, based out of Askot, was uprooted by Chand kings . Vijay Brahm (of the Brahm dynasty from Doti ) took over the empire as King. Following the death of Gyan Chand, in a conflict with Kshetra Pal, the Pals were able to regain the throne. It is believed that Bharti Chand, an ancestor of Gyan Chand, had replaced Bams, the ruler of Pithoragarh, after defeating them in 1445. In
87-600: A literacy rate of 82.93%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 24.90% and 4.04% of the population respectively. Native tribes in the district include the Van Rawats and Shaukas. Van Rawats are hunter-gatherers . Shaukas are traders. In Pithoragarh the Shaukas are divided into two main tribes. Johari Shaukas and Rung Shaukas. The Johari Shauka community inhabits the areas in Munsiyari while Rung Shaukas tribe are spread among
116-615: A general settlement produced a draft which was initialled at Sagauli in Bihar in December 1815 and required Nepal to give up all territories west and east of its present-day borders, to surrender the entire Tarai and to accept a permanent British representative (or 'resident') in Kathmandu. The Nepalese government initially balked at these terms, but agreed to ratify them in March 1816 after Ochterloney occupied
145-501: Is 360 centimetres (140 in). Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad; Kumar, Kamlesh (2004). Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities . Mittal Publications. ISBN 8170998980 . After June the district receives monsoon showers. Winter is a time for transhumance – the seasonal migration of the Bhotiya tribe with their herds of livestock to lower, warmer areas. Locally, glaciers are known as Gal . Some important glaciers of
174-505: Is a Sub Tehsil Headquarters. Pithoragarh district ‹The template Manual is being considered for merging .› Pithoragarh district is the easternmost district in the state of Uttarakhand. It is located in the Himalayas and has an area of 7,110 km (2,750 sq mi) and a population of 483,439 (as of 2011). The city of Pithoragarh , located in Saur Valley ,
203-503: Is administratively divided into six Tehsils : Munsyari ; Dharchula ; Didihat ; Berinag ; Gangolihat ; and Pithoragarh. Naini Saini Airport is the nearest civil airport, but it does not have a regular scheduled commercial passenger service. The mineral deposits present in the district are magnesium ore , copper ore, limestone , and slate . There are 11 tehsils . Some attribute the name to King Prithvi Pal (Had his empire to Nainital & parts of UP) / Piru Gusain (Gusain refers to
232-537: Is its headquarters. The district is within the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand state. The Tibet plateau is situated to the north and Nepal is to the east. The Kali River which originates from the Kalagiri Mountain flows south, forming the eastern border with Nepal. The Hindu pilgrimage route for Mount Kailash - Lake Manasarovar passes through this district via Lipulekh Pass in the greater Himalayas. The district
261-584: Is remembered for its brutality and repression. Octherlony offered peace terms to the Nepalese demanding British suzerainty in the form of a British resident and the delimitation of Nepal's territories corresponding roughly to its present-day boundaries. The Nepalese refusal to accede to the terms led to another campaign the following year, targeting the Kathmandu Valley , after which the Nepalese capitulated. Historian John Whelpton writes: Negotiations for
290-417: The 2011 census Pithoragarh district has a population of 483,439, roughly equal to the nation of Suriname . This gives it a ranking of 546th among the 640 districts of India . The district has a population density of 69 inhabitants per square kilometre (180/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 5.13%. Pithoragarh has a sex ratio of 1021 females for every 1000 males, and
319-692: The Uttarakhand regions of Garhwal and Kumaon . This brought them into conflict with the British , who controlled directly or indirectly the north Indian plains between Delhi and Calcutta. A series of campaigns termed the Anglo-Nepalese War occurred in 1814–1816. In 1815 the British general David Ochterlony evicted the Nepalese from Garhwal and Kumaon across the Kali River, ending their 12-year occupation, which
SECTION 10
#1732859183512348-671: The West Himalayish branch are spoken by small communities. These include the three closely related languages of Byangsi , Chaudangsi , and Darmiya , as well as Rangkas & Rawat . The Van Rawat tribe speaks their own variety of Kumaoni. Pithoragarh town, being in a valley, is relatively warm during summer and cool during winter. During the coldest months of December and January, the tropical and temperate mountain ridges and high locations receive snowfall and have an average temperature of 5.5–8.0 °C (41.9–46.4 °F). Pithoragarh district has extreme variation in temperature due to
377-562: The 16th century, the Chand dynasty again took control over Pithoragarh town and, in 1790, built a new fort on the hill where the present Girls Inter College is situated. The Chand rule, at its zenith, is seen as one of the most prominent empires in Kumaon. Their rule also coincides with a period of cultural resurgence. Archaeological surveys point toward the development of culture and art forms in this period. British rule began on 2 December 1815 when Nepal
406-579: The British residency because the soldiers were led to believe that the cuts had been forced on the Nepalese government by the British” in June 1840" This followed as a result of suspicions that arose in the Nepali court that its independence in internal government affairs was being infringed upon. Another incidence of alarm occurred in 1842 during a debt lawsuit over an Indian Merchant, Kasinath Mull. The British resident in
435-644: The Makwanpur Valley only thirty miles from the capital. Nepal boasts a salt trade route to Tibet that has been in use for many centuries. This was significant to the economic well-being of the Kathmandu valley. As the British East India Company had profited from Indian trade routes, Nepal's trade routes were desirable to conquer. Nepal was a relatively newly established nation that did not have well-established boundaries with lax enforcement around
464-457: The Nepalese court, Brian Hodgson appeared hostile and assertive, implicating attempted control over the independence of decision in the court. Through these issues, the success of the treaty's attempt to buffer tensions may still be debated. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , a division of Gurkha soldiers was sent to the war in support of the British and aided in its success, establishing
493-578: The border with Tibet, and winter settlements located at lower altitudes, close to the Himalayan foothills and the Gangetic plains. With transhumance as a base, many of them would engage in annual trade visits to market towns such as Taklakot in western Tibet, and some would practice nomadic pastoralism as well. This way of life came to an abrupt end in the 1962 due to the Sino-Indian War . Trans-Himalayan trade
522-508: The district are as follows: A wide variety of flora exists in the district, including many unique sub-tropical, temperate, and alpine plants. Bryophytes (mosses), pteridophytes (ferns), gymnosperms (conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are present. Rare varieties of orchids are also present in the high-altitude valleys of Milan, Darma, Beyans, and Kuthi. Species present include: Sugauli Treaty The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee , Sagauli and Segqulee ),
551-481: The other side. It is situated on Pithoragarh-Dharchula state Highway, maintained by Indian Army's Border Road Organization wing. Kanalachhina is situated at the mouth of the valley, once trade centre of yesteryears for local through ponies. Dwaj, the abode of goddess 'Jayanti' is situated in front of it on a high mountain. It is the place gateway to Eastern Himalayas. Panchchuli is well visible from here. Mt.Appi and Annapurna of Nepal are visible from here. It
580-440: The singular British resident in the Nepali court, their national affairs would not be compromised. In addition to the benefit of Nepal's continued sovereign independence, an alliance was established between the two governments. The treaty saw three decades of peace following its implementation, however, other issues began to arise starting in 1840. “An army mutiny over proposed pay reductions almost turned into an attack on
609-572: The supposed borders. In conjunction with its frustration with this, and its desire for the trade routes, the East India Company declared war against Nepal known as the Anglo-Nepalese War from 1814 to 1816. Nepal's advantage lay in their highly esteemed army of men known as the Gurkhas who were also of interest to the company. As a smaller and less developed country, Nepal eventually relented in
SECTION 20
#1732859183512638-511: The three valleys of Darma, Chaundas, and Byans. Kangdali Festival , celebrated once every 12 years by inhabitants of Chaundas Valley, is one of the major festivals in this area. Languages of Pithoragarh district (2011) Kumaoni , with its several dialects, is the most widely spoken language. Hindi is the common language between the locals and outsiders, and English is spoken by some people, especially teachers, lecturers, and students in tertiary education. Several Sino-Tibetan languages of
667-534: The time “realised that the best way to ensure Nepal’s continued freedom from interference was to grant the governor-general’s basic desire, a secure and trouble-free border”. In attempts to mitigate the devastation to Nepal's sovereignty and security, the treaty was signed. From the British perspective, the costs of colonising Nepal were impractical in comparison to placing certain aspects under British employment. The treaty stipulated that Nepal's government structure be without external interference and that aside from
696-513: The treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and Guru Gajraj Mishra following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16. Following the Unification of Nepal under Prithvi Narayan Shah , Nepal attempted to enlarge its domains, conquering much of Sikkim in the east and, in the west, the basins of Gandaki and Karnali and
725-511: The war and agreed upon a ceasefire under the terms and conditions of the Sugauli Treaty. Three of the main goals of the company were to employ Nepal's impressive army, establish a presence of supervision in the Nepali court, and utilise its trading routes to Tibet . Naturally, the decision to sign the treaty was not treated with full acceptance by the Nepali court and roused a large point of controversy. Bhimsen Thapa, Nepal's prime minister at
754-442: The wide range of variations in altitude. The temperature rises from mid-March through mid-June. The areas above 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) remain in a permanent snow cover. Regions lying at 3,000–3,500 metres (9,800–11,500 ft) become snowbound for four to six months. At places like the river gorges at Dharchula , Jhulaghat , Ghat and Sera, temperatures reach 40 °C (104 °F). The annual average rainfall in lower reaches
783-581: The younger son of a King), here the younger son of King of Askote (Pal)/ Pithora Shahi/ Pithora Chand from the Chand Dynasty , who built a fort named Pithora Garh in the Saur Valley . After its conquest by Bhartpal, the Rajwar of Uku (now in Nepal), in the year 1364, Pithoragarh was ruled for the rest of the 14th century by three generations of Pals, and the kingdom extended from Pithoragarh to Askot . According to
812-552: Was allowed again since the under 1990s. But unlike in the past, it was now to be conducted under state-imposed regulations and limitations, and was allowed only across the Pithoragarh district's Lipu Lekh pass , whereas in earlier times, in Kumaon and Garwhal, the Trans-Himalayan trade had been conducted across several passes. In 1997, part of the Pithoragarh district was cut out to form the new Champawat district . According to
841-493: Was forced to sign the Sugauli Treaty . Pithoragarh remained a tehsil under Almora district until 1960 when its status was elevated to that of a district. There was an army cantonment, a church, and a mission school, resulting in the spread of Christianity in the region. The Bhotiya communities living in the Pithoragarh district historically practised transhumance between summer villages located at higher altitudes, close to
#511488