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49-500: The origins of the House of Kamehameha stems from the progenitor, Keōua Kalanikupuapa`ikalaninui who was the sacred father of Kamehameha I and by the royal court of his brother Kalaniʻōpuʻu who later became king and gave his war god Kuka'ilimoku to Kamehameha I. He became the king by conquest, uniting all the Hawaiian islands into one kingdom under his undivided rule. Kalaniʻōpuʻu's father

98-424: A King and co-ruler similar to a co-regent. The new Kamehameha II would share his rule with his stepmother, Kaʻahumanu. She would defy Hawaiian kapu by dining with the young king, violating the law separating genders during meals and leading to the destruction of the old Hawaiian religion . Kamehameha II died, along with his wife, Queen Kamāmalu in 1824 on a state visit to England where they succumbed to measles. He

147-479: A lower ranking line. She became Kamehameha's consort when she was fourteen. George Vancouver states: "[O]ne of the finest woman we had yet seen on any of the islands" . To wed the young woman, Kamehameha had to consent to make Kaʻahumanu's children his heirs to the Kingdom although, in the end, she produced no issue. Before his death, Kamehameha selected Kaʻahumanu to rule along with his son. Kaʻahumanu had also adopted

196-501: A repository for the priceless Hawaiian artifacts from Pauahi's family. Princess Ruth Ke'elikōlani was the daughter of Pauahi and Mataio Kekūanaōʻa, and a governess of the Big Island of Hawai'i. Ke%C5%8Dua Keōua Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui Ahilapalapa , sometimes called Keōua Nui ("Keōua the Great") (died c. 1750s–1760s) was an Ancient Hawaiian noble and the father of Kamehameha I ,

245-544: A son named Albert Edward Kauikeaouli who died at the age of 4 years old leaving the throne to pass to his uncle. Lot Kapuāiwa became king in 1863 styled as Kamehameha V . Lot was a bachelor up to his death in 1872 bringing to an end the Kamehameha Dynasty. However, Lot had an illegitimate daughter Keanolani by his classmate Abigail Maheha at the Chiefs' Children's School. On his deathbed, before his passing, he offered

294-465: A tribute to her great-great grandfather. It was republished in 1999 by his descendant, David Castro. The first use of the name " House of Keōua Nui " dates to a press release by descendant Owana Salazar . Ke%C5%8Dua K%C5%AB%CA%BBahu%CA%BBula Keōua Kūʻahuʻula was an Aliʻi (member of the royal class) during the time of the unification of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi . His name means "rain cloud of

343-406: A true daughter of the House of Kamehameha. The King agreed and when he sent for Liliha to tell her the news, she was found drunk at home. Kīnaʻu would be succeeded by Kekāuluohi as Kuhina Nui, acting for the true heir to the position, Victoria Kamāmalu , Kīnaʻu's infant daughter. Kekāuluohi would be styled as Kaʻahumanu III. After Kekāuluohi died in 1845, the next Kuhina Nui would be Keoni Ana ,

392-605: The Battle of Moku'ohai . He escaped the battle to relatives in the Kaʻū district to the South in 1782. Although Kamehameha controlled the West side of the island, repeated raids never resulted in a clear victory for either side. In 1790, after escaping another attack, his party was caught in an eruption of Kilauea , and lost two thirds of his army to lava. He was killed in 1791 when Kamehameha invited him to

441-595: The Hawaiian Islands , known as the " Brick Palace ". The king commissioned the structure to be built at Keawa'iki point in Lahaina, Maui . Two foreign, ex-convicts from Australia 's Botany Bay penal colony built the home. It was begun in 1798 and was completed after 4 years in 1802. The house was intended for Kaʻahumanu , but she refused to live in the structure and resided instead in a traditional Hawaiian-styled home only feet away. Kamehameha I had many wives but held two

490-771: The Puʻukoholā Heiau in Kohala . He was captured in what is sometimes called the Battle of Kawaihae , and Keōua's body offered as a sacrifice to sanctify the new temple. He may have mutilated himself before landing so as to render himself an inappropriate sacrificial victim. As he stepped on shore, one of Kamehameha's chiefs threw a spear at him. By some accounts he dodged it, but was then cut down by musket fire. Caught by surprise, Keōua's bodyguards were killed. Keoua had many wives including Kaʻiolaniokaʻiwalani, Hiʻileiohiiaka, Nalaniewalu and Luahiwa. He had several daughters and two sons. He

539-535: The royal court on Maui where he sought his first wife the High Chiefess Kahikikala-o-kalani, daughter of High Chief Kalahumoku, the Alii of Hana , Kaupo and Kipahulu . They had his eldest son Kalokuokamaile who was deemed Ka Keiki o Kona wa Heuole, which means the offspring of his beardless youth. This first child was coveted with the tabu of “Ka po’o ho’olewa I ka la” which signified the laying of

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588-523: The "Sandwich Islands" was replaced with "Hawaiʻi" due to the influence of the House of Kamehameha. A good portion of the legacy of the Kamehamehas' lies in the lands and fortunes passed down to Bernice Pauahi Bishop. After her death in 1884, her husband, Charles Bishop , acting as one of five trustees and a co-executer of Pauahi's will, began the process of establishing the Kamehameha Schools which

637-499: The Hawaiian population and one of Cook's small boats was taken. In retaliation, Cook decided to kidnap King Kalaniʻōpuʻu. As he was being led away from his royal enclosure, his favorite wife, Kānekapōlei began to shout to the townspeople to get their attention. Two chiefs, Kalaimanokahoowaha (also known as Kanaina nui) and a royal attendant named Nuaa, saw her pleading as the King was being led away with his two sons following. As they reached

686-543: The High Chiefess Kekuiapoiwa II as they were betrothed since infancy and born to them was Kamehameha I, who became king of all the islands by conquest, uniting all the islands under his undivided rule, founder of the Hawaiian kingdom . His wives were: At Pu'uhonua o Honaunau , there are two large stones, one serving as a hiding place for Queen Ka'ahumanu during a quarrel with her husband King Kamehameha and

735-927: The Native Hawaiian Past", Charles Ahlo, Jerry Walker, and Rubellite Kawena Johnson's "Kamehameha's Children Today", The Hawaiian Historical Society Reports, the genealogies of the Hawaiian Royal families in Kingdom of Hawaii probate, the works of Sheldon Dibble and David Malo as well as the Hawaii State Archive genealogy books. Notes: Key- (k)= Kane (male/husband) (w)= wahine (female/wife) Subjects with bold titles, lavender highlighted, bold box= Direct bloodline Bold title, bold, grey box= Aunts, uncles, cousins line Bold title, bold white box= European or American (raised to aliʻi status by marriage or monarch's decree) Regular name and box= makaʻāinana or untitled foreign subject Notes: The British name of

784-422: The ban of alcohol lifted as was the ban on Hula . For his co-ruler, Kamehameha chose his aikāne (same sex partner), Kaomi . a young, half Tahitian man who had helped to heal the king and had been a close relationship for years. The church was outraged. Kaomi was granted true authority which he yielded. Eventually Kamehameha III, under pressure from the church, would remove the young man and would name Liliha to be

833-423: The beach Kanaina, Kānekapōlei and Nuaa were able to convince Kalaniʻōpuʻu to stop and he sat where he stood. The crowd began to become aggressive and a rock was thrown and hit Cook. He took out his sword and struck Kanaina broadside without injury, but the chief reacted and immediately seized Cook and held him in his grip when the king's attendant, Nuaa stabbed him from behind. Before the remains of Cook were returned,

882-474: The bones of the man were boiled down to strip off the flesh then given to chiefs. Kamehameha received Captain Cook's hair. After Kalaniʻōpuʻu's death, Kīwalaʻō would take his father's place as first born and rule the island while Kamehameha would have religious authority. A number of chiefs supported Kamehameha and war soon broke out to overthrow Kīwalaʻō. After a number of battles the king was killed and envoys sent for

931-544: The boy had lived. Samuel Kamakau , in his newspaper article writes "It was during the time of the warfare among the chiefs of [the island of] Hawaii which followed the death of Keawe, chief over the whole island (Ke-awe-i-kekahi-aliʻi-o-ka-moku) that Kamehameha I was born" . However, his general dating has been challenged. Abraham Fornander writes in his publication, "An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations": "when Kamehameha died in 1819 he

980-494: The boy. She had the highest political clout in the islands. A portrait artist remarked of her: "This Old Dame is the most proud, unbending Lady in the whole island. As the widow of [Kamehameha], she possesses unbound authority and respect, not any of which she is inclined to lay aside on any occasion whatsoever" . She is one of the most influential leaders in Hawaii's history. Liholiho's death elevated his younger brother, Kauikeaouli to

1029-413: The chiefs as well as the rulers confirm that Keoua was the true father. Kamehameha I's mother was Kekuʻiapoiwa II , a granddaughter of Keawe. The traditional mele chant of Keaka, wife of Alapainui , indicates that Kamehameha I was born in the month of ikuwā (winter) or around November. Alapai had given the child, Kamehameha to his wife Keaka and her sister Hākau to care for after the ruler discovered

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1078-453: The cliffs above Kealakekua Bay , which to this day are still called pali kapu o Keōua , "the forbidden cliffs of Keōua". His remaining descendants are generally considered those of his eldest son Kalokuokamaile, and are considered by some the legitimate heirs of the Kamehameha dynasty. In 1920, High Chiefess Elizabeth Kekaʻaniau Laʻanui Pratt wrote a book, Keoua Nui: Father of Kings , as

1127-458: The dissipation of clouds which was a sign of safety . The different rains also guided him and his people, such as a downpour of rain, this was the highest blessing for which his firstborn Kalokuokamaile was named after. Keoua’s birth name was Kalanikupuapa`ikalaninui Ahilapalapa and describes his chiefly kapu, the sacred ali`i that extends above and touches the great heavens born of the divine flame of eternity. His grandson, King Kamehameha III

1176-594: The first King of united Hawaiʻi. He was progenitor of the House of Keōua Nui . His first name Keoua , or Ke-ao-ua means "the rain cloud" and was given to him by his subjects because of his generosity and his sacred kapu of the heavenly rains. Keōua Nui's father was the High Chief Keeaumoku Nui , the second son of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku , Aliʻi ʻAimoku of Hawaiʻi island , and his second wife, Queen Kalanikauleleiaiwi . His mother, High Chiefess Kamakaʻimoku ,

1225-517: The god; there is your wealth." In 1778 Captain James Cook visited the Hawaiian Islands and returned in 1779. When his ship, Resolution broke a foremast as they were leaving, he was forced to turn back and return to Kealakekua Bay . A fight and theft of blacksmith tools led to a situation on shore where a Hawaiian canoe was confiscated, even after the tools were recovered. Tensions were high with

1274-403: The head towards the sun’s position in the heavens from its rising unto its setting. Days of observance of this tabu was strictly kept and the only time for recreation was between the setting of the luminary and the dawn of a new day so that no shadow could fall upon them. Keōua later returned home to the island of Hawai`i by the request of his father, Kalani ke’eaumoku nui to espouse his cousin

1323-567: The highest rank in Hawaiʻian society. Through his mother and father he was descended from Kings ʻ Umi-a-Liloa and Liloa and related to chiefs of Maui, Oahu, and Kauai. He was chief of the Kohala district and Kona district of the island. Although he was a non-ruling chief; the ruling chief of Kona and Kohala was his brother Kalaniʻōpuʻu. However, the ruler Kalaniopu'u gave his war god Kuka'ilimoku to Keoua Nui's son Kamehameha and he became King of all Hawai'i. During his youth he spent his time at

1372-418: The kingdom he approached the circle of chiefs, as Kaʻahumanu, the central figure in the group and Dowager Queen, spoke: "Hear me O Divine one, for I make known to you the will of your father. Behold these chiefs and the men of your father, and these your guns, and this your land, but you and I shall share the realm together" Liholiho agreed officially, which began a unique system of dual-government consisting of

1421-413: The last two brothers to meet with Kamehameha. Keōua and Kaōleiokū arrived in separate canoes. Keōua came to shore first where a fight broke out and he and all aboard were killed. Before the same could happen to the second canoe, Kamehameha intervened. By 1795, Kamehameha would conquer all but one of the islands. For his first royal residence, the new King built the first western-style structure built in

1470-404: The most high regard. Keōpūolani was the highest ranking aliʻi of her time and mother to his sons, Liholiho and Kauikeaouli. Kaʻahumanu was his favorite. Kamehameha I died in 1819 and his son, Liholiho would become the next king. After Kamehameha I's death, his first born son Liholiho left Kailua for a week and returned to be crowned king. At the lavish ceremony attended by commoners and nobles of

1519-400: The next Kuhina Nui. In November 1833, Hoapili (Liliha's father), Kekūanaōʻa, Kanaina and Kīnaʻu, along with armed royal attendants, including Kilinahe , went to the king's home to persuade him not to pick Liliha as Kuhina Nui. Hoapili begged the king to kill him if he should choose his daughter so the people would not blame him for her elevation. They pleaded with the king to choose Kinau as

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1568-489: The original stock of ali'i who were groomed for the position to rule by royal decree of King Kamehameha III. The Princes and Chiefs of rank, eligible to be rulers who were groomed at the original Chiefs' Children's School. William Charles Lunalilo was the highest chief in the Hawaiian Kingdom of his time. He became the first elected monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom and would be the last of the Kamehameha dynasty. Lunalilo

1617-428: The other stone was used by High Chief Keoua Nui as a resting spot. The Keoua stone is on the north side of the 'Ale'ale'a Heiau, it is 12-1/2 feet long and 2-1/2 feet wide and was the spot where Keoua Nui slept while his men were out fishing. The concavity at one end is said to be where his head rested, while his feet almost reached the other end, making him almost equal to the stone length. His bones were deposited in

1666-611: The red cloak ". His father was Kalaniʻōpuʻu , the king at the time of the arrival of Captain James Cook . His mother was Kānekapōlei , one of the later wives of Kalaniʻōpuʻu, and mother of Pauli Kaʻōleiokū , the grandfather of Bernice Pauahi Bishop and Ruth Keelikolani . This meant his older half-brother Kīwalaʻō was in line to inherit the kingdom. He was not happy, however, to receive no lands after his father died in 1781. He challenged his cousin Kamehameha I , resulting in

1715-602: The son of John Young , one of Kamehameha I's important foreign advisors. Kauikeaouli named an heir, his nephew, Alexander ʻIolani Liholiho who took the throne styled as Kamehameha IV in 1855. The third Kamehameha instituted the Great Mahele , which gave up millions of acres of land passed from his brother, who inherited it from Kamehameha I, leaving all to him as the ruler of the kingdom. Kamehameha III had illegitimate twin sons by Jane Lahilahi named Kīwalaʻō (died young) and Albert Kūnuiākea (1851–1903). Alexander ʻIolani Liholiho

1764-401: The throne to Elizabeth Keka'aniau and Bernice Pauahi Bishop but they both refused it. Finally, Kamehameha V stated: "The throne belongs to Lunalilo; I will not appoint him, because I consider him unworthy of the position. The constitution, in case I make no nomination, provides for the election of the next King; let it be so." He would die the following morning. This enabled an election from

1813-509: The throne, styled as Kamehameha III at the age of twelve. When Kaʻahumanu died Kauikeaouli was 18. With the death of the Kuhina Nui, the young king demanded to come into the possession of his full inheritance. He immediately rebelled against the Christian church and suspended all laws except murder and theft, which was a common tradition after the death of a chief. Distilleries were re-opened and

1862-534: The young Kamehameha's uncle, would raise him after his father's death. Kalaniʻōpuʻu ruled Hawaiʻi as did his grandfather Keawe. He had a number of advisors and priests. When word reached the ruler that chiefs were planning to murder the boy, he told Kamehameha: "My child, I have heard the secret complaints of the chiefs and their mutterings that they will take you and kill you, perhaps soon. While I am alive they are afraid, but when I die they will take you and kill you. I advise you to go back to Kohala." "I have left you

1911-432: Was Kalaninuiʻīamamao and Keōua's father was Kalanikeʻeaumoku , both were sons of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku . They shared a common mother, Kamakaʻīmoku . Both brothers served Alapaʻinui , the ruling King of Hawaiʻi island at the time. Contemporary Hawaiian genealogy notes that Keōua may not have been Kamehameha's biological father, and that Kahekili II might have been the figure's real father. But official genealogies of

1960-455: Was King for only 5 years. When Kamehameha II and his queen died in England, the remains of the couple were returned to Hawaii by Boki . On board the ship, "The Blond" his wife Liliha and Kekūanaōʻa would be baptized as Christians. Kaʻahumanu would also convert and become a heavy Christian influence on Hawaiian society until her death in 1832. Since the new king was only 12 years old, Kaʻahumanu

2009-598: Was a punalua child, having dual parentage. Lunalilo was the last Kamehameha monarch. Family tree based on Abraham Fornander's "An Account of the Polynesian Race" and other works from the author, Queen Liliuokalani's "Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen", Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau's "Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii" and other works by the author, John Papa ʻĪʻī's "Fragments of Hawaiian History", Edith Kawelohea McKinzie's "Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers, Vol. I & II", Kanalu G. Terry Young's "Rethinking

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2058-606: Was founded in 1887. Charles Bishop would serve as president of the Board of trustees for the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate, a perpetual trust with Kamehameha Schools the sole beneficiary, and gave back to the estate all lands deeded to him during his life and helped fund the first structures of the school out of his own money. In 1889, the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum was founded and endowed by Charles Bishop as

2107-443: Was from the noble family of ʻI of Hilo . Keōua was a half-brother of King Kalaniʻōpuʻu of the island of Hawaiʻi through his mother who also married Kalaninuiamamao , Kalaniʻōpuʻu's father. His name Keoua , or Ke-ao-ua means "the rain cloud" and was given to him by his subjects because of his generosity and because of the formation of the rain clouds which was his sacred kapu that alerted him and his people of danger as well as

2156-423: Was given the name Kauikeaouli that also puts this sacred kapu upon him as the importance of the name Keaouli of Keoua, which has the meaning of the dark, black, thick, esteemed cloud (a rain cloud). According to the prophet, Kapihe, upon the birth of Kamehameha III, he saw a bank of dark clouds high in the heavens, alerting him of trouble for the newborn. Upon arrival at Keopuolani’s birth of the young prince where he

2205-437: Was now senior ruler and named Boki as her Kuhina Nui . Boki would leave Hawaii on a fatal trip to find sandlewood to cover a debt and would be lost at sea. His wife, Liliha would be left the governorship of Maui and would unsuccessfully attempt to whip up revolt against Kaʻahumanu, who, upon Boki's departure, had installed Kīnaʻu as a co-governor. Kaʻahumanu was born on Maui around 1777. Her parents were aliʻi chiefs of

2254-479: Was past eighty years old. His birth would thus fall between 1736 and 1740, probably nearer the former than the latter" . "A brief history of the Hawaiian people" By William De Witt Alexander lists the birth date in the Chronological Table of Events of Hawaiian History" as 1736. He would be named Paiea but would take the name Kamehameha, meaning "The lonely one" or "The one who has been set apart". Kalaniʻōpuʻu,

2303-418: Was placed lifeless and not breathing, the prophet and kahuna offered a prayer, bringing life back into the body of Kamehameha III. The great-grandson of Keoua was King Kamehameha V , he was also named after this sacred kapu which was placed upon him by carrying the name of Kalanikupuapa`ikalaninui. Keōua Nui was raised as royalty due to his royal birth. His father was a Piʻo chief which was considered among

2352-569: Was the nephew of Kamehameha II and grandson of Kamehameha I. He reigned as Kamehameha IV . Along with his wife Queen Emma , Kamehameha IV would establish the Queen's Medical Center . He was the son of Kīnaʻu, daughter of Kamehameha I and Kekūanaōʻa, a high ranking warrior chief from the conquest of the islands who became Governor of Oahu. He ascended the throne at the age of 21. He was a tall man often described as handsome. His wife was, Emma Naea Rooke, granddaughter of John Young . The couple had one child,

2401-458: Was the son of Charles Kanaʻina and Miriam Auhea Kekauluohi , a niece of Kamehameha I through her father Kalaimamahu, Kamehameha I's half-brother. However, she was a formal member of the House of Kamehameha as a wife of the founding monarch in his last years. Lunalilo was also a member of the House of Keōua and the House of Moana . His mother was taken by Kamehameha, after her birth and given to Kaʻahumanu because she could not conceive. Kekauluohi

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