Kalmuk Steppe , or Kalmyk Steppe is a steppe with a land area of approximately 100,000 km², bordering the northwest Caspian Sea , bounded by the Volga on the northeast, the Manych on the southwest, and the territory of the Don Cossacks on the northwest. The historic home to the Kalmuck or Kalmyks , it is in the Federal subject of Astrakhan Oblast in Russia. Before the appearance of the Kalmyks to this region, the area was long known as the Povoletsk steppe by the Russians.
11-677: The western Kalmuck Steppe occupied by the Yergeni hills, is deeply trenched by ravines and rises 300 and occasionally 630 ft. above the sea. It is built up of Tertiary deposits, belonging to the Sarmatian division of the Miocene period and covered with bess and black earth, and its escarpments represent the old shore-line of the Caspian . No Caspian deposits are found on or within the Yergeni. These hills exhibit
22-639: Is a hilly area in Russia. It is located in the southern corner of the East European Plain , mostly in Kalmykia , with parts in Volgograd Oblast and Rostov Oblast . The highest point of Kalmykia, 222 metres (728 ft) high Shared , is located in the Yergeni hills. In Kalmykia the hills stretch from Sarpinsky District to the north to Iki-Burulsky District in the south. A thorough topographic survey of
33-630: Is in the western part of the Russian republic Kalmykia . It rises just west of Elista , flows north, turns and flows west between the rivers Don and Manych . It is separated from the Manych by the low Sal-Manych Rise. It joins the river Don near Semikarakorsk . Maximum flow is during the March–April snowmelt. It is much used for irrigation. This Rostov Oblast location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to
44-547: Is thus formed close to the shore by these mounds, which are backed on the N. and N.W. by strings of salt lakes, partly desiccated. Small streams originate in the Yergeni, but are lost as soon as they reach the lowlands, where water can only be obtained from wells. The scanty vegetation is a mixture of the flora of south-east Russia and that of the deserts of central Asia. As of 1911, the steppe had an estimated population of 130,000 persons, living in over 27,700 kibitkas , or felt tents. There were many Buddhist monasteries . Part of
55-476: The javelin sand boa . This Kalmykia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sal (Russia) The Sal ( Russian : Сал ) is a river on the Black Sea–Caspian Steppe of southern Russia , a left tributary to the river Don . It is 776 kilometres (482 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 21,300 square kilometres (8,200 sq mi). Its source
66-490: The Kalmucks were settled (chiefly in the hilly parts), the remainder being nomads. Antony Beevor , in his 1998 book Stalingrad , said that "Russians from the north thought of [Kalmyk Steppe] as 'the end of the world'". In 1943 the people were forcibly deported (see Kalmykia ). 46°N 46°E / 46°N 46°E / 46; 46 Yergeni Yergeni ( Ергени ; Oirat : Ergnin җirn zurһan shiir )
77-561: The Yergeni was carried out in 1860-61 by Russian topographer Ivan Krizhin , who drew the first maps of the area. The Volga–Don Canal was built across the northern part of the hill area in 1952. The Yergeni area forms the watershed between the Azov and the Caspian seas. The hills lie to the west of the lower course of the Volga , between Volgograd to the north and the Manych Depression to
88-507: The above. Large areas of moving sands exist near Enotayevsk, where high dunes or barkhans have been formed. A narrow tract of land along the coast of the Caspian, known as the "hillocks of Baer," is covered with hillocks elongated from west to east, perpendicularly to the coast-line, the spaces between them being filled with water or overgrown with thickets of reed, Salix , Ulmus campestris , almond trees, &c. An archipelago of little islands
99-430: The hills. The climate is semi-desert and the hills are mostly covered with grasses and shrubs, including feather grass , Volga fescue , wormwood and saltwort , but some trees, such as willow, oak, elm, and aspen, may grow in the ravines of the eastern slopes. Some of the animals found in the hills are the demoiselle crane , the eastern imperial eagle , steppe eagle , red-footed falcon , white-winged lark and
110-560: The south. The eastern slopes rise abruptly from the Caspian Lowland dissected by numerous ravines, with up to 70 metres (230 ft) to 80 metres (260 ft) high escarpments. The western slope, on the other hand, gradually descends to the Don valley. The average elevation of the hills is about 160 metres (520 ft). The Sal , a left tributary of the Don, is the main river having its sources in
121-604: The usual black earth flora, and they have a settled population. The eastern part of the steppe is a plain, lying for the most part 30 to 40 ft. below the level of the sea and sloping gently towards the Volga. Post-Pliocene Aral-Caspian deposits, containing the usual fossils ( Hydrobia , Neritina , eight species of Cardium , two of Dreissena , three of Adacna and Lithoglyphus caspius ), attain thicknesses varying from 105 ft. to 7 or 10 feet, and disappear in places. Lacustrine and fluviatile mineral deposits occur intermingled with
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