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65-448: Sometimes "kalasha" also refers to such a pot filled with water and topped with a coronet of mango leaves and a coconut. This combination is often used in Hindu rites and depicted in Hindu iconography . The entire arrangement is called Purna-Kalasha ( पूर्णकलश ), Purna-Kumbha ( पूर्णकुम्भ ), or Purna-ghata ( पूर्णघट ). Each of these names literally means "full or complete vessel" when

130-416: A japa mala , and making the gesture of dispelling fear. Alternatively, instead of the staff and japa mala, he may hold a lotus flower and the sacred scriptures. He is seated on a swan. The goddess Dakini , his shakti , is depicted with him. She is beautiful, with three eyes and four arms. Dakini is usually depicted with red or white skin, holding a trident, a skulled staff, a swan, and a drinking vessel, and

195-569: A cash crop, represents prosperity and power. The water in the pot represents the life-giving ability of Nature. Sometimes, a silver or brass face of the Goddess is attached over the coconut of the Purna-Kalasha. In this form, the Purna-Kalasha symbolizes the Goddess as the manifestation of mother earth with her water, minerals, and vegetation. This method of Kalash pooja (worship) has come in for Vishnu in household functions too. The Purna-Kalasha

260-458: A crown radius of 10–15 m (33–49 ft). The trees are long-lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years. In deep soil, the taproot descends to a depth of 6 m (20 ft), with profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots and anchor roots penetrating deeply into the soil. The leaves are evergreen , alternate, simple, 15–35 centimetres (6–14 inches) long, and 6–16 cm ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) broad; when

325-609: A double crop. The fruit takes four to five months from flowering to ripening. The ripe fruit varies according to cultivar in size, shape, color, sweetness, and eating quality. Depending on the cultivar, fruits are variously yellow, orange, red, or green. The fruit has a single flat, oblong pit that can be fibrous or hairy on the surface and does not separate easily from the pulp. The fruits may be somewhat round, oval, or kidney -shaped, ranging from 5–25 centimetres (2–10 in) in length and from 140 grams (5 oz) to 2 kilograms (5 lb) in weight per individual fruit. The skin

390-657: A man becomes Lord of speech and King among men, and an Adept in all kinds of learning. He becomes ever free from all diseases, and his inmost Spirit becomes full of great gladness. Pure of disposition by his deep and musical words, he serves the foremost of the Devas." In kundalini yoga there are various yogic practices held to incite the energy in Muladhara: asanas (such as Garudasana , Shashankasana (also called Balasana, child or hare pose) and Siddhasana ); nosetip gazing, or Nasikagra Drishti; specific pranayamas; and most importantly

455-694: A red cloth and red thread; the top of the coconut (called Shira – literally "head") is kept uncovered. A sacred thread is tied around the metal pot. The Shira is kept facing the sky. The Kalasha is viewed as an auspicious object in Jainism . The Kalasha is used as a ceremonial object as well as a decorative motif in Indian art and architecture . The Kalasha motif was used in decorating bases and capitals of pillars during 1st century BCE and 1st century CE. Before their depiction on stone, terracotta kalash were used as decorative feature placed on roof-tops of buildings and it

520-556: A salad. In most parts of Southeast Asia, they are commonly eaten with fish sauce , vinegar, soy sauce, or with a dash of salt (plain or spicy) – a combination usually known as "mango salad" in English. In the Philippines, green mangoes are also commonly eaten with bagoong (salty fish or shrimp paste ), salt, soy sauce , vinegar or chilis. Mango float and mango cake , which use slices of ripe mangoes, are eaten in

585-458: A topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as milkshakes . Sweet glutinous rice is flavored with coconut , then served with sliced mango as mango sticky rice . In other parts of Southeast Asia, mangoes are pickled with fish sauce and rice vinegar . Green mangoes can be used in mango salad with fish sauce and dried shrimp . Mango with condensed milk may be used as a topping for shaved ice . Raw green mangoes can be sliced and eaten like

650-407: A yellow dhoti , and a green silk scarf draped around his shoulders. In three hands he holds a laddu , a lotus flower, and a hatchet, and the fourth is raised in the mudra of dispelling fear. The seed mantra syllable is लं laṃ . Within the bindu , the point that forms a part of the letter, is Brahma . He is deep red, with four faces and four arms, holding a staff, a sacred vase of nectar, and

715-507: Is 'Alphonso' , an important export product, considered "the king of mangoes". Cultivars that excel in one climate may fail elsewhere. For example, Indian cultivars such as 'Julie,' a prolific cultivar in Jamaica, require annual fungicide treatments to escape the lethal fungal disease anthracnose in Florida. Asian mangoes are resistant to anthracnose. The current world market is dominated by

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780-460: Is 250 kJ (60 calories ). Fresh mango contains only vitamin C and folate in significant amounts of the Daily Value as 44% and 11%, respectively (table). The mango is the national fruit of India. It is also the national tree of Bangladesh. In India, harvest and sale of mangoes is during March–May and this is annually covered by news agencies. The mango has a traditional context in

845-521: Is a symbol of the nineteenth Tirthankara Mallinatha . It is also included in the Ashtamangala lists of both the Śvetāmbara and Digambara sects of Jainism . Two eyes are depicted around the Kalasha, symbolising right faith and right knowledge. It is used for religious and social ceremonies. It is used in temples when certain images are being worshipped. When one enters a new home it is customary to carry

910-439: Is also added to cereal products such as muesli and oat granola . Mango is used to make juices , smoothies , ice cream , fruit bars, raspados , aguas frescas , pies , and sweet chili sauce , or mixed with chamoy , a sweet and spicy chili paste. In Central America, mango is either eaten green, mixed with salt, vinegar, black pepper , and hot sauce, or ripe in various forms. Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as

975-521: Is also used to make dahl and chunda (a sweet and spicy, grated mango delicacy). In Indonesian cuisine , unripe mango is processed into asinan , rujak and sambal pencit/mangga muda , or eaten with edible salt . Mangoes are used to make murabba (fruit preserves), muramba (a sweet, grated mango delicacy), amchur (dried and powdered unripe mango), and pickles, including a spicy mustard-oil pickle and alcohol. Ripe mangoes are cut into thin layers, desiccated , folded and then cut. The fruit

1040-402: Is also worshipped at Hindu ceremonies like Griha Pravesha (house warming), child naming, havan (fire-sacrifice), Vaastu dosha rectification, and daily worship. Other interpretations of the Purna-Kalasha associate with the five elements or the chakras . The wide base of metal pot represents the element Prithvi (Earth), the expanded centre - Ap (water) , neck of pot - Agni (fire),

1105-844: Is characterized by having monoembryonic fruits, while polyembryonic fruits characterize the Southeast Asian group. It was previously believed that mangoes originated from a single domestication event in South Asia before being spread to Southeast Asia, but a 2019 study found no evidence of a center of diversity in India. Instead, it identified a higher unique genetic diversity in Southeast Asian cultivars than in Indian cultivars, indicating that mangoes may have originally been domesticated first in Southeast Asia before being introduced to South Asia. However,

1170-453: Is considered the foundation of the "energy body". Yogic systems stress the importance of stabilizing this chakra. Kundalini awakening begins here. It is also known as the seat of the "red bindu," or subtle drop, which rises up to the "white bindu" in the head to unite the feminine and masculine energies, the Shakti and Shiva . It is associated with the element of earth, the sense of smell and

1235-509: Is consumed throughout South Asia, prepared by mixing ripe mangoes or mango pulp with buttermilk and sugar. Ripe mangoes are also used to make curries. Aamras is a thick juice made of mangoes with sugar or milk and is consumed with chapatis or pooris . The pulp from ripe mangoes is also used to make jam called mangada . Andhra aavakaaya is a pickle made from raw, unripe, pulpy, and sour mango mixed with chili powder, fenugreek seeds, mustard powder , salt, and groundnut oil . Mango

1300-625: Is cultivated extensively in South Asia , Southeast Asia , East and West Africa , the tropical and subtropical Americas, and the Caribbean . Mangoes are also grown in Andalusia , Spain (mainly in Málaga province ), as its coastal subtropical climate is one of the few places in mainland Europe that permits the growth of tropical plants and fruit trees. The Canary Islands are another notable Spanish producer of

1365-619: Is leather-like, waxy, smooth, and fragrant, with colors ranging from green to yellow, yellow-orange, yellow-red, or blushed with various shades of red, purple, pink, or yellow when fully ripe. Ripe intact mangoes give off a distinctive resinous , sweet smell. Inside the pit 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) thick is a thin lining covering a single seed , 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in) long. Mangoes have recalcitrant seeds which do not survive freezing and drying. Mango trees grow readily from seeds, with germination success highest when seeds are obtained from mature fruits. Mangoes originated from

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1430-477: Is now mostly used on temples roofs called Mandir Kalasha . The Purna-Kalasha is considered a symbol of abundance and "source of life" in the Vedas . Purna- Kumbha is preeminently a Vedic motif, known from the time of Rigveda . It is also called Soma-Kalasha, Chandra-Kalasha, Indra-Kumbha, Purnaghata, Purna-Virakamsya, Bhadra ghata, or Mangala ghata. It is referred to as "overflowing full vase" (purno-asya Kalasha) in

1495-530: Is referred to as ma-pala-vazhai . The classical Sanskrit poet Kalidasa sang the praises of mangoes. Mangoes were the subject of the mango cult in China during the Cultural Revolution as symbols of chairman Mao Zedong 's love for the people. Muladhara Muladhara ( Sanskrit : मूलाधार or मूलाधारा; IAST : Mūlādhāra , lit. "root of Existence." Mula means root and dhara means flux.) or

1560-431: Is seated on a swan. At times, instead of a swan and drinking vessel, she holds a sword and a shield. In the center of the square, below the seed syllable, is a deep red inverted triangle. The kundalini shakti is said to sleep here, waiting to be aroused and brought back up to Brahman , the source from which it originated. It is represented by a snake wrapped three and a half times around a smoky grey lingam . Muladhara

1625-637: The 16th century from the Portuguese word manga , from the Malay mangga , and ultimately from the Tamil mā ( மா , 'mango tree') + kāy ( ங்காய் , 'unripe fruit/vegetable') or the Malayalam māṅṅa ( മാവ് , 'mango tree') + kāya ( കായ , 'unripe fruit'). The scientific name, Mangifera indica , refers to a plant bearing mangoes in India. Mango trees grow to 30–40 metres (98–131 feet) tall, with

1690-553: The Malesian ecoregion. Worldwide, there are several hundred cultivars of mango . Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India , Pakistan and the Philippines , while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh. The English word mango (plural mangoes or mangos ) originated in

1755-403: The provitamin A compound, beta-carotene , lutein and alpha-carotene , and polyphenols , such as quercetin , kaempferol , gallic acid , caffeic acid , catechins and tannins . Mango contains a unique xanthonoid called mangiferin . Phytochemical and nutrient content appears to vary across mango cultivars . Up to 25 different carotenoids have been isolated from mango pulp,

1820-414: The root chakra is one of the seven primary chakras according to Hindu tantrism . It is symbolized by a lotus with four petals and the colour pink or red. Muladhara is said to be located near the coccygeal plexus beneath the sacrum , while its kshetram , or superficial activation point, is located between the perineum and the coccyx or the pelvic bone. Because of its location and connection with

1885-481: The "turpentine mango" (named for its strong taste of turpentine ) to the Bullock's Heart. Dwarf or semidwarf varieties serve as ornamental plants and can be grown in containers. A wide variety of diseases can afflict mangoes. A breakthrough in mango cultivation was the use of potassium nitrate and ethrel to induce flowering in mangoes. The discovery was made by Filipino horticulturist Ramon Barba in 1974 and

1950-482: The 16th to the 17th centuries. From Brazil, it spread northwards to the Caribbean and eastern Mexico by the mid to late 18th century. The Spanish Empire also introduced mangoes directly from the Philippines to western Mexico via the Manila galleons from at least the 16th century. Mangoes were only introduced to Florida by 1833. The mango is now cultivated in most frost -free tropical and warmer subtropical climates. It

2015-540: The Buddha's infinite quality of teaching the dharma. Japanese art of Ikebana emerged from this Buddhist floral offering tradition. A variant of the Kalasha called Purna Kumbha or Purna Ghataka from Amaravati archaeological site is part of the official state emblem of Andhra Pradesh state in India . Mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica . It originated from

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2080-654: The Mūlādhāra Chakra. When compared to the other important Tantric system of Vajrayana in Tibet the Muladhara chakra finds no parallel in the same place, unlike the other six chakras. Instead, the Tibetan system positions two chakras on the sexual organ: the jewel wheel in the middle, near the tip, and the tip of the sexual organ itself. These chakras are extremely important for the generation of great bliss, and play an important role in

2145-435: The Philippines. Dried strips of sweet, ripe mango (sometimes combined with seedless tamarind to form mangorind ) are also consumed. Mangoes may be used to make juices, mango nectar , and as a flavoring and major ingredient in mango ice cream and sorbetes . Numerous phytochemicals are present in mango peel and pulp, such as the triterpene lupeol . Mango peel pigments under study include carotenoids , such as

2210-587: The Vedas. The Kalasha is believed to contain amrita , the elixir of life, and thus is viewed as a symbol of abundance, wisdom, and immortality. The Kalasha is often seen in Hindu iconography as an attribute, in the hands of Hindu deities like the creator god Brahma , the destroyer god Shiva as a teacher, and the goddess of prosperity Lakshmi . The Purna-Kalasha is believed to be a symbol of auspiciousness embodying either Ganesha , remover of obstacles, or his mother Gauri ,

2275-585: The act of excretion , it is associated with the anus. Muladhara is said to be the base from which the three main psychic channels or nadis emerge: the Ida, Pingala and Sushumna . It is also believed that Muladhara is a subtle abode of the Hindu God Ganapati. In the highest revered prayer for Ganapati, the Ganapati Atharvashirsha , it is mentioned that "one who worships Lord Ganapati would easily grasp

2340-481: The action of excretion. An imbalanced root chakra can manifest in various ways. Physically, people might experience lower back pain, fatigue, or digestive issues. Emotionally, they may feel anxious, fearful, or disconnected. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for recognizing when root chakra needs attention. "By meditating thus on Her who shines within the Muladhara Chakra, with the luster of ten million Suns,

2405-754: The authors also cautioned that the diversity in Southeast Asian mangoes might be the result of other reasons (like interspecific hybridization with other Mangifera species native to the Malesian ecoregion). Nevertheless, the existence of two distinct genetic populations also identified by the study indicates that the domestication of the mango is more complex than previously assumed and would at least indicate multiple domestication events in Southeast Asia and South Asia. There are hundreds of named mango cultivars. In mango orchards , several cultivars are often grown to improve pollination. Many desired cultivars are monoembryonic and must be propagated by grafting , or they do not breed true. A common monoembryonic cultivar

2470-918: The chemical composition of mango flavor, the biosynthesis of these chemicals has not been studied in depth; only a handful of genes encoding the enzymes of flavor biosynthetic pathways have been characterized to date. Contact with oils in mango leaves, stems, sap, and skin can cause dermatitis and anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals. Those with a history of contact dermatitis induced by urushiol (an allergen found in poison ivy , poison oak , or poison sumac ) may be most at risk for mango contact dermatitis. Other mango compounds potentially responsible for dermatitis or allergic reactions include mangiferin . Cross-reactions may occur between mango allergens and urushiol. Sensitized individuals may not be able to eat peeled mangos or drink mango juice safely. When mango trees are flowering in spring, local people with allergies may experience breathing difficulty, itching of

2535-615: The concept and realise Brahman". It is symbolized by a red, four-petaled lotus with a yellow square at its center. Each petal has one of the Sanskrit syllables वं vaṃ , शं śaṃ , षं ṣaṃ, and सं saṃ written on it in gold, representing the four vrittis : greatest joy, natural pleasure, delight in controlling passion, and blissfulness in concentration. Alternatively, they may represent dharma (psycho-spiritual longing), artha (psychic longing), kama (physical longing) and moksha (longing for spiritual liberation). Eight spears point out of

2600-584: The court of the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khijli . The Mughal Empire was especially fond of the fruits: Babur praises the mango in his Babarnameh . At the same time, Sher Shah Suri inaugurated the creation of the Chaunsa variety after his victory over the Mughal emperor Humayun . Mughal patronage of horticulture led to the grafting of thousands of mangoes varieties, including the famous Totapuri , which

2665-792: The cultivar 'Tommy Atkins' , a seedling of 'Haden' that first fruited in 1940 in southern Florida and was initially rejected commercially by Florida researchers. Growers and importers worldwide have embraced the cultivar for its excellent productivity and disease resistance, shelf life , transportability, size, and appealing color. Although the Tommy Atkins cultivar is commercially successful, other cultivars may be preferred by consumers for eating pleasure, such as Alphonso. Generally, ripe mangoes have an orange-yellow or reddish peel and are juicy for eating, while exported fruit are often picked while underripe with green peels. Although producing ethylene while ripening, unripened exported mangoes do not have

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2730-650: The culture of South Asia. In his edicts , the Mauryan emperor Ashoka references the planting of fruit- and shade-bearing trees along imperial roads: "On the roads banyan -trees were caused to be planted by me, (in order that) they might afford shade to cattle and men, (and) mango-groves were caused to be planted." In medieval India, the Indo-Persian poet Amir Khusrau termed the mango " Naghza Tarin Mewa Hindustan " – "the fairest fruit of Hindustan". Mangoes were enjoyed at

2795-489: The densest of which was beta-carotene, which accounts for the yellow-orange pigmentation of most mango cultivars. Mango leaves also have significant polyphenol content, including xanthonoids , mangiferin and gallic acid. The flavor of mango fruits is conferred by several volatile organic chemicals mainly belonging to terpene , furanone , lactone , and ester classes. Different varieties or cultivars of mangoes can have flavors made up of different volatile chemicals or

2860-627: The earthly nature of the Muladhara, and it is often referred to as being the ruling planet of the Muladhara by many modern astrologers. In Earth-based spiritualities the Eight Directions are often used to represent the Wheel of the Year . The Eight Directions represent the four seasons (North – Winter, South – Summer, East – Spring, and West – Autumn) and the Winter and Summer Solstices, as well as

2925-557: The eyes, or facial swelling, even before flower pollen becomes airborne. In this case, the irritant is likely to be the vaporized essential oil from flowers. During the primary ripening season of mangoes, contact with mango plant parts – primarily sap , leaves, and fruit skin – is the most common cause of plant dermatitis in Hawaii. A raw mango is 84% water, 15% carbohydrates , 1% protein , and has negligible fat (table). The energy value per 100 g (3.5 oz) serving of raw mango

2990-608: The fruit. Other minor cultivators include North America (in South Florida and the California Coachella Valley ), Hawai'i, and Australia. Many commercial cultivars are grafted onto the cold-hardy rootstock of the Gomera-1 mango cultivar, originally from Cuba. Its root system is well adapted to a coastal Mediterranean climate. Many of the 1,000+ mango cultivars are easily cultivated using grafted saplings, ranging from

3055-442: The goddess of household bounty or Lakshmi . The Purna-Kalasha is worshipped in all Hindu festivities related to marriage and childbirth, as a mother goddess or Devi . In this context, the metal pot or Kalasha represents material things: a container of fertility - the earth and the womb , which nurtures and nourishes life. The mango leaves associated with Kama , the god of love, symbolize the pleasure aspect of fertility. The coconut,

3120-488: The highest tantric sexual practices. A unique feature, the red drop, called the red bodhicitta, is not located here, but instead at the navel wheel. In the Sufi system of Lataif there are two "lower" Lataif. One is the nafs , which is just below the navel. The nafs incorporates all the elements of a person's "lower self". The other similar lataif is called the qalab, or mould, which appears in seven lataif systems and corresponds to

3185-527: The kalasha on the head reciting mantras. This ceremony is performed to welcome grace and happiness into the new home. They first appear in stone in during 1st century BCE and 1st century CE. The Pūrṇakumbha refers to “full vessel” or "auspicious abundance" in Buddhism . It is used as flower offering to Buddha and Bodhisattvas at prayer alters, as well as representing treasure of wisdom. Purnakumbha represents health, longevity, wealth, prosperity, wisdom and symbolizes

3250-420: The lactones and furanones are synthesized during ripening, whereas terpenes and the other flavorants are present in both the developing (immature) and ripening fruits. Ethylene , a ripening-related hormone well known to be involved in ripening of mango fruits, causes changes in the flavor composition of mango fruits upon exogenous application, as well. In contrast to the huge amount of information available on

3315-458: The leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark, glossy red, then dark green as they mature. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10–40 cm (4– 15 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) long; each flower is small and white with five petals 5–10 millimetres ( 3 ⁄ 16 – 3 ⁄ 8  in) long, with a mild, sweet fragrance. Over 500 varieties of mangoes are known, many of which ripen in summer, while some give

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3380-560: The opening of the mouth - Vayu (air), and the coconut and mango leaves - Akasha (aether). In contexts of chakras, the Shira (literally "head") - top of the coconut symbolizes Sahasrara chakra and the Moola (literally "base") - base of Kalasha - the Muladhara chakra . A kalash is placed with due rituals on all important occasions. It is placed near the entrance as a sign of welcome. The Kalasha

3445-482: The physical body, but this is sometimes located at the top of the head. Qalab is usually further divided into the four elements. In the Kabbalah the lowest Sephiroth is known as Malkuth , and performs the same transcendental role as the basis of physical nature. It is associated with the sexual organ , in close contact with Yesod. In astrology Mars is often correlated as being son of Earth, and having to do with

3510-415: The pot is referred to as the Kalasha (to avoid confusion, this article will refer to the pot as Kalasha and the entire arrangement as Purna-Kalasha). Sometimes the Kalasha is filled with coins, grain, gems, gold, or a combination of these items instead of water. The coronet of 5, 7, or 11 mango leaves is placed such that the tips of the leaves touch water in the Kalasha. The coconut is sometimes wrapped with

3575-450: The potential to cause contact dermatitis of the lips, gingiva , or tongue in susceptible people. Mangoes are used in many cuisines. Sour, unripe mangoes are used in chutneys (i.e., mango chutney ), pickles , daals and other side dishes in Indian cuisine . A summer drink called aam panna is made with mangoes. Mango pulp made into jelly or cooked with red gram dhal and green chilies may be served with cooked rice. Mango lassi

3640-578: The practice of Mula Bandha , involving the contraction of the perineum, which awakens kundalini, and is important for the retention of semen. This chakra can also be activated by chanting the Seed-Mantra. It is said that one who chants the Seed Mantra of Muladhara Chakra for more than 100,000,000 times can attain all the Siddhis of the Muladhara Chakra. There are also special meditation practices for awakening

3705-452: The region between northwestern Myanmar , Bangladesh , and northeastern India . M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type". Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in

3770-431: The region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. The mango is considered an evolutionary anachronism , whereby seed dispersal was once accomplished by a now- extinct evolutionary forager , such as a megafauna mammal. From their center of origin, mangoes diverged into two genetically distinct populations: the subtropical Indian group and the tropical Southeast Asian group. The Indian group

3835-576: The same juiciness or flavor as fresh fruit. From tropical Asia, mangoes were introduced to East Africa by Arab and Persian traders in the ninth to tenth centuries. The 14th-century Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta reported it at Mogadishu . It was spread further into other areas around the world during the Colonial Era . The Portuguese Empire spread the mango from their colony in Goa to East and West Africa. From West Africa, they introduced it to Brazil from

3900-435: The same volatile chemicals in different quantities. In general, New World mango cultivars are characterized by the dominance of δ-3-carene, a monoterpene flavorant; whereas, high concentration of other monoterpenes such as (Z)-ocimene and myrcene, as well as the presence of lactones and furanones, is the unique feature of Old World cultivars. In India, 'Alphonso' is one of the most popular cultivars. In 'Alphonso' mango,

3965-423: The sides and corners of the square. The deity Indra is associated with Muladhara. In these depictions, he is yellow, four-armed, and holds a vajra and a blue lotus in his hands. He is mounted upon the white elephant Airavata , who has seven trunks denoting the seven elements necessary for supporting life. Occasionally, Ganesha is also associated with Muladhara. In these depictions, he has orange skin, wears

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4030-529: The worship of the goddess Saraswati . Mango leaves decorate archways and doors in Indian houses during weddings and celebrations such as Ganesh Chaturthi . Mango motifs and paisleys are widely used in different Indian embroidery styles, and are found in Kashmiri shawls, Kanchipuram and silk sarees . In Tamil Nadu , the mango is referred to as one of the three royal fruits, along with banana and jackfruit , for their sweetness and flavor. This triad of fruits

4095-405: Was 59 million tonnes , led by India with 44% of the total (table). Mangoes are generally sweet, although the taste and texture of the flesh vary across cultivars; some, such as Alphonso , have a soft, pulpy, juicy texture similar to an overripe plum , while others, such as Tommy Atkins , are firmer with a fibrous texture. The skin of unripe, pickled , or cooked mango can be eaten, but it has

4160-418: Was developed from the unique traditional method of inducing mango flowering using smoke in the Philippines. It allowed mango plantations to induce regular flowering and fruiting year-round. Previously, mangoes were seasonal because they only flowered every 16 to 18 months. The method is now used in most mango-producing countries. In 2022, world production of mangoes (report includes mangosteens and guavas )

4225-474: Was the first variety to be exported to Iran and Central Asia. Akbar (1556–1605) is said to have planted a mango orchard of 100,000 trees near Darbhanga , Bihar, while Jahangir and Shah Jahan ordered the planting of mango orchards in Lahore and Delhi and the creation of mango-based desserts. The Jain goddess Ambika is traditionally represented as sitting under a mango tree. Mango blossoms are also used in

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