Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainier, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Cardinal-Archbishop of Olomouc (8 January 1788 – 24 July 1831), was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine , and an Austrian clergyman and noble. He was consecrated as Archbishop of Olomouc (Olmütz) in 1819 and became cardinal in the same year. Rudolph is known for his patronage of the arts, most notably as sponsor of Ludwig van Beethoven , who dedicated several of his works to him.
16-599: The Kaiservilla in Bad Ischl , Upper Austria , was the summer residence of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth of Austria , known as Sisi. The mansion is currently the residence of their great-grandson Archduke Markus Emanuel Salvator. Originally the palace was a Biedermeier villa belonging to a Viennese notary named Josef August Eltz. In 1850 it was purchased by Eduard Mastalier. After Franz Joseph's engagement to Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria in 1853, Franz Joseph's mother, Princess Sophie of Bavaria , purchased
32-481: A salt evaporation pond ( German : Saline ) followed in 1571. When in the early part of the 19th century brine became medically popular in Continental Europe, Ischl soon turned into a fashionable spa resort – notable guests included Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (1773–1859), Archduke Rudolf of Austria (1788–1831) and Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802–1878). The Hotel Post , opened in 1828,
48-714: A museum. The Saint Nicholas parish church was first mentioned in a 1344 deed. Bad Ischl is also known for the Konditorei Zauner pastry shop, former k.u.k. purveyor established in 1832, and the small Lehártheater built in 1827. A gondola lift runs from the town up to the Katrin alpine pasture at 1415 m (4643 ft), which offers a panoramic view of the Salzkammergut mountains. The ruins of Wildenstein Castle, which burnt down in 1715, are nearby. The Bad Ischl Cemetery
64-870: A supporter and patron of Beethoven; their meetings continued until 1824. Beethoven dedicated 14 compositions to Rudolph, including the Archduke Trio , the Hammerklavier Sonata , the Emperor Concerto and the Missa Solemnis . Piano Sonata No. 26 - Les Adieux ("The Farewells") was gifted to Rudolf just before his flight from Vienna with the imperial family on the occasion of the 1809 invasion by Napoleon . The movements are "Lebewohl", "Abwesenheit", and "Wiedersehen" ('farewell', 'absence', and 'reunion'). Rudolph dedicated one of his own compositions to Beethoven. The letters Beethoven wrote to Rudolph are today kept at
80-571: Is a spa town in Austria. It lies in the southern part of Upper Austria , at the river Traun in the centre of the Salzkammergut region. The town consists of the Katastralgemeinden Ahorn , Bad Ischl , Haiden , Jainzen , Kaltenbach , Lauffen , Lindau , Pfandl , Perneck , Reiterndorf and Rettenbach . It is connected to the village of Strobl by the river Ischl, which drains from
96-631: Is listed by the State of Upper Austria as a protected historical site. Amongst those buried there are the composers Franz Lehár, Rudi Gfaller , and Oscar Straus . Archduke Rudolf of Austria Born in the Pitti Palace in Florence , Tuscany , he was the youngest son of Emperor Leopold II and Maria Louisa of Spain . In 1803 or 1804, Rudolph began taking lessons in piano and composition from Ludwig van Beethoven . The two became friends, and Rudolph became
112-621: Is surrounded by a large park in the "English Style". The architectural ensemble in its contemporary form was completed in 1860. Construction was significantly slowed by the fact that it could not proceed during the summer months due to the presence of the royal family. Today, the mansion is home to the Archduke Markus, but also offers grounds tours to the public. 47°42′54″N 13°37′15″E / 47.71500°N 13.62083°E / 47.71500; 13.62083 Bad Ischl Bad Ischl ( Austrian German [baːt ˈɪʃl̩] )
128-572: The Kaiservilla (Imperial Villa) as a wedding present. The villa became the imperial family's summer residence; Franz Joseph described it as "Heaven on Earth". The Emperor granted to his mistress Katharina Schratt a nearby mansion, easily reached via a hidden footpath. In the Kaiservilla on 28 July 1914 Franz Joseph signed Austria-Hungary 's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia , signalling
144-629: The Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna. Franz Schubert and Ferdinand Ries also dedicated works to Rudolf. On 24 March 1819, aged 31, Rudolph was appointed Archbishop of Olomouc in the present day Czech Republic but then known as Olmütz which was part of the Austrian Empire . He was made Cardinal-Priest of the titular church of S. Pietro in Montorio by Pope Pius VII on 4 June 1819. He
160-717: The Wolfgangsee , and to the Traunsee , into which the stream empties. It is home to the Kaiservilla , summer residence of Austro-Hungarian monarchs Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth . In 2024, Bad Ischl will be one of the European Capitals of Culture – the third city in Austria after Graz (2003) and Linz (2009). Humans have lived in the Bad Ischl area since the time of
176-589: The United States, Israel or Canada. The Bad Ischl DP camp remained active from 1945 until 1952. Approximately 15% of the city's population was foreign born in 2019. Besides the Kaiservilla , the city offers several health spas and tourist attractions, like the historic Kongresshaus opened in 1875, the new Kurhaus built by Clemens Holzmeister in 1932, as well as the Lehár Villa , the former residence of Franz Lehár , that he acquired in 1912 and today serves as
SECTION 10
#1732854892561192-470: The pre-historic Hallstatt culture ; documentary evidence of the settlement dates from a 1262 deed, it which it appears as Iselen . In 1419 Archduke Albert V of Austria established the local seat of the Salt Chamber ( Salzkammer [ de ] ) at Wildenstein Castle, and Ischl was granted the privileges of a market town in 1466 by Emperor Frederick III . A first salt mine was opened in 1563,
208-908: The start of hostilities in World War I . He left Bad Ischl on the following day and never returned. The Habsburg-Lorraine family still own the villa, although the grounds and parts of the residence are now open to the public. In the aftermath of the 1945 defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , Bad Ischl became the location of a displaced persons (DP) camp for survivors of the Holocaust and of Nazi concentration camps in Eastern Europe. The resident displaced persons were primarily Jews from Poland and other neighboring countries. They received lodging, food, medical care and administrative assistance until able to make other, more permanent arrangements. Many left for
224-435: The villa as a wedding present for the couple. In subsequent years, the villa was altered and expanded in a Neoclassical style by Antonio Legrenzi. The extant central portion was expanded towards the park and the originally posterior portion of the house was converted to form the entrance with Classical columns and tympana . Two additional wings were constructed, giving the building the overall shape of an "E". The villa
240-462: Was ordained a priest on 29 August 1819, and consecrated a bishop on 26 September. In 1823–24, he was one of the 50 composers who composed a variation on a waltz by Anton Diabelli for Vaterländischer Künstlerverein . In Rudolph's case, the music was published anonymously, as by "S.R.D" (standing for Serenissimus Rudolfus Dux ). He acquired a significant library of musical compositions, comprising over 18,000 works from 2,400 composers, now held by
256-590: Was the first one in the whole Salzkammergut area. In 1849 Franz Karl's son, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria chose the town for his summer residence . On 19 August 1853 the engagement between Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Bavaria ( Sisi ) took place at the Seeauerhaus , Esplanade No. 10, which since 1989 has been the location of the Museum der Stadt Bad Ischl . In 1854, the Emperor's mother, Archduchess Sophie , gave him
#560439