Misplaced Pages

#814185

35-613: The town's area was populated in ancient times, based on remains from the Middle Paleolithic period found in the Qesem Cave . Cisterns , a winepress and terraced fields have also been documented, together with remains from the Byzantine era. Kafr Qasim is identified with Kefar Kesem ( Hebrew : כפר קסם ), a site mentioned in the Tosefta as home to a pagan holy tree . In 1838, during

70-631: A halt with the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli war and the nationalization of all branches in Beirut, Baghdad, Cairo and Damascus. By 1948 another store opened on Allenby Street in Tel Aviv. In 1963 the son of founder Yechezkel, Eri Steimatzky, joined the company and became its general manager . A period of expansion followed. In 1995 the Steimatzky company purchased the Sifri chain with seven stores. The chain

105-613: A molecular biologist, has controversially claimed, based on a comparison of canine DNA, that dogs may have been first domesticated during the Middle Paleolithic around or even before 100,000 BCE. Steimatzky Steimatzky ( Hebrew : סטימצקי ) is the oldest and largest bookstore chain in Israel . The first store was opened by Tzvi Steimatzky in 1920 in Tel Aviv , 6 Herzl St. In 1925 Tzvi's half brother Yechezkel Steimatzky opened

140-453: A more ancient town, as is shown by cisterns and the mass of rubbish found outside the present village". The village had about four hundred inhabitants. In 1882, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine described the village as being of moderate size, with buildings constructed principally of adobe , on low hill in open ground. The survey also noted the existence of a rock-cut tomb to the south of

175-561: Is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe , Africa and Asia . The term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle Paleolithic in African archeology. The Middle Paleolithic broadly spanned from 300,000 to 50,000 years ago. There are considerable dating differences between regions. The Middle Paleolithic was succeeded by

210-510: The Ottoman period, it was noted as a Muslim village, Kefr Kasim , in Jurat Merda , south of Nablus . Charles van de Velde visited the site in 1851–52, noting "the many ancient stones used in the construction of the present houses and many other remains indicating an ancient site." In 1870 Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called Kafr Kasim . He found the place to be "the site of

245-707: The Upper Paleolithic subdivision which first began between 50,000 and 40,000 years ago. Pettit and White date the Early Middle Paleolithic in Great Britain to about 325,000 to 180,000 years ago (late Marine Isotope Stage 9 to late Marine Isotope Stage 7), and the Late Middle Paleolithic as about 60,000 to 35,000 years ago. The Middle Paleolithic was in the geological Chibanian (Middle Pleistocene ) and Late Pleistocene ages. According to

280-516: The ǃKung and Mbuti peoples . Both Neanderthal and modern human societies took care of the elderly members of their societies during the Middle Paleolithic. Christopher Boehm (1999) has hypothesized that egalitarianism may have arisen in Middle Paleolithic societies because of a need to distribute resources such as food and meat equally to avoid famine and ensure a stable food supply. It has usually been assumed that women gathered plants and firewood and men hunted and scavenged dead animals through

315-838: The British Mandate. The concept was so successful that he opened an additional store in Haifa later that year. In 1927 Steimatzky saw the potential for expansion throughout the Middle East and opened a store in Beirut . The company name was changed to Steimatzky Middle East Agency . During World War II , a Steimatzky store opened in Baghdad next to the British Army base, and soon after in Cairo , Alexandria , and Damascus . The Middle Eastern expansion came to

350-630: The Kafr Qasim massacre. In 2007 development plans for the industrial and logistical area Lev HaAretz were approved. Development started in 2008. Steimatzky is one of many companies who moved into this area. Also in 2008, the Ministry of the Interior announced that Kafr Qasim would become a city . According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , the town had 21,100 mostly Muslim inhabitants at

385-874: The Middle Stone Age inhabitants of the region now occupied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo hunted large 1.8-metre (6 ft) long catfish with specialized barbed fishing points as early as 90,000 years ago, and Neandertals and Middle Paleolithic Homo sapiens in Africa began to catch shellfish for food as revealed by shellfish cooking in Neanderthal sites in Italy about 110,000 years ago and Middle Paleolithic Homo sapiens sites at Pinnacle Point , in Africa. Anthropologists such as Tim D. White suggest that cannibalism

SECTION 10

#1732851833815

420-557: The Moula rock shelter in France – may imply that Neanderthals, like some contemporary human cultures, may have practiced excarnation for presumably religious reasons (see Neanderthal behavior § Cannibalism or ritual defleshing? ). The earliest undisputed evidence of artistic expression during the Paleolithic period comes from Middle Paleolithic/ Middle Stone Age sites such as Blombos Cave in

455-481: The Neanderthals hunted large game animals mostly by ambushing them and attacking them with mêlée weapons such as thrusting spears rather than attacking them from a distance with projectile weapons. An ongoing controversy about the nature of Middle Paleolithic tools is whether there were a series of functionally specific and preconceived tool forms or whether there was a simple continuum of tool morphology that reflect

490-598: The Paleolithic. However, Steven L. Kuhn and Mary Stiner from the University of Arizona suggest that this sex-based division of labor did not exist prior to the Upper Paleolithic . The sexual division of labor may have evolved after 45,000 years ago to allow humans to acquire food and other resources more efficiently. Although gathering and hunting comprised most of the food supply during the Middle Paleolithic, people began to supplement their diet with seafood and began smoking and drying meat to preserve and store it. For instance

525-485: The Upper Paleolithic. Nonetheless it remains possible that Middle Paleolithic societies never practiced cannibalism and that the damage to recovered human bones was either the result of excarnation or predation by carnivores such as saber-toothed cats , lions and hyenas . Around 200,000 BP Middle Paleolithic Stone tool manufacturing spawned a tool-making technique known as the prepared-core technique , that

560-464: The bodies were buried for secular reasons. According to recent archeological findings from Homo heidelbergensis sites in the Atapuerca Mountains , the practice of intentional burial may have begun much earlier during the late Lower Paleolithic , but this theory is widely questioned in the scientific community. Cut-marks on Neandertal bones from various sites – such as Combe Grenal and

595-519: The earliest composite tools, by hafting sharp, pointy stone flakes onto wooden shafts. Paleolithic groups such as the Neanderthals who possessed a Middle Paleolithic level of technology appear to have hunted large game just as well as Upper Paleolithic modern humans and the Neanderthals in particular may have likewise hunted with projectile weapons. Nonetheless Neanderthal usage of projectile weapons in hunting occurred very rarely (or perhaps never) and

630-409: The end of 2012. There are 936 females for every 1,000 males. The population increases at an annual rate of 2.7%. The social-economic rank of the town is relatively low (3 out of 10). Only 50.2% of 12th graders were eligible for graduation ( Bagrut ) certificates in 2000. The average monthly wage in 2000 was 3,633 NIS , as opposed to the national average of 6,835 NIS at that time. Kafr Qasim served as

665-401: The extent of edge maintenance, as Harold L. Dibble has suggested. The use of fire became widespread for the first time in human prehistory during the Middle Paleolithic, and humans began to cook their food c. 250,000 years ago. Some scientists have hypothesized that hominids began cooking food to defrost frozen meat which would help ensure their survival in cold regions. Robert K. Wayne ,

700-564: The fields. Though the village head had been informed a half an hour before the military curfew started, he informed the Israeli commander that the fellahin and shepherds could not be notified in time that the curfew had been imposed. The incident became known as the Kafr Qasim massacre . In October 2021, the President of Israel Isaac Herzog made an official apology for the 1956 massacre, on behalf of

735-594: The following Upper Paleolithic period. Middle Paleolithic burials at sites such as Krapina in Croatia (dated to c. 130,000 BP) and the Qafzeh and Es Skhul caves in Israel ( c. 100,000 BP) have led some anthropologists and archeologists (such as Philip Lieberman ) to believe that Middle Paleolithic cultures may have possessed a developing religious ideology which included concepts such as an afterlife ; other scholars suggest

SECTION 20

#1732851833815

770-827: The form of bracelets, beads, art rock, ochre used as body paint and perhaps in ritual, though earlier examples of artistic expression such as the Venus of Tan-Tan and the patterns found on elephant bones from Bilzingsleben in Thuringia may have been produced by Acheulean tool-users such as Homo erectus prior to the start of the Middle Paleolithic period. Activities such as catching large fish and hunting large game animals with specialized tools indicate increased group-wide cooperation and more elaborate social organization. In addition to developing advanced cultural traits, humans also first began to take part in long-distance trade between groups for rare commodities (such as ochre (which

805-418: The population of Kafr Qasim was 1,460, all Muslims, who owned 12,765 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. 239 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 491 were plantations and irrigable land, and 8,980 were planted with cereals, while 58 dunams were built-up (urban) land. Israeli military advances came to a halt at Kafr Qasim during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War . In 1949, Israel annexed

840-616: The primary filming location for the Israeli political thriller television series Fauda . F.C. Kafr Qasim plays in the Leumit League (second division). Following their promotion to the national league, it plays home matches at the Lod Municipal Stadium in Lod . A new stadium is under construction. Middle Paleolithic Fertile Crescent : Europe : Africa : Siberia : The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic )

875-599: The second store on Jaffa Road in Jerusalem . Yechezkel Steimatzky was a Russian -born immigrant from Germany . He had originally come to the British Mandate of Palestine on a short visit for the opening of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and decided to stay after he saw the potential in opening a foreign language bookstore that would serve a growing immigrants' market as well as British Army soldiers serving under

910-614: The state. In 1959, the town was granted local council status by the Israeli Interior Ministry . Sheikh Abdullah Nimar Darwish started the Islamic Movement . Israeli parliamentarian Sheikh Ibrahim Sarsur , a native of Kafr Qasim, served for a decade on the town council and heads the southern faction of the Islamic Movement of Israel since 1999. In December 2007, President Shimon Peres formally apologised for

945-552: The theory of the recent African origin of modern humans , anatomically modern humans began migrating out of Africa during the Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic around 125,000 years ago and began to replace earlier pre-existent Homo species such as the Neanderthals and Homo erectus . The earliest evidence of behavioral modernity first appears during the Middle Paleolithic; undisputed evidence of behavioral modernity, however, only becomes common during

980-441: The town in accordance with the 1949 Armistice Agreements . On October 29, 1956, on the eve of the joint Israeli, French and British invasion of Egypt , Israel moved up the time of the local curfew as it was concerned that nearby Jordan would enter the fighting. After the curfew started, a platoon of Israeli border police who had been sent to the area encountered and killed 49 villagers returning to Kafr Qasim from their work in

1015-466: The village. In 1917, during World War I , Kafr Qasim (together with the rest of the area) was captured from the ruling Ottoman Empire by the British Army and was later placed under the British Mandate of Palestine . In the 1922 census of Palestine Kufr Quasem had a population of 661, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 989, still all Muslims, in a total of 241 houses. In 1945

1050-535: Was a virtual monopoly in Israel until 2002. In 2002 two smaller competitors ( Tzomet Sfarim , Yerid Hasfarim ) and Modan Publishing House united under the Tzomet Sfarim brand, operating about 40 stores. In 2004 Steimatzky merged with Keter Publishing House . In 2005 Markstone Capital Partners purchased the company. In 2006, Steimatzky operated stores in 68 cities in Israel as well as in London and Los Angeles . It

1085-471: Was acquired by a group of investors led by G. Yafit . Eyal Greenberg, the son of Yafit Greenberg ("G Yafit"), was appointed CEO. By September 2017 the gap between Steimatzky and its main competitor, Tzomet Sfarim, was closing. Steimatzky reduced its number of branches to 140, Tzomet Sfarim upped to 96. On 1 October 2018 and 1 April 2020, Tzomet Sfarim had 95 branches. Steimatzky was unchanged on 1 October 2018 and down to 136 on 22 November 2020. Early 2018,

Kafr Qasim - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-519: Was common in human societies prior to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, based on the large amount of "butchered human" bones found in Neandertal and other Middle Paleolithic sites. Cannibalism in the Middle Paleolithic may have occurred because of food shortages. However it is also possible that Middle Paleolithic cannibalism occurred for religious reasons which would coincide with the development of religious practices thought to have occurred during

1155-470: Was estimated that the company held a 40% share in the Israeli book retailing market and employed over 700 people worldwide. In September 2007, Eri Steimatzky announced his retirement from the chain, leaving the company in the hands of Markstone Capital. In 2010 Steimatzky operated over 160 stores across Israel in various formats. These included mall-based stores, stores with coffee shops, extensive non-book offerings, and larger formats. In June 2014 Steimatzky

1190-505: Was more elaborate than previous Acheulean techniques. Wallace and Shea split the core artifacts into two different types: formal cores and expedient cores. Formal cores are designed to extract the maximum amount from the raw material while expedient cores are based more upon functional need. This method increased efficiency by permitting the creation of more controlled and consistent flakes. This method allowed Middle Paleolithic humans correspondingly to create stone-tipped spears, which were

1225-640: Was often used for religious purposes such as ritual )) and raw materials during the Middle Paleolithic as early as 120,000 years ago. Inter-group trade may have appeared during the Middle Paleolithic because trade between bands would have helped ensure their survival by allowing them to exchange resources and commodities such as raw materials during times of relative scarcity (i.e., famine or drought). Evidence from archeology and comparative ethnography indicates that Middle Paleolithic people lived in small, egalitarian band societies similar to those of Upper Paleolithic societies and some modern hunter-gatherers such as

#814185