Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting ) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example. It was the United States' first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, until the 1980s.
34-571: The KIIS Network is an Australian commercial radio stations owned and operated by the ARN . Formerly branded as the Mix Network , the network was rebranded as the KIIS Network in 2015 following the relaunch of KIIS 101.1 Melbourne. The KIIS Network is named after KIIS-FM , a Los Angeles based radio station broadcast on the 102.7 MHz FM band. In November 2014, ARN announced that from January 2015
68-544: A radio station in Australia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Commercial radio Commercial broadcasting is primarily based on the practice of airing radio advertisements and television advertisements for profit. This is in contrast to public broadcasting , which receives government subsidies and usually does not have paid advertising interrupting the show. During pledge drives , some public broadcasters will interrupt shows to ask for donations. In
102-441: A satellite radio network, before being bought out by CD Radio in 1993 for $ 2 million. In November 1999, Margolese changed the name of CD Radio to Sirius Satellite Radio. In November 2001, Margolese stepped down as CEO, remaining as chairman until November 2003, with Sirius issuing a statement thanking him "for his great vision, leadership and dedication in creating both Sirius and the satellite radio industry." XM’s first satellite
136-626: A wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio. Satellite radio technology was inducted into the Space Foundation Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2002. Satellite radio uses the 2.3 GHz S band in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting. In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses the 1.4 GHz L band allocated for DAB . The first satellite radio broadcasts occurred in Africa and
170-653: A year after the demise of Mix 101.1 in Melbourne and the successful rebranding of KIIS 106.5 in Sydney earlier that year, the Mix Network would be rebranded as the KIIS Network, with KIIS 101.1 alongside KIIS 106.5 , 97.3FM and Mix 102.3 . The Brisbane and Adelaide stations retained their respective station names and music formats, but adopted the same branding themes inline with their KIIS sister stations. Mix 106.3 in Canberra
204-583: Is also a part of the network, but predominantly carries its own programming. An announcement of their branding being realigned to the rest of the KIIS Network was made in December 2019. In December 2014, it was announced that Fairfax Media would merge with the Macquarie Radio Network and sell 96FM Perth to ARN. In January 2015, 96FM joined the KIIS Network. In January 2022, it was announced that Brisbane's 97.3FM would rebrand to KIIS 97.3, following
238-531: Is available and WorldSpace Satellite Radio was available. The best and most known commercial broadcasters in Asia are the South Korean radio and television networks SBS , Hong Kong television networks TVB , Taiwanese television networks FTV and Philippine radio and television networks GMA Network . Contemporary hit radio in bold . & Borno Radio Television (BRTV) Satellite radio Satellite radio
272-515: Is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)'s ITU Radio Regulations (RR) as a broadcasting-satellite service . The satellite's signals are broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations, and the service is primarily intended for the occupants of motor vehicles . It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and
306-598: Is known as leased access . Other programming (particularly on cable television) is produced by companies operating in much the same manner as advertising-funded commercial broadcasters, and they (and often the local cable provider) sell commercial time in a similar manner. The FCC's interest in program control began with the chain-broadcasting investigation of the late 1930s, culminating in the "Blue Book" of 1946 , Public Service Responsibility For Broadcast Licensees . The Blue Book differentiated between mass-appeal sponsored programs and unsponsored "sustaining" programs offered by
340-446: The audience measurement of a station or network. This makes commercial broadcasters more accountable to advertisers than public broadcasting , a disadvantage of commercial radio and television. In Europe, commercial broadcasting coexists with public broadcasting (where programming is largely funded by broadcast receiver licenses , public donations or government grants). In the UK, Sky UK
374-411: The 2.3 GHz S band in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting. MobaHO! operated at 2.6 GHz. In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses part of the 1.4 GHz L band allocated for DAB . Satellite radio subscribers purchase a receiver and pay a monthly subscription fee to listen to programming. They can listen through built-in or portable receivers in automobiles; in
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#1732859068222408-609: The Middle East in 1999. The first US broadcasts were in 2001 followed by Japan in 2004 and Canada in 2005. There have been three (not counting MobaHo! of Japan) major satellite radio companies: WorldSpace , Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio , all founded in the 1990s in the United States. WorldSpace operated in the Africa and Asia region, whereas Sirius and XM competed in the North American (USA and Canada) market. Of
442-618: The Republic of Korea and whose services began on October 20, 2004, and ended on March 31, 2009. XM satellite radio was launched in Canada on November 29, 2005. Sirius followed two days later on December 1, 2005. Sirius Canada and XM Radio Canada announced their merger into Sirius XM Canada on November 24, 2010. It was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on April 12, 2011. Satellite radio uses
476-614: The US and some Latin American countries. Commercial broadcasting is the dominant type of broadcasting in the United States and most of Latin America. "The US commercial system resulted from a carefully crafted cooperation endeavor by national corporations and federal regulators." The best-known commercial broadcasters in the United States today are the ABC , CBS , Fox , and NBC television networks , based in
510-545: The United States began providing background music to hotels, retail chains, restaurants, airlines and other businesses. On April 30, 2013, SiriusXM CEO Jim Meyer stated that the company would be pursuing opportunities over the next few years to provide in-car services through their existing satellites, including telematics (automated security and safety, such as stolen vehicle tracking and roadside assistance) and entertainment (such as weather and gas prices). As of December 2020 , SiriusXM had 34.7 million subscribers. This
544-528: The United States, non-commercial educational (NCE) television and radio exist in the form of community radio ; however, premium cable services such as HBO and Showtime generally operate solely on subscriber fees and do not sell advertising. This is also the case for the portions of the two major satellite radio systems that are produced in-house (mainly music programming). Radio broadcasting originally began without paid commercials. As time went on, however, advertisements seemed less objectionable to both
578-460: The United States. Major cable television in the United States operators include Comcast , Charter Communications and Cox Communications . Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) services include DirecTV and Dish Network . In an hour of broadcast time on a commercial broadcasting station, 10 to 20 minutes are typically devoted to advertising . Advertisers pay a certain amount of money to air their commercials , usually based upon program ratings or
612-612: The acquisition of Grant Broadcasters by ARN. As of April 2024, the KIIS Network consists of thirteen radio stations. Mix 106.3 Canberra is a joint-venture with Southern Cross Austereo and programmed as part of the Triple M network. However, it does air some networked programming from joint venture partner ARN ( The Christian O'Connell Show from Gold 104.3 Melbourne and Jonesy & Amanda from 101.7 WSFM Sydney). ^KIIS only | ^^KIIS and Mix102.3 only | ^^^except Sydney and Melbourne The KIIS Network simulcasts each station in
646-461: The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2008. In March 2010, the company announced it would be de-commissioning its two satellites (one served Asia , the other served Africa). Liberty Media , which owns 50% of Sirius XM Radio, had considered purchasing WorldSpace’s assets, but talks between the companies collapsed. The satellites are now transmitting educational data and operate under
680-578: The goal of making satellite radio programming available to the developing world. On June 22, 1991, the FCC gave WorldSpace permission to launch a satellite to provide digital programming to Africa and the Middle East . WorldSpace first began broadcasting satellite radio on October 1, 1999, in Africa. India would ultimately account for over 90% of WorldSpace’s subscriber base. In 2008, WorldSpace announced plans to enter Europe , but those plans were set aside when
714-681: The home and office with a portable or tabletop receiver equipped to connect the receiver to a stereo system; or on the Internet. Reception is activated by obtaining the radio's unique ID and giving this to the service provider. Ground stations transmit signals to the satellites which are 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the Equator in geostationary orbits . The satellites send the signals back down to radio receivers in cars and homes. This signal contains scrambled broadcasts, along with meta data about each specific broadcast. The signals are unscrambled by
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#1732859068222748-671: The industry," the FCC also sold a license to the American Mobile Radio Corporation, which changed its name to XM Satellite Radio in October 1998. XM was founded by Lon Levin and Gary Parsons, who served as chairman until November 2009. CD Radio purchased their license for $ 83.3 million, and American Mobile Radio Corporation bought theirs for $ 89.9 million. Digital Satellite Broadcasting Corporation and Primosphere were unsuccessful in their bids for licenses. Sky Highway Radio Corporation had also expressed interest in creating
782-554: The name of Yazmi USA, LLC. Ondas Media was a Spanish company which had proposed to launch a subscription-based satellite radio system to serve Spain and much of Western Europe, but failed to acquire licenses throughout Europe. Onde Numérique was a French company which had proposed to launch a subscription-based satellite radio system to serve France and several other countries in Western Europe but has suspended its plans indefinitely, effective December, 2016. Sirius Satellite Radio
816-674: The network on DAB+ digital radio in their local markets. It also broadcasts in a joint venture with the Pure Gold Network , the adult contemporary-formatted Chemist Warehouse Remix . The KIIS Network stations are also available online via iHeartRadio . On DAB+ in all markets (except Perth and Canberra), the KIIS Network operates a 90's pop digital station branded as KIIS 90s (branded Mix 90s in Adelaide), alongside an 80's pop station in Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. This article about
850-733: The public and government regulators and became more common. While commercial broadcasting was unexpected in radio, in television it was planned due to commercial radio's success. Television began with commercial sponsorship and later transformed to paid commercial time. When problems arose over patents and corporate marketing strategies, regulatory decisions were made by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to control commercial broadcasting. Commercial broadcasting overlaps with paid services such as cable television , radio and satellite television . Such services are generally partially or wholly paid for by local subscribers and
884-470: The radio networks. This sustained programming, according to the Blue Book, had five features serving the public interest: Commercial time has increased 31 seconds per hour for all prime time television shows. For example, ABC has increased from 9 minutes and 26 seconds to 11 minutes and 26 seconds. Programming on commercial stations is more ratings-driven— particularly during periods such as sweeps in
918-489: The radio receiver modules, which display the broadcast information. In urban areas, ground repeaters enable signals to be available even if the satellite signal is blocked. The technology allows for nationwide broadcasting, so that, for instance US listeners can hear the same stations anywhere in the country. Satellite radio in the US offers commercial-free music stations, as well as news, sports, and talk, some of which include commercials. In 2004, satellite radio companies in
952-528: The satellites, and for various other business expenses. Stating that it was the only way satellite radio could survive, Sirius and XM announced their merger on February 19, 2007, becoming Sirius XM. The FCC approved the merger on July 25, 2008, concluding that it was not a monopoly, primarily due to Internet audio-streaming competition. MobaHo! was a mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting service based in Japan which offered different services to Japan and
986-511: The three companies, WorldSpace went bankrupt in 2009 and Sirius and XM merged in 2008 to form Sirius XM . The merger was done to avoid bankruptcy. The new company had financial problems and was within days of bankruptcy in 2009, but was able to find investors. The company did not go bankrupt and Sirius XM Satellite radio continues (as of 2024 ) to operate. WorldSpace was founded by Ethiopia-born lawyer Noah Samara in Washington, D.C. , in 1990, with
1020-530: The use of the S-band frequencies that the FCC subsequently decided to allocate to digital audio broadcasting. The National Association of Broadcasters contended that satellite radio would harm local radio stations. In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as CEO of Satellite CD Radio; Briskman, who designed the company's satellite technology, was then appointed chairman and CEO. Six months later, Rogers Wireless co-founder Margolese, who had provided financial backing for
1054-488: The venture, acquired control of the company and succeeded Briskman. Margolese renamed the company CD Radio, and spent the next five years lobbying the FCC to allow satellite radio to be deployed, and the following five years raising $ 1.6 billion, which was used to build and launch three satellites into elliptical orbit from Kazakhstan in July 2000. In 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and "effectively created
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1088-556: Was founded by Martine Rothblatt , who served as the new company's Chairman of the Board. Co-founder David Margolese served as Chief Executive Officer with former NASA engineer Robert Briskman serving as President and Chief Operating Officer. In June 1990, Rothblatt's shell company, Satellite CD Radio, Inc., petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to assign new frequencies for satellites to broadcast digital sound to homes and cars. The company identified and argued in favor of
1122-413: Was launched on March 18, 2001 and its second on May 8, 2001. Its first broadcast occurred on September 25, 2001, nearly four months before Sirius. Sirius launched the initial phase of its service in four cities on February 14, 2002, expanding to the rest of the contiguous United States on July 1, 2002. The two companies spent over $ 3 billion combined to develop satellite radio technology, build and launch
1156-451: Was primarily due to the company’s partnerships with automakers and car dealers. Roughly 60% of new cars sold come equipped with SiriusXM, and just under half of those units gain paid subscriptions. The company has long-term deals with General Motors , Ford , Toyota , Kia , Bentley , BMW , Volkswagen , Nissan , Hyundai and Mitsubishi . The presence of Howard Stern , whose show attracts over 12 million listeners per week, has also been
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