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29-528: Justina Gender Female Origin Word/name Latin Derivation Iustus Meaning fair, just Other names See also Justin , Justine Justina is an anglicised versions of the Latin name Iustina , feminine of Iustinus , a derivative of Iustus , meaning fair or just . For the masculine version of

58-426: A sexual system termed gynodioecy . In a few species, female individuals coexist with males and hermaphrodites ; this sexual system is called trioecy . In Thor manningi (a species of shrimp), females coexist with males and protandrous hermaphrodites . A distinguishing characteristic of the class Mammalia is the presence of mammary glands . Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which

87-431: A male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce a female. The ZW sex-determination system , where females have ZW (as opposed to ZZ in males) sex chromosomes, is found in birds, reptiles and some insects and other organisms. The young of some species develop into one sex or the other depending on local environmental conditions, e.g. the sex of crocodilians is influenced by the temperature of their eggs. Other species (such as

116-537: A member of the Jette Parker Young Artists programme, Gringytė's roles included Maddalena ( Rigoletto ), Flora Bervoix ( La Traviata ), Wood Nymph ( Rusalka ), Maddalena ( Il viaggio a Reims ), Innocent ( The Minotaur ), Albina ( La donna del lago ) and Suzy ( La rondine ). Gringytė made her house debut in the 2013/14 season as Maddalena in Giuseppe Verdi 's Rigoletto before appearing with

145-406: A person's sex or gender identity . The word can also refer to the shape of connectors and fasteners , such as screws, electrical pins, and technical equipment. Under this convention, sockets and receptacles are called female, and the corresponding plugs male . Females produce ova , the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system , while the smaller and usually motile gametes,

174-682: A production by Calixto Bieito , was filmed and screened in cinemas across the UK. In 2022 she first performed the key Verdi role of Amneris in Aida at the Israeli Opera and performed it again in 2023 with Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre . In 2023, Gringytė married the Mexican-American conductor Robert Treviño . Her debut recording, The Complete Rachmaninov Songs with pianist Iain Burnside ,

203-432: A range of people without reference to age (e.g., girls ) or social status (e.g., lady ). As an adjective, female is still used in some contexts, particularly when the sex of the person is relevant, such as female athletes or to distinguish a male nurse from a female one. Biological sex is conceptually distinct from gender , although they are often used interchangeably. The adjective female can describe

232-548: A small cross underneath, is commonly used to represent females. Joseph Justus Scaliger once speculated that the symbol was associated with Venus, goddess of beauty , because it resembles a bronze mirror with a handle, but modern scholars consider that fanciful, and the most established view is that the female and male symbols derive from contractions in Greek script of the Greek names of the planets Thouros (Mars) and Phosphoros (Venus). Justina Gringyt%C4%97 During her time as

261-406: Is also a hypothesis that female genital evolution is the result of pleiotropy , i.e. unrelated genes that are affected by environmental conditions like low food also affect genitals. This hypothesis is unlikely to apply to a significant number of species, but natural selection in general has some role in female genital evolution. The symbol ♀ ( Unicode : U+2640 Alt codes : Alt+12), a circle with

290-468: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Female An organism 's sex is female ( symbol : ♀ ) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction . A female has larger gametes than a male . Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system , wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are

319-488: Is no fossil record of its emergence. Numerous theories exist as to why anisogamy emerged. Many share a common thread, in that larger female gametes are more likely to survive, and that smaller male gametes are more likely to find other gametes because they can travel faster. Current models often fail to account for why isogamy remains in a few species. Anisogamy appears to have evolved multiple times from isogamy; for example female Volvocales (a type of green algae) evolved from

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348-555: Is not limited to animals; egg cells are produced by chytrids , diatoms , water moulds and land plants , among others. In land plants, female and male designate not only the egg- and sperm-producing organisms and structures, but also the structures of the sporophytes that give rise to male and female plants . Species that are divided into females and males are classified as gonochoric in animals, as dioecious in seed plants and as dioicous in cryptogams . In some species, female and hermaphrodite individuals may coexist,

377-494: Is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals produce milk . Mammary glands are obvious in humans , because the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent breasts . Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are normally redundant in males of the species. Most mammalian females have two copies of the X chromosome , while males have only one X and one smaller Y chromosome ; some mammals, such as

406-744: The Welsh National Opera as Fenena in Nabucco . In 2014/15, Gringytė reprised the role of Maddalena at the Royal Opera House and The Bolshoi , and debuted the role of Hänsel in Hänsel und Gretel for the Vilnius City Opera. The 2014/15 season also saw Gringytė debut the title role in Carmen , a role in which she has received critical acclaim. Her performance of Carmen with English National Opera , in

435-433: The goby ) can transform, as adults, from one sex to the other in response to local reproductive conditions (such as a brief shortage of males). The question of how females evolved is mainly a question of why males evolved. The first organisms reproduced asexually, usually via binary fission , wherein a cell splits itself in half. From a strict numbers perspective, a species that is half males/half females can produce half

464-449: The platypus , have different combinations. One of the female's X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell of placental mammals while the paternally derived X is inactivated in marsupials. In birds and some reptiles, by contrast, it is the female which is heterozygous and carries a Z and a W chromosome while the male carries two Z chromosomes. In mammals, females can have XXX or X . Mammalian females bear live young , with

493-484: The spermatozoa , are produced by males. Generally, a female cannot reproduce sexually without access to the gametes of a male, and vice versa, but in some species females can reproduce by themselves asexually , for example via parthenogenesis . Patterns of sexual reproduction include: Other than the defining difference in the type of gamete produced, differences between males and females in one lineage cannot always be predicted by differences in another. The concept

522-2250: The Impaler, Voivode of Wallachia and inspiration for Dracula Modern era [ edit ] Justina Agatahi (born 1989), Nigerian judoka Justina Akpulo (born 1972), Nigerian handball player Justina Anyiam (born 1972), Nigerian handball player Justina Banda (born 1992), Zambian footballer Justina Blakeney (born 1979), American designer and author Justina Bricka (born 1943), American former tennis player Justina Casagli (1794–1841), Swedish opera singer Justina Chen (born 1968), Taiwanese-American fiction writer and executive communications consultant Justina Chepchirchir (born 1968), Kenyan former middle-distance runner Justina David (1912-?), Filipina film actress Justina Di Stasio (born 1992), Canadian wrestler of Italian and Cree descent Justina Eze , Nigerian diplomat and politician Justina Ford (1871–1952), American physician Justina Gaspar (?-1986), Mozambican politician Justina Gringytė (born 1986), Lithuanian operatic singer Justina Huff (1893–1977), American silent film actress Justina Ireland , American science-fiction and fantasy author Justina Jovaišytė (born 1998), Lithuanian racing cyclist Justina Lavrenovaitė-Perez (born 1984), Lithuanian football referee and former player Justina Machado (born 1972), American actress Justina Mikulskytė (born 1996), Lithuanian tennis player Justina Morales (1987–1995), American murder victim Justina Morcillo (born 2000), Argentine footballer Justina Praça (born 1979), Angolan retired handball player Justina Robson (born 1968), English science fiction author Justina Sharp (born 1997), American fashion and beauty influencer, blogger, journalist, advice columnist, and social justice advocate Justina Szilágyi (1455–1497), Hungarian noblewoman Justina Vail Evans (born 1963), British actress, life coach, author, and hypnotherapist Justina Valentine , American television host, rapper, singer, songwriter, and model Justina Wilhelm , American academic administrator, community leader, and social worker [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

551-499: The course of an organism's life. The sex of most mammals, including humans, is genetically determined by the XY sex-determination system where females have XX (as opposed to XY in males) sex chromosomes . It is also possible in a variety of species, including humans, to have other karyotypes . During reproduction , the male contributes either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while the female always contributes an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce

580-459: The exception of monotreme females, which lay eggs. Some non-mammalian species, such as guppies , have analogous reproductive structures; and some other non-mammals, such as some sharks , also bear live young. In sex determination for mammals, female is the default sex, while in the poplar genus Populus the default is male. The sex of a particular organism may be determined by genetic or environmental factors, or may naturally change during

609-479: The late 14th century the English spelling was altered to parallel that of male . It has been used as both noun and adjective since the 14th century. Originally, from its first appearance in the 1300s, female exclusively referred to humans and always indicated that the speaker spoke of a woman or a girl. A century later, the meaning was expanded to include non-human female organisms. For several centuries, using

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638-1084: The name, see Justin . Translations [ edit ] Russian: Устинья, Юстина, Иустина Belarusian: Юстына, Юсціна Czech: Justina or Justýna Croatian: Justina, Justa, Juste Slovak: Justína Romanian: Iustina Hungarian: Jusztina Finnish: Justiina Greek: Ιουστίνη (Ioustine) Lithuanian: Justina, Justė Polish: Justyna Ukrainian: Юстина , Устина Italian: Giustina French: Justine Portuguese: Justina Spanish: Justina Swedish: Justina Arabic: يوستينا (Youstina) Albanian:Gjystina People named Justina [ edit ] Ancient and medieval eras [ edit ] Saint Justina of Cagliari (died 130), Christian martyr - see Justa, Justina and Henedina Saint Justina of Padua (died c. 304), Christian martyr Saint Justina of Antioch (died 304), Christian martyr - see Cyprian and Justina Justina (empress) (c. 340–c. 388), second wife of Roman Emperor Valentinian I and mother of Emperor Valentinian II Justina Szilágyi (1455–1497), Hungarian noblewoman, second wife of Vlad

667-400: The offspring an asexual population can, because only the females are having offspring. Being male can also carry significant costs, such as in flashy sexual displays in animals (such as big antlers or colorful feathers), or needing to produce an outsized amount of pollen as a plant in order to get a chance to fertilize a female. Yet despite the costs of being male, there must be some advantage to

696-928: The plus mating type . Although sexual evolution emerged at least 1.2 billion years ago, the lack of anisogamous fossil records make it hard to pinpoint when females evolved. Female sex organs (genitalia, in animals) have an extreme range of variation among species and even within species. The evolution of female genitalia remains poorly understood compared to male genitalia, reflecting a now-outdated belief that female genitalia are less varied than male genitalia, and thus less useful to study. The difficulty of reaching female genitalia has also complicated their study. New 3D technology has made female genital study simpler. Genitalia evolve very quickly. There are three main hypotheses as to what impacts female genital evolution: lock-and-key (genitals must fit together), cryptic female choice (females affect whether males can fertilize them), and sexual conflict (a sort of sexual arms race). There

725-459: The process. The advantages are explained by the evolution of anisogamy , which led to the evolution of male and female function. Before the evolution of anisogamy, mating types in a species were isogamous : the same size and both could move, catalogued only as "+" or "-" types. In anisogamy, the mating cells are called gametes. The female gamete is larger than the male gamete, and usually immotile. Anisogamy remains poorly understood, as there

754-454: The reproductive system , as with mammary glands in mammals. In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity . The word female comes from the Latin femella , the diminutive form of femina , meaning " woman ", by way of the Old French femelle . It is not etymologically related to the word male , but in

783-506: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justina&oldid=1255913566 " Categories : Lithuanian feminine given names Portuguese feminine given names Spanish feminine given names Feminine given names Swedish feminine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

812-471: The same size). The exact mechanism of female gamete evolution remains unknown. In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes , or environmental conditions. Most female mammals , including female humans , have two X chromosomes . Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems , with some species showing characteristics secondary to

841-573: The word female as a noun was considered more respectful than calling her a woman or a lady and was preferred for that reason; however, by 1895, the linguistic fashion had changed, and female was often considered disparaging, usually on the grounds that it grouped humans with other animals. In the 21st century, the noun female is primarily used to describe non-human animals, to refer to biologically female humans in an impersonal technical context (e.g., "Females were more likely than males to develop an autoimmune disease"), or to impartially include

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