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27-755: A jungle is land covered with dense forest and tangled vegetation, usually in tropical climates . Application of the term has varied greatly during the past century. The word jungle originates from the Sanskrit word jaṅgala ( जङ्गल ), meaning rough and arid. It came into the English language in the 18th century via the Hindustani word for forest ( Hindi/Urdu : जङ्गल / جنگل ) (Jangal). Jāṅgala has also been variously transcribed in English as jangal , jangla , jungal , and juṅgala . It has been suggested that an Anglo-Indian interpretation led to its connotation as

54-404: A "typical" jungle. Jungle also typically forms along rainforest margins such as stream banks, once again due to the greater available light at ground level. Monsoon forests and mangroves are commonly referred to as jungles of this type. Having a more open canopy than rainforests, monsoon forests typically have dense understoreys with numerous lianas and shrubs making movement difficult, while

81-522: A dense "tangled thicket". The term is prevalent in many languages of the Indian subcontinent , and the Iranian Plateau , where it is commonly used to refer to the plant growth replacing primeval forest or to the unkempt tropical vegetation that takes over abandoned areas. Because jungles occur on all inhabited landmasses and may incorporate numerous vegetation and land types in different climatic zones ,

108-409: A linguistic transition that has occurred since the 1970s. "Rainforest" itself did not appear in English dictionaries prior to the 1970s. The word "jungle" accounted for over 80% of the terms used to refer to tropical forests in print media prior to the 1970s; since then it has been steadily replaced by "rainforest", although "jungle" still remains in common use when referring to tropical rainforests. As

135-518: A metaphor, jungle often refers to situations that are unruly or lawless, or where the only law is perceived to be "survival of the fittest". This reflects the view of "city people" that forests are such places. Upton Sinclair gave the title The Jungle (1906) to his famous book about the life of workers at the Chicago Stockyards, portraying the workers as being mercilessly exploited with no legal or other lawful recourse. The term " The Law of

162-505: A wolf of the pack ye must fight him alone and afar, Lest others take part in the quarrel and the pack is diminished by war.   The lair of the wolf is his refuge, and where he has made him his home, Not even the head wolf may enter, not even the council may come.   The lair of the wolf is his refuge, but where he has digged it too plain, The council shall send him a message, and so he shall change it again.   If ye kill before midnight be silent and wake not

189-399: Is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight, and hence relatively easy to traverse. Jungles may exist within, or at the borders of, tropical forests in areas where the woodland has been opened through natural disturbance such as hurricanes, or through human activity such as logging. The successional vegetation that springs up following such disturbance, is dense and tangled and is

216-483: The climate change impacts on habitats and biodiversity, as well as natural resources, in the target areas. Land cover change detection and mapping is a key component of interdisciplinary land change science , which uses it to determine the consequences of land change on climate. The Law of the Jungle "NOW this is the law of the jungle, as old and as true as the sky, And the wolf that shall keep it may prosper, but

243-449: The jungles of India . Chapter Two of The Second Jungle Book (1895) includes a poem featuring the Law of the Jungle, as known to the wolves and taught to their offspring. In the 1994 film The Jungle Book , the jungle law is portrayed as a decree forbidding the killing of animals for reasons outside of one's own survival, such as gluttony or sport. The law is maintained by Shere Khan ,

270-443: The prop roots and low canopies of mangroves produce similar difficulties. Because European explorers initially travelled through tropical forests largely by river, the dense tangled vegetation lining the stream banks gave a misleading impression that such jungle conditions existed throughout the entire forest. As a result, it was wrongly assumed that the entire forest was impenetrable jungle. This in turn appears to have given rise to

297-429: The wildlife of jungles cannot be straightforwardly defined. One of the most common meanings of jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level, especially in the tropics . Typically such vegetation is sufficiently dense to hinder movement by humans, requiring that travellers cut their way through. This definition draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle, since the understorey of rainforests

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324-463: The Jungle " is also used in a similar context, drawn from Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book (1894)—though in the society of jungle animals portrayed in that book and obviously meant as a metaphor for human society, that phrase referred to an intricate code of laws which Kipling describes in detail, and not at all to a lawless chaos. The word "jungle" carries connotations of untamed and uncontrollable nature and isolation from civilisation, along with

351-521: The Law of the Jungle as " the code of survival in jungle life , now usually with reference to the superiority of brute force or self-interest in the struggle for survival". The phrase was introduced in Rudyard Kipling 's 1894 work The Jungle Book , where it described the behaviour of wolves in a pack. In his 1894 novel The Jungle Book , Rudyard Kipling uses the term to describe an actual set of legal codes used by wolves and other animals in

378-429: The emotions that evokes: threat, confusion, powerlessness, disorientation and immobilisation. The change from "jungle" to "rainforest" as the preferred term for describing tropical forests has been a response to an increasing perception of these forests as fragile and spiritual places, a viewpoint not in keeping with the darker connotations of "jungle". Cultural scholars , especially post-colonial critics, often analyse

405-437: The head and the hide.   The kill of the pack is the meat of the pack. Ye must eat where it lies; And no one may carry away of that meat to his lair, or he dies.   The kill of the wolf is the meat of the wolf. He may do what he will, But, till he has given permission, the pack may not eat of that kill.   Cub right is the right of the yearling. From all of his pack he may claim Full gorge when

432-421: The intention is to re-plant" ( UK and Ireland ), while areas with many trees may not be labelled as forest "if the trees are not growing fast enough" ( Norway and Finland ). "Land cover" is distinct from " land use ", despite the two terms often being used interchangeably. Land use is a description of how people utilize the land and of socio-economic activity . Urban and agricultural land uses are two of

459-673: The jungle and Africa become the source of temptation for white European characters like Marlowe and Kurtz. Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak compared Israel to "a villa in the jungle", a comparison which had been often quoted in Israeli political debates. Barak's critics on the left side of Israeli politics strongly criticised the comparison. Land cover There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey, and analysis of remotely sensed imagery . Land change models can be built from these types of data to assess changes in land cover over time. One of

486-527: The jungle within the concept of hierarchical domination and the demand western cultures often places on other cultures to conform to their standards of civilisation. For example: Edward Said notes that the Tarzan depicted by Johnny Weissmuller was a resident of the jungle representing the savage, untamed and wild, yet still a white master of it; and in his essay " An Image of Africa " about Heart of Darkness Nigerian novelist and theorist Chinua Achebe notes how

513-446: The jungle's "royal keeper" and protector, who kills anyone who has violated it. In the 2016 Disney remake of their 1967 animated film The Jungle Book , itself based on the novel, the wolves often recite a poem referred to as the "Law of the Jungle". When Baloo asks Mowgli if he has ever heard a song, he begins to recite it, and the bear tells him that it is not a song, but a propaganda text. This sociology -related article

540-476: The killer has eaten; and none may refuse him the same.   Lair right is the right of the mother. From all of her year she may claim One haunch of each kill for her litter, and none may deny her the same.   Cave right is the right of the father, to hunt by himself for his own; He is freed from all calls to the pack. He is judged by the council alone.   Because of his age and his cunning, because of his gripe and his paw, In all that

567-424: The law leaveth open the word of the head wolf is law.   Now these are the laws of the jungle, and many and mighty are they; But the head and the hoof of the law and the haunch and the hump is—Obey!" —Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) " The law of the jungle " (also called jungle law ) is an expression that has come to describe a scenario where "anything goes". The Oxford English Dictionary defines

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594-488: The major land cover issues (as with all natural resource inventories) is that every survey defines similarly named categories in different ways. For instance, there are many definitions of " forest "—sometimes within the same organisation—that may or may not incorporate a number of different forest features (e.g., stand height, canopy cover, strip width, inclusion of grasses, and rates of growth for timber production ). Areas without trees may be classified as forest cover "if

621-574: The most commonly known land use classes. At any one point or place, there may be multiple and alternate land uses, the specification of which may have a political dimension. The origins of the "land cover/land use" couplet and the implications of their confusion are discussed in Fisher et al. (2005). Following table is Land Cover statistics by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) with 14 classes. Land cover change detection using remote sensing and geospatial data provides baseline information for assessing

648-417: The second popular usage of jungle as virtually any humid tropical forest . Jungle in this context is particularly associated with tropical rain forest , but may extend to cloud forest , temperate rainforest, and mangroves with no reference to the vegetation structure or the ease of travel. The terms "tropical forest" and "rainforest" have largely replaced "jungle" as the descriptor of humid tropical forests,

675-454: The wolf is a hunter—go forth and get food of thy own. Keep peace with the lords of the jungle, the tiger, the panther, the bear; And trouble not Hathi the Silent, and mock not the boar in his lair.   When pack meets with pack in the jungle, and neither will go from the trail, Lie down till the leaders have spoken; it may be fair words shall prevail.   When ye fight with

702-458: The wolf that shall break it must die. As the creeper that girdles the tree trunk, the law runneth forward and back; For the strength of the pack is the wolf, and the strength of the wolf is the pack. Wash daily from nose tip to tail tip; drink deeply, but never too deep; And remember the night is for hunting and forget not the day is for sleep.   The jackal may follow the tiger, but, cub, when thy whiskers are grown, Remember

729-402: The woods with your bay, Lest ye frighten the deer from the crop and thy brothers go empty away.   Ye may kill for yourselves, and your mates, and your cubs as they need and ye can; But kill not for pleasure of killing, and seven times never kill man.   If ye plunder his kill from a weaker, devour not all in thy pride, Pack-right is the right of the meanest; so leave him

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