Squ-sacht-un (1838 – 11 November 1897), also known as John Slocum , was a member of the Squaxin Island Tribe , Coast Salish, and a reputed holy man and prophet who founded the Indian Shaker Church in 1881.
34-667: Born in Mason County, Washington in 1838, Slocum was introduced to Christianity by missionaries working in Washington 's Puget Sound region. As a young man he had lived on the Skokomish Indian Reservation , where he attended a Presbyterian church and also became familiar with the Roman Catholic faith after being baptized by a Catholic priest. He worked as a cutter and hauler for a lumber company, and eventually became
68-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending
102-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in
136-401: A foreman, owning his own logging company with a 14-man crew. In order to facilitate the transport of timber, Slocum's crew constructed several corduroy roads on the reservation. Slocum, like many other loggers, drank and gambled with his friends in the evenings. Because alcoholic beverages were illegal on the reservation, Slocum drank Jamaica Ginger , an extract with a high alcohol content that
170-678: A household in the county was $ 39,586, and the median income for a family was $ 44,246. Males had a median income of $ 37,007 versus $ 25,817 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 18,056. About 8.80% of families and 12.20% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.30% of those under age 18 and 4.90% of those age 65 or over. Mason County has one hospital, Mason General Hospital, in Shelton, operated by Washington Public Hospital District No. 1. 47°21′N 123°11′W / 47.35°N 123.18°W / 47.35; -123.18 County seat A county seat
204-411: A limited time on earth, during which he felt compelled to construct a church and guide his people towards salvation. Slocum continued to operate his logging crew, and eventually he started drinking again. About a year later, Slocum once again became ill. While his wife, Mary Thompson Slocum, cared for him, she started shaking uncontrollably in his presence. When he recovered, he interpreted her shaking as
238-647: A new religion. He was told how to bring Native American peoples to salvation . This experience was similar to that described by other 19th-century Native American prophets, including Neolin , Handsome Lake , Yonaguska , Tenskwatawa , Tavibo and his son Wovoka , and Smohalla , all of whom had prophetic visions. In 1886, Slocum began preaching a message he designated " Tschadam. " Slocum said God had informed him that Native Americans would be saved if they gave up harmful behaviors such as drinking, smoking tobacco, and gambling. He also warned against shamanistic healers and their rituals. Slocum believed that he had been granted
272-474: A spiritual manifestation which saved him from death. Slocum incorporated shaking or twitching into the religion as a way to brush off sin, sickness, or bad feelings. This practice led non-natives to call the Church the "Indian Shaker Religion." Slocum and some of his followers were imprisoned regularly for their opposition to government-mandated acculturation programs for Pacific Coast peoples. Persecutions ended after
306-586: Is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and the United States . An equivalent term, shire town , is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions, such as Venezuela . In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below
340-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of
374-564: Is water. Oakland Bay As of the 2010 census , there were 60,699 people, 23,832 households, and 16,057 families living in the county. The population density was 63.3 inhabitants per square mile (24.4/km ). There were 32,518 housing units at an average density of 33.9 units per square mile (13.1 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 86.1% white, 3.7% American Indian, 1.2% Asian, 1.1% black or African American, 0.4% Pacific islander, 3.4% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.0% of
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#1732855275447408-509: The 2000 census , there were 49,405 people, 18,912 households, and 13,389 families living in the county. The population density was 51 people per square mile (20 people/km ). There were 25,515 housing units at an average density of 26 units per square mile (10 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 88.46% White , 1.19% Black or African American , 3.72% Native American , 1.05% Asian , 0.45% Pacific Islander , 2.10% from other races , and 3.03% from two or more races. 4.78% of
442-935: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of
476-621: The church was incorporated in Oregon (1907), Washington (1910), and California (1932), and in the late 20th century more than 20 congregations united, with some 3,000 adherents. Slocum died in Oakland, Washington in 1897 and was initially buried in Johns Prairie, an outlying district of Shelton, Washington . He was reburied in the Shelton Memorial Cemetery on 5 October 1975, and a monument
510-517: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of
544-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in
578-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for
612-517: The first Secretary of Washington Territory . Mason County comprises the Shelton micropolitan statistical area and is included in the Seattle - Tacoma combined statistical area . According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,051 square miles (2,720 km ), of which 959 square miles (2,480 km ) is land and 92 square miles (240 km ) (8.7%)
646-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of
680-572: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan
714-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford
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#1732855275447748-732: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With
782-502: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.7% were of German , 9.9% Irish , 9.8% English , 8.6% United States or American and 6.8% Norwegian ancestry. There were 18,912 households, out of which 28.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.90% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 23.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who
816-444: The population. In terms of ancestry, 19.7% were German , 13.8% were English , 13.5% were Irish , 6.7% were Norwegian , and 4.9% were American . Of the 23,832 households, 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.6% were non-families, and 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
850-752: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized
884-448: The spiritual treatment of drug and alcohol dependence. Mason County, Washington Mason County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington . As of the 2020 census , the population was 65,726. The county seat and only incorporated city is Shelton . The county was formed out of Thurston County on March 13, 1854. Originally named Sawamish County, it took its present name in 1864 in honor of Charles H. Mason ,
918-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of
952-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of
986-538: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,
1020-467: Was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age was 44.4 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 48,104 and the median income for a family was $ 56,809. Males had a median income of $ 44,992 versus $ 33,982 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 22,530. About 11.1% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 21.0% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. As of
1054-459: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.89. In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.50% under the age of 18, 7.70% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 25.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 107.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.30 males. The median income for
John Slocum - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-468: Was dedicated at his grave site. Slocum was succeeded as church leader by Louis "Mud Bay Louie" Yowaluch (d. 1906), his friend and former employee in the timber-cutting trade. Louis was in turn succeeded by his brother "Mud Bay Sam" Yowaluch (1846–1911), another friend of Slocum. The Indian Shaker Religion is still practiced and combines many traditional native beliefs and customs with Christian beliefs about God , heaven and hell . The church specializes in
1122-568: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government
1156-460: Was sold as a health tonic . In 1881 he became ill and allegedly fell into a coma. His family believed that he was dead, however Slocum revived after a few hours and said that he had had a vision in which he was transported to the gates of heaven. There he met an angel who told him that because he had led an immoral life, he would not be permitted to enter. The angel gave Slocum the choice of going to Hell or returning to earth to instruct his people in
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