41-510: John Hunter may refer to: Politics [ edit ] John Hunter (British politician) (1724–1802), British Member of Parliament for Leominster John Hunter (Canadian politician) (1909–1993), Canadian Liberal MP for Parkdale, 1949–1957 Sir John Hunter (consul-general) (died 1816), British consul-general in Spain John Hunter (Northern Ireland politician) , Ulster unionist member of
82-551: A " mulatto ". In 1781 Hunter first took up the role of Director of the East India Company . The company's rule was that directors served for four years but were not eligible for re-election until the year after their previous term ended, but Hunter was re-elected in 1786, 1791, 1796 and 1801 so he was still on the Board at his death more than 20 years later. His role as a Director made him more influential in politics and in 1783 he
123-546: A collection of living animals whose skeletons and other organs he prepared as anatomical specimens, eventually amassing nearly 14,000 preparations demonstrating the anatomy of humans and other vertebrates , including 3,000+ animals. Hunter became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1787. The Hunterian Society of London was named in his honour, and
164-581: A famous anatomist and wax modeller teaching in London; some of the illustrations in his text were likely hers. After qualifying, he worked at St George's Hospital as an assistant surgeon from 1756, then as a surgeon from 1768. Hunter was commissioned as an Army surgeon in 1760 and was a staff surgeon on an expedition to the French island of Belle Île in 1761, then served in 1762 with the British Army. Hunter left
205-571: A friend of the actor Samuel Foote . In Imogen Robertson 's 2009 novel, Instruments of Darkness , anatomist Gabriel Crowther advises an acquaintance to seek refuge at his friend Hunter's home for the young Earl of Sussex's party from deadly pursuers released during the Gordon Riots ; leopards in Hunter's menagerie killed the would-be assassins, and he envisaged their bodies' dissection. In Jessie Greengrass 's novel, Sight , she intercuts her story with
246-563: A profit. At the 1780 general election , Hunter came forward as an Opposition candidate for the borough of Milborne Port in Somerset. He and his running mate, Temple Luttrell, were defeated by the Northite candidates with Hunter finishing bottom of the poll. In the same year his wife, Anne, died; she was a relative of William Hornby , the Governor of Bombay. It is said that Hunter married again to
287-405: A reform of the system for appointment and promotion of army surgeons based on experience and merit, rather than the patronage-based system that had been in place. Hunter's death in 1793 was due to a heart attack brought on by an argument at St George's Hospital concerning the admission of students. He was originally buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields , but in 1859 was reburied in the north aisle of
328-456: A single pathogen. Living in an age when physicians frequently experimented on themselves, he was the subject of an often-repeated legend claiming that he had inoculated himself with gonorrhea, using a needle that was unknowingly contaminated with syphilis. When he contracted both syphilis and gonorrhoea, he claimed it proved his erroneous theory that they were the same underlying venereal disease. The experiment, reported in Hunter's A Treatise on
369-700: A supporter of Pitt, including on reform of Parliament in April 1785, but he is only known to have spoken once in debate. This occasion was in March 1793 when he defended the resolutions of the East Indian Committee. In April 1794 he was elected as the Deputy Chairman of the East India Company for the ensuing year. When Pitt's ally Henry Dundas attempted to increase his influence on the East India Company, Hunter
410-584: A year later, giving up his seat through appointment as Steward of the Manor of East Hendred on 14 June 1797. On his death in Bath in December 1802, Hunter's estate passed to his granddaughter; her husband then took the surname Hunter, although he sold the estate. Hunter was buried in a family vault in the churchyard at North Mymms . John Hunter (surgeon) John Hunter FRS (13 February 1728 – 16 October 1793)
451-469: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages John Hunter (British politician) John Hunter (1724 – 16 December 1802) was a British ' nabob ' who became wealthy as a result of trading with India, and subsequently went into politics as deputy chairman of the East India Company and as Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster . Although he had only £100 to his name when he left England, Hunter
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#1732849107403492-519: The Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons preserves his name and his collection of anatomical specimens. It still contains the illegally procured body of Charles Byrne , despite ongoing protests. It is currently no longer on display, but is still held by the Royal College of Surgeons (2024). Hunter was born at Long Calderwood to Agnes Paul (c.1685–1751) and John Hunter (1662/3–1741),
533-484: The lacteals , child development, the separateness of maternal and foetal blood supplies, and the role of the lymphatic system . He carried out the first recorded artificial insemination in 1790 on a linen draper's wife. The adductor canal in the thigh is also known by its eponym "Hunter's canal" after John Hunter. Samuel Taylor Coleridge , a key figure in Romantic thought, science, and medicine, saw in Hunter's work
574-613: The 1980 distance medley relay at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships Authors and academics [ edit ] J. A. Hunter (John Alexander Hunter, 1887–1963), white hunter in Africa, later a writer John Hunter (scientist) (born 1955), projectile researcher John Hunter (screenwriter) (born 1911), American award-winning screenwriter John E. Hunter (1939–2002), American psychologist and statistician John Hunter (classicist) (1746–1837), joint founder of
615-450: The 2.31 metres (7 feet 7 inches) Irish giant Charles Byrne against Byrne's clear deathbed wishes—he had asked to be buried at sea. Hunter bribed a member of the funeral party (possibly for £500) and filled the coffin with rocks at an overnight stop, then subsequently published a scientific description of the anatomy and skeleton. "He is now, after having being stolen on the way to his funeral," says legal scholar Thomas Muinzer of
656-471: The Army in 1763, and spent at least five years working in partnership with James Spence, a well-known London dentist. Hunter set up his own anatomy school in London in 1764 and started in private surgical practice. Hunter was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767. At this time he was considered the leading authority on venereal diseases , and believed that gonorrhoea and syphilis were caused by
697-453: The Creator, we perceive at every step the guidance, we had almost said, the inspiration, of those profound ideas concerning Life, which dawn upon us, indeed, through his written works, but which he has here presented to us in a more perfect language than that of words – the language of God himself, as uttered by Nature. That the true idea of Life existed in the mind of John Hunter I do not entertain
738-1198: The Fredonian Rebellion John McEwan Hunter (1863–1940), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly Sports [ edit ] Soccer [ edit ] John Hunter (Third Lanark footballer) (died 1881), Scottish football player John Hunter (Australian footballer) , Scottish-born Australian former footballer and coach Ian Hunter (Scottish footballer) (born John Hunter, fl. 1960s), Scottish footballer (Falkirk) John Hunter (Falkirk footballer) (fl. 1920s), Scottish footballer (Falkirk, Reading, Guildford) John Hunter (footballer, born 1878) (1878–1966), known as 'Sailor', Scottish football player and manager (Motherwell) Jock Hunter (1875–1950), Scottish footballer Others [ edit ] John Hunter (American football) , American football player John Hunter (golfer) (1871–1946), Scottish professional golfer John Hunter (rower) (born 1943), New Zealand rower Johnny Hunter (1925–1980), Australian rugby league footballer John Hunter (runner) , winner of
779-631: The Gravid Uterus Exhibited in Figures , published in 1774, Hunter provides case histories for at least four of the subjects illustrated. Hunter heavily researched blood while bloodletting patients with various diseases. This helped him develop his theory that inflammation was a bodily response to disease, and was not itself pathological. Hunter studied under William Cheselden at Chelsea Hospital and Percival Pott at St Bartholomew's Hospital . Hunter also studied with Marie Marguerite Bihéron ,
820-580: The Northern Ireland Forum John Hunter (Royal Navy officer) (1737–1821), Governor of New South Wales John Hunter (South Carolina politician) (c. 1750–1802), American politician John Hunter (Westchester County, New York) (1778–1852), New York politician John F. Hunter (1896–1957), U.S. Representative from Ohio John W. Hunter (1807–1900), US Congressman from New York Jon Blair Hunter (fl. 1990s–2000s), West Virginia politician John Dunn Hunter (1796–1827), leader of
861-465: The Royal Society of Edinburgh Physicians [ edit ] John Hunter (surgeon) (1728–1793), surgeon and anatomist John Hunter (physician) (1754–1809), physician John Irvine Hunter (1898–1924), Australian anatomist John D. Hunter (1968–2012), American neurobiologist and creator of matplotlib Others [ edit ] John A. Hunter (judge) (1833–1887), chief justice of
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#1732849107403902-854: The Supreme Court of the Utah Territory John Kelso Hunter (1802–1873), Scottish portrait painter John Hart Hunter (1807–1872), college fraternity founder John Hunter (bishop) (1897–1965), former bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman John E. L. Hunter (1897–1971), World War I fighter ace Jackie Hunter (entertainer) (John Hunter, 1903–1951), Canadian entertainer John Hunter (performer) , New Zealand female impersonator John Hunter (singer) , American singer and musician Sir John Adams Hunter , British colonial administrator John Oswald Mair Hunter, Lord Hunter , Scottish judge See also [ edit ] Jack Hunter (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
943-611: The University of Stirling, "on display permanently as a sort of freak exhibit in the memorial museum to the person who screwed him over, effectively." The skeleton was, until 2020, displayed in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons in London. In 1786, he was appointed deputy surgeon to the British Army and in March 1790, he was made surgeon general by Prime Minister William Pitt . While in this post, he instituted
984-548: The Venereal Diseases (part 6 section 2, 1786), does not indicate self-experimentation; this experiment was most likely performed on a third party. Hunter championed the treatment of gonorrhoea and syphilis with mercury and cauterization. Because of Hunter's reputation, knowledge concerning the true nature of gonorrhoea and syphilis was set back, and his theory was not proved to be wrong until 51 years later through research by French physician Philippe Ricord . In 1768, Hunter
1025-450: The biography of Hunter and other scientists who have dedicated their lives to analysing light and transparency. His Leicester Square house is said to have been the inspiration for the home of Dr Jekyll of Robert Louis Stevenson 's 1886 novel The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde . The John Hunter Clinic of the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London is named after him, as are
1066-464: The gravestone is Grade II listed. Their fourth child, Agnes, married General Sir James Campbell of Inverneill . In 1799, the government purchased Hunter's collection of papers and specimens, which it presented to the Company of Surgeons. Hunter helped to improve understanding of human teeth, bone growth and remodelling, inflammation , gunshot wounds, venereal diseases , digestion , the functioning of
1107-613: The least doubt... Hunter was the basis for the character Jack Tearguts in William Blake 's 1784 unfinished satirical novel, An Island in the Moon . He is a principal character in Hilary Mantel 's 1998 novel, The Giant, O'Brien . Hunter is mentioned by Dr Moreau in Chapter XIV of H. G. Wells 's The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896). He appears in the play Mr Foote's Other Leg (2015) as
1148-520: The list specified that Hunter was willing to pay £2,000 and possibly £3,000 for a seat. A seat was indeed found for him at Leominster where he ran in conjunction with Hon. Penn Curzon as supporters of William Pitt the Younger . This time Hunter finished at the top of the poll with 312 votes, followed by Curzon with 308, both well ahead of the Foxite Sir Gilbert Elliott on 171. Hunter was
1189-567: The nave in Westminster Abbey , reflecting his importance to the country. Hunter's character has been discussed by biographers: His nature was kindly and generous, though outwardly rude and repelling.... Later in life, for some private or personal reason, he picked a quarrel with the brother who had formed him and made a man of him, basing the dissension upon a quibble about priority unworthy of so great an investigator. Yet three years later, he lived to mourn this brother's death in tears. He
1230-462: The number of pregnant women who died in London during the years of Hunter's and Smellie's work was not particularly high for that locality and time; the prevalence of pre-eclampsia – a common condition affecting 10% of all pregnancies, and one which is easily treated today, but for which no treatment was known in Hunter's time – would more than suffice to explain a mortality rate that seems suspiciously high to 21st-century readers. In The Anatomy of
1271-405: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Hunter&oldid=1228309172 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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1312-403: The seeds of Romantic medicine , namely as regards his principle of life, which he felt had come from the mind of genius. WHEN we stand before the bust of John Hunter, or as we enter the magnificent museum furnished by his labours, and pass slowly, with meditative observation through this august temple, which the genius of one great man has raised and dedicated to the wisdom and uniform working of
1353-462: The youngest of their ten children. Three of Hunter's siblings (one of whom had also been named John) died of illness before he was born. An elder brother was William Hunter , the anatomist . As a youth, he showed little talent, and helped his brother-in-law as a cabinet-maker . When nearly 21 years old, he visited William in London, where his brother had become an admired teacher of anatomy. Hunter started as his assistant in dissections (1748), and
1394-444: Was a Scottish surgeon , one of the most distinguished scientists and surgeons of his day. He was an early advocate of careful observation and scientific methods in medicine. He was a teacher of, and collaborator with, Edward Jenner , pioneer of the smallpox vaccine. He paid for the stolen body of Charles Byrne , and proceeded to study and exhibit it against the deceased's explicit wishes. His wife, Anne Hunter ( née Home ),
1435-534: Was a poet, some of whose poems were set to music by Joseph Haydn . He learned anatomy by assisting his elder brother William with dissections in William's anatomy school in Central London, starting in 1748, and quickly became an expert in anatomy. He spent some years as an Army surgeon, worked with the dentist James Spence conducting tooth transplants , and in 1764 set up his own anatomy school in London. He built up
1476-521: Was appointed as surgeon to St George's Hospital . Later, he became a member of the Company of Surgeons . In 1776, he was appointed surgeon to King George III . In 1783, Hunter moved to a large house in Leicester Square . The space allowed him to arrange his collection of nearly 14,000 preparations of over 500 species of plants and animals into a teaching museum. The same year, he acquired the skeleton of
1517-454: Was described by one of his assistants late in his life as a man 'warm and impatient, readily provoked, and when irritated, not easily soothed'. In 1771, he married Anne Home , daughter of Robert Boyne Home and sister of Sir Everard Home . They had four children, two of whom died before the age of five. One of his infant children is buried in the churchyard in Kirkheaton, Northumberland , and
1558-504: Was generally supportive of Dundas; and also supported Dundas' nominee as Chairman of the company, David Scott, from 1796. He faced contested re-election campaigns in both 1790 and 1796 , topping the poll each time, but the 1796 election cost him more than £2,000 as he paid £5 to each of 402 voters who came to the poll. There were a further 142 voters whom he did not pay, of whom 60 supported him; they were either in debt to him, independently wealthy, or Quakers . Hunter decided to retire
1599-599: Was reckoned to be, as one of the Directors influenced by the India traders in the City of London, a supporter of Francis Baring and politically close to Richard Atkinson who was then aligned with William Pitt the Younger in politics. When the Government was preparing for the 1784 general election , Hunter's name was put by George Rose on a list of men for whom seats were to be found;
1640-569: Was said to have enjoyed "long success in trade as a free merchant in the East Indies" which gave him assets of over £100,000. In July 1777 he bought the Gobions or Gubbins Estate, near Potters Bar in Hertfordshire and served in 1780-1 as High Sheriff of Hertfordshire . At Gubbins, Hunter became interested in farming and in fattening Oxen for sale, at which he is reported to have succeeded in turning
1681-515: Was soon running the practical classes on his own. It has recently been alleged that Hunter's brother William , and his brother's former tutor William Smellie , were responsible for the deaths of many women whose corpses were used for their studies on pregnancy. Hunter is alleged to have been connected to these deaths since at the time he was acting as his brother's assistant. However, persons who have studied life in Georgian London agree that