84-763: Joseph Robert Garcia Kapp (March 19, 1938 – May 8, 2023) was an American football player, coach, and executive. He played college football as a quarterback for the California Golden Bears . Kapp played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Calgary Stampeders and the BC Lions and then in the National Football League (NFL) with the Minnesota Vikings and
168-483: A prolate spheroid with pointed ends. The international governing body for the sport is the International Federation of American Football (IFAF); although the organization plays all of its international competitions under American rules, it uses a definition of the game that is broad enough that it includes Canadian football under its umbrella, and Football Canada (the governing body for Canadian football)
252-416: A punt is when the ball is released from the punter's hand and kicked downfield as close to the opponent's end zone as possible without entering it; the kicking team loses possession of the ball after the kick and the receiving team can attempt to advance the ball or call a fair catch. The other scrimmage kick is a field goal attempt. This must be attempted by place kick or (more rarely) drop kick , and if
336-479: A 2011 Canadian Football League Alumni luncheon. The source of the bad blood between Kapp and Mosca was a hit Mosca made on Kapp's teammate Willie Fleming in the 1963 Grey Cup game. The hit, which Kapp and many others considered dirty, forced Fleming out of the game. Mosca's Tiger-Cats defeated Kapp's Lions 21–10 for the 1963 championship. In February 2016, the San Jose Mercury News reported that Kapp
420-727: A ball goes out of bounds), the actual time it takes for a football game to be completed is typically over three hours in the NFL and slightly under three hours in the CFL. According to 2017 study on brains of deceased gridiron football players, 99% of tested brains of NFL players, 88% of CFL players, 64% of semi-professional players, 91% of college football players, and 21% of high school football players had various stages of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Other common injuries include injuries of legs, arms and lower back. Jim Finks James Edward Finks (August 31, 1927 – May 8, 1994)
504-615: A game of "garbazz", described as a mix of basketball and football where the only objective is to pass the ball downfield. There are no football rules such as offsides or forward passes. In his first year as head coach in 1982 , the Golden Bears improved from 2–9 the year before to 7–4, and he was voted the Pac-10 Conference Coach of the Year. The 1982 season concluded with The Play , the famous five-lateral kickoff return by Cal to score
588-605: A knee injury against the Toronto Argonauts early in the season, but did not miss any games, because he played heavily taped. In 1961, the BC Lions , then the CFL's newest franchise, traded four starting players to the Calgary Stampeders for Kapp. The move paid off for the Lions when Kapp led the team to a Grey Cup appearance in 1963. The following season, Kapp led the Lions to their first Grey Cup victory in 1964 . However,
672-506: A liking to McGill's rugby-style rules and adopted them. In turn, they were used when Harvard and Yale University played their first intercollegiate sports game in 1875, after which the rugby-style Canadian game was adopted by Yale players and spectators from Yale and Princeton University . This version of the game was subsequently played with several other U.S. colleges over the next several years. American football teams and organizations subsequently adopted new rules which distinguished
756-409: A play in a huddle and freely substitute players to set into a formation , in which the offense must remain perfectly still for at least one second (the formation requirement does not apply to Canadian football). At least half of the players (seven in standard American and Canadian football, four in standard indoor ball) on the offense must line up on the line of scrimmage in this formation, including
840-574: A reward for his brilliant work, resigned in May 1974, reportedly because the Vikings refused to award him the stock that had been held by Van Brocklin and also because of the decision by NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle to have all team owners have offices. Finks joined the Chicago Bears as executive vice-president and general manager. Owner George Halas had made most of the football decisions himself for most of
924-492: A season. This dispute made him a free agent for the 1970 season. Despite Kapp being a Super Bowl quarterback, no team in the NFL made contact with him until after the start of the 1970 regular season, when the Boston Patriots (1–1) signed him on October 2 to a four-year contract, making him the highest paid player in the league. The Patriots gave up defensive back John Charles and a 1972 first round draft pick (which
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#17328439943331008-484: A second meeting was held and it ended with 13 votes for Finks and 13 for attorney Paul Tagliabue . At a third meeting, a compromise was reached by the two groups that would make Tagliabue Commissioner and Finks president in charge of football operations. However, Finks declined this position and Tagliabue was elected by an undisclosed number of votes. Finks died in 1994 in Metairie, Louisiana from lung cancer . Jim Finks
1092-464: A standard contract, and departed. The headlines in the Boston papers read "KAPP QUITS!". After this incident Kapp never played again; his 12-year career as a professional football player was over. Kapp started an anti-trust lawsuit vs. the NFL, claiming the standard NFL contract was unconstitutional and a restraint of trade. He won the summary judgment after four years. The court had ruled that Kapp's trade
1176-569: A successful coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL for 10 seasons. That year, Finks also brought in a new quarterback, Joe Kapp , from the CFL. Kapp had played for the Calgary Stampeders when Finks was its general manager. During the 1969 NFL championship season , Kapp passed for a record seven touchdowns against the Baltimore Colts and was a major contributor to his team's success. In 1972 , Finks made another daring trade with
1260-407: A ten-yard penalty against offensive players and a five-yard penalty against defensive ones), and pass interference (when either a receiver or the defending player pushes or blocks the other to prevent them from catching the pass). A team on offense cannot score points as the direct result of a penalty; a defensive foul committed in the team's own end zone, if the penalty is assessed from the spot of
1344-577: A wife, four children, and four grandchildren. He was one of the owners of Kapp's Pizza Bar & Grill in Mountain View, California , which contained memorabilia from his career and closed in 2015. His son, Will, followed in his footsteps as a fullback at UC Berkeley . In 2015, grandson Frank Kapp continued the Cal football tradition as a freshman tight end with the Golden Bears. Kapp and fellow Canadian Football Hall of Fame player Angelo Mosca came to blows at
1428-508: A winning season in its 19-year history. His first move was to hire a new coach, Jim Mora . Success came more quickly for Finks in New Orleans than it had in either Minnesota or Chicago. In just his second season , the Saints won 12 games for their first winning season ever. Finks was named NFL Executive of the Year for the second time. When NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle retired in 1989 , Finks
1512-535: Is 60 timed minutes in length, split into four 15-minute quarters. (High school football uses 12-minute quarters, and the general rule is that the younger the players, the shorter the quarters typically are.) Because of the halftime, quarter breaks, time-outs, the minute warnings ( two minutes before the end of a half in the NFL , three minutes in Canadian football ), and frequent stoppages of the game clock (the clock stops, for example, after every incomplete pass and any time
1596-496: Is an IFAF member. The sport is typically known as simply "football" in the countries where it originated, regardless of the specific variety. In Europe the sport is commonly known as "American football". Various sources use the term "North American football" when discussing the American and Canadian games together, but this term is quite rare. The two sports are also sometimes known as "gridiron football". The name originated with
1680-427: Is awarded one single point . If the team in possession of the ball, at any time, advances (either by carrying or catching) the ball into the opponent's end zone, it is a touchdown , and the team scores six points and a free play known as a try . In a try, a team attempts to score one or two points (rules vary by each league, but under standard rules, a field goal on a try is worth one point while another touchdown
1764-745: Is the only player to play quarterback in the Super Bowl , Rose Bowl , and the Grey Cup . Kapp was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico , to Florence García, of Mexican-American heritage, and Robert Kapp, of German descent. He was raised in California, in the San Fernando Valley and Salinas , where he played quarterback for Hart High School in Newhall , now a part of Santa Clarita . Kapp played college football at
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#17328439943331848-859: Is usually called " soccer " in Australian English . The governing body for American football in Australia is Gridiron Australia . Similarly, in the UK American football is known as American football, as "football" is used to refer to soccer . The sport developed from informal games played in North America during the 19th century. Early games had a variety of local rules and were generally similar to modern rugby union and soccer . The earliest recorded instance of gridiron football occurred at University of Toronto's University College in November 1861. Later in
1932-404: Is worth two). At the college and professional levels, the defense can also score on a try, but only on the same scale (thus a botched try the defense returns for a touchdown scores only two points and not six). Kickoffs occur after every touchdown and field goal. If a team is in its own end zone and commits a foul, is tackled with the ball, or bats, fumbles, kicks or throws the ball backward out of
2016-424: The 1965 and 1966 seasons with the Vikings, but wanted to return to Canada. The BC Lions were very interested in acquiring Young, but the Toronto Argonauts had his CFL rights. The Minnesota Vikings general manager was Jim Finks, who had brought Kapp to Canada in 1959, and their head coach was Bud Grant , who had faced Kapp while coaching the Winnipeg Blue Bombers . Both Finks and Grant thought Joe Kapp would be
2100-673: The Arena Football League 's Los Angeles Wings, but the franchise never came into existence in Los Angeles, and moved to Sacramento as the Attack. The franchise went 4–6 under Kapp, losing in the first round of the playoffs to the Detroit Drive . After the season, the franchise moved to Miami, Florida. Kapp lived in Los Gatos, California , and made himself available as a guest speaker. He had
2184-646: The Big Game , played in Berkeley. The Bears responded to the student section's pre-game chants of "Win one for the zipper" by beating the Gator Bowl -bound #16 Cardinal 17–11, which gave Kapp a 3–2 record in the Big Game. He was carried off the field by his players, amid chanting from the student section, "We want Kapp!" In an effort to recapture their past glory, the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) hired Kapp as
2268-454: The Boston Patriots . Kapp led the BC Lions to their first Grey Cup Championship victory in 1964. With the Vikings, he led them to victory in the 1969 NFL Championship Game , the only league championship in team history. Kapp returned to his alma mater as head coach of the Golden Bears from 1982 to 1986 . He was the general manager and president of the BC Lions in 1990 . Kapp is a member of
2352-810: The Canadian Football Hall of Fame , the BC Sports Hall of Fame , the BC Lions Wall of Fame , the College Football Hall of Fame , and the University of California Athletic Hall of Fame. Kapp's #22 jersey is one of eight numbers retired by the Lions. In November 2006, Kapp was voted to the Honour Roll of the CFL's top 50 players of the league's modern era by Canadian sports network TSN . Sports Illustrated once called him "The Toughest Chicano". Kapp
2436-751: The New York Giants , this time to bring back Fran Tarkenton , the quarterback he had traded in 1967. In 1973, the Vikings defeated the Dallas Cowboys for the NFC championship but lost to the Miami Dolphins 24–7 in Super Bowl VIII . It turned out to be the last game with the Vikings for Finks, who that season was named the NFL Executive of the Year. Finks, who had been named a club vice-president in 1972 as
2520-656: The University of California, Berkeley , where he led the California Golden Bears to a Pacific Coast Conference championship in 1958 and the Rose Bowl , where they lost to Iowa . This remains California's most recent Rose Bowl appearance. Kapp was named an All-American , and was also awarded the W. J. Voit Memorial Trophy in 1958 as the outstanding football player on the Pacific Coast. A two-sport athlete and fraternity member of Kappa Alpha Order in college, he also played on
2604-477: The Vikings , compiling an unusual record of 3 wins, 5 losses and 3 ties. Kapp completed only 47 percent of his pass attempts with 8 touchdowns and 17 interceptions . Kapp also scored two rushing touchdowns. Of note, the team was winless without Kapp starting at quarterback. The Green Bay Packers won the division (and the Super Bowl ). In 1968 , Kapp led Minnesota to their first ever playoff appearance, losing to
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2688-588: The basketball team and was a member of the 1956–57 and 1957–58 squads that won the Pacific Coast Conference championships. He earned a bachelor's degree in physical education from the university in 1959. Kapp held the UC Berkeley record for most rushing yards by a quarterback until Chase Garbers broke it in 2021. The Washington Redskins selected Kapp in the 18th round of the 1959 NFL draft , giving them his rights to play professional football in
2772-406: The western provinces , demanded changes to the game based on the innovations in American football. Over the years, the sport adopted more Americanized rules, though it retained some of its historical features, including a 110-yard (100 m) field, 12-player teams, and three downs instead of four. Around the same time Camp devised the rules for American football, the Canadian game would develop in
2856-594: The 1860s, teams from universities were playing each other, leading to more standardized rules and the creation of college football . While several American schools adopted rules based on the soccer rules of the English Football Association , Harvard University held to its traditional "carrying game". Meanwhile, McGill University in Montreal used rules based on rugby union . In 1874, Harvard and McGill organized two games using each other's rules. Harvard took
2940-470: The 19th century out of older games related to modern rugby football , more specifically rugby union football. Early on, American and Canadian football developed alongside (but independently from) each other; the root of the game known as "football" today originates with an 1874 game between Harvard and McGill Universities , following which the American school adopted the Canadian school's more rugby-like rules. Over time, Canadian teams adopted features of
3024-456: The American variant of the game and vice versa. Both varieties are distinguished from other football sports by their use of hard plastic helmets and shoulder pads , the forward pass , the system of downs , a number of unique rules and positions , measurement in customary units of yards (even in Canada, which largely metricated in the 1970s ), and a distinctive brown leather ball in the shape of
3108-506: The Bears until after the 1983 Draft. By the time he left the Bears he held a minor portion of the franchise, which he relinquished when he resigned. Finks contributed to one of the most dominant NFL teams of the 1980s. The 1985 Bears went over 15–1 in the regular-season and shut out both the New York Giants and Los Angeles Rams in playoff games leading to the Super Bowl. After leaving
3192-596: The Bears, Finks joined the Chicago Cubs as president and chief executive officer in September 1983. He remained through the 1984 season when the Cubs captured the 1984 National League 's Eastern Division crown. His record as GM with the Bears from 1974 to 1983 (Including 1983 because that was his last draft) was 65 wins – 80 losses On January 14, 1986, Finks took charge of a New Orleans Saints team that never had experienced
3276-428: The CFL. The Vikings managed to waive Jim Young out of the NFL, which allowed the BC Lions to sign him. The expanding New Orleans Saints wanted Young and it took some work from Finks to keep them from claiming Young. Kapp, now waived from the CFL, was free to sign with the Vikings, who had previously claimed his NFL playing rights from Washington. In 1967 , Kapp's first season in the NFL, he started 11 of 14 games for
3360-404: The Lions proved unable to defend their championship in 1965. By that time, Kapp had proved he was an elite quarterback, and also developed a reputation as a tough player and a great leader. While most quarterbacks dislike being hit, Kapp was the opposite. He loved to hit and when he took off on a run he'd try to run over defenders. Before the 1967 CFL season , Kapp made the decision to return to
3444-554: The Rose Bowl – they were Pac-10 co-champions in 2006 but a loss to USC sent them to the Holiday Bowl instead (in a 1994 interview, Kapp stated that he had resorted to drinking rum instead). Kapp had several philosophies while coaching at Cal. He called his special teams the "special forces." He told his players to play "One hundred percent for 60 minutes." He also wanted the players to have fun. On Sundays, he would have his players play
Joe Kapp - Misplaced Pages Continue
3528-488: The Stampeders into a winning team. He signed many of the players that made Calgary the winningest team in the CFL during the 1960s, though the team did not win a Grey Cup title until 1971. He also signed quarterback Joe Kapp , who would also later play under Finks in the NFL. In 1964, Finks was named the general manager of the Minnesota Vikings . In 1968 , Minnesota won its first NFL Central Division Championship, marking
3612-499: The U.S. to play pro football. The AFL's Oakland Raiders , San Diego Chargers , and Houston Oilers heavily pursued him. Kapp ended up signing with the NFL's Minnesota Vikings in a multi-player "trade" between the CFL and NFL teams, one of the very few transactions to ever occur between the two leagues. The Minnesota Vikings in 1965 had drafted running back Jim Young out of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario . He had spent
3696-560: The United States and Canada. American football , which uses 11 players, is the form played in the United States and the best known form of gridiron football worldwide, while Canadian football , which uses 12 players, predominates in Canada. Other derivative varieties include arena football , flag football and amateur games such as touch and street football . Football is played at professional , collegiate , high school , semi-professional, and amateur levels. These sports originated in
3780-417: The United States. After the draft, Washington did not contact him, so his only choice was to accept the offer from Jim Finks , the general manager of the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Kapp joined the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL for his rookie season in 1959 . The following year, Kapp led Calgary to their first playoff appearance in years. The season was a difficult one due to
3864-737: The Vikings to a 12–2 record, and a berth in Super Bowl IV after defeating the Los Angeles Rams 23–20 in the Western Conference championship game , and the Cleveland Browns 27–7 in the last non-Super Bowl NFL Championship game . However, he was unable to lead the team to victory in the Super Bowl , as the Vikings lost 23–7 to the Kansas City Chiefs . On July 20, 1970, Sports Illustrated dubbed Kapp "The Toughest Chicano " on
3948-415: The ball carrier at any time the ball is in play, provided they do not grab the face mask of the helmet or make helmet-to-helmet contact when doing so. At any time, the player with the ball can attempt a backward, or lateral, pass to any other player in order to keep the ball in play; this is generally rare. Any player on defense can, at any time, attempt to intercept a forward pass in flight, at which point
4032-405: The ball carrier is tackled, or, if the ball is kicked out of bounds , let the ball go dead on its own (the last case usually happens when the ball is kicked all the way into or through the opponent's end zone, resulting in a touchback and the ball being brought several yards out of the end zone to begin play). A kicking team can, under special circumstances, attempt to recover its own kick , but
4116-401: The best replacement for Fran Tarkenton , who had been traded to the New York Giants . To make this transaction possible, the BC Lions traded all-star defensive lineman Dick Fouts , and future Canadian Football Hall of Fame running back Bill Symons to Toronto for the CFL rights to future Canadian Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Jim Young . They then managed to get Kapp waived out of
4200-568: The character roles were minor. Programs included Ironside , The Six Million Dollar Man , Adam-12 , Emergency! , Police Woman , Captains and the Kings , and Medical Center . Movies included Climb An Angry Mountain (1972), The World's Greatest Athlete (1973), The Longest Yard (1974), Breakheart Pass (1975), Two-Minute Warning (1976), Smash-Up on Interstate 5 (1976), Semi-Tough (1977), The Frisco Kid (1979), and Off Sides (Pigs vs. Freaks) (1984). In 1982, Kapp
4284-416: The cover of its weekly magazine. He received the team MVP, but refused the team MVP award, saying, "There is no one most valuable Viking. There are 40 most valuable Vikings." Prior to the 1969 season, the Vikings had exercised the option clause of his contract, so Kapp had played the entire season without a new contract. It was unusual for teams to use the team's option and not to offer a new contract prior to
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#17328439943334368-399: The end of a quarter.) After the halftime break, a new kickoff occurs. Whichever team has more points at the end of the game is declared the winner; in the event of a tie, each league has its own rules for overtime to break the tie. Because of the nature of the game, pure sudden-death overtimes have been abolished at all levels of the game as of 2012. At all adult levels of the game, a game
4452-553: The favored Baltimore Colts , 24–14. The Colts were upset a few weeks later by the New York Jets in Super Bowl III . Early in the 1969 season , Kapp tied an all-time record when he threw for seven touchdown passes against the defending NFL champion Colts on September 28 . He is tied with seven other players ( Sid Luckman , Adrian Burk , George Blanda , Y. A. Tittle , Nick Foles , Peyton Manning , and Drew Brees ). Kapp led
4536-433: The field of play through the same end zone, the defense scores a safety , worth two points. After a try, safety or field goal, the team that had possession of the ball goes back to the middle of the field and kicks the ball off to their opponent, and play continues as it did in the beginning of the game. Play continues until halftime . (Each team switches their side of the field with the other halfway through each half, at
4620-405: The foul, places the ball at the one-yard line. In contrast, a defensive team can score points as a direct result of a penalty; if the offense commits a foul under the same scenario, the defensive team receives two points and a free kick. In all other circumstances (except for the open-ended and extremely rare unfair act clause), a penalty cannot exceed more than half the distance to the end zone. If
4704-445: The game from rugby. Many of these early innovations were the work of Walter Camp , including the sport's line of scrimmage and the system of downs . Another consequential change was the adoption of the forward pass in 1906, which allowed the quarterback to throw the ball forward over the line of scrimmage to a receiver. Canadian football remained akin to rugby for decades, though a progressive faction of players, chiefly based in
4788-405: The kicked ball passes through the goal set at the edge of the opponent's end zone, the team scores three points. (Four-point field goals have been offered in a few variations of the game under special rules, but the NFL, college and high school football only offer three-point field goals.) In Canada, any kick that goes into the end zone and is not returned, whether it be a punt or a missed field goal,
4872-447: The line), who must catch the ball before it touches the ground. The play stops when a player with the ball touches any part of their body other than hand or foot to the ground, runs out of the boundaries of the field, is obstructed from making further forward progress, or a forward pass hits the ground without being caught (in the last case, the ball returns to the spot it was snapped). To stop play, players on defense are allowed to tackle
4956-425: The opponent. Whether this yardage is measured from the original spot of the ball before the play, the spot of the illegal action, or the end of the play depends on the individual foul. The most common penalties include false start (when an offensive player jumps to begin the play before the ball is snapped, a five-yard penalty), holding (the grabbing of a player other than the ball carrier to obstruct their progress;
5040-464: The penalty would be less advantageous than the result of the actual play, then the team not committing the penalty can decline it. In order to keep play moving, the offense must make a certain amount of progress (10 yards in most leagues) within a certain number of plays (3 in Canada, 4 in the United States), called downs . If the offense does indeed make this progress, a first down is achieved, and
5124-472: The previous play, and a play clock is kept to enforce the measure.) Once the ball is snapped, the play has commenced, and the offense's goal is to continue advancing the ball toward their opponent's end zone . This can be done either by running with the ball or by a rule unique to football known as the forward pass . In a forward pass, a player from behind the line of scrimmage throws the ball to an eligible receiver (another back or one player on each end of
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#17328439943335208-407: The rules of the game make it very difficult to do so reliably, and so this tactic is usually only used as a surprise or desperation maneuver. At this point, play from scrimmage begins. The team in possession of the ball is on offense and the opponent is on defense . The offense is given a set amount of time (up to forty seconds, depending on the governing body), during which the teams can set up
5292-621: The same formula he used so well in Minnesota to improve the Bears' talent pool. The Bears under Finks improved. By 1977 , they reached the playoffs for the first time since 1963. They were a playoff team again in 1979 with a 10–6 record, best-ever for the Finks-led Bears. But Finks' tenure in Chicago ended suddenly in 1982 when he resigned because Halas did not consult him in the hiring of Mike Ditka as head coach. However, he did stay with
5376-468: The same way (but separately) from the American game; the Burnside rules were instrumental in establishing many of the rules for the modern game. The best NFL players are among the highest paid athletes in the world. This is a minimal description of the game in general, with elements common to all or almost all variants of the game. For more specific rules, see each code's individual articles. Prior to
5460-414: The snapper, who handles the ball before play commences; the rest can (and almost always do) line up behind the line. Neither the offense nor the defense can cross the line of scrimmage before the play commences. Once the formation is set, the snapper snaps the ball to one of the players behind him. (A snapper must snap the ball within 20 to 25 seconds of the official setting the ball back into position after
5544-410: The sport's once-characteristic playing field : the original American football and Canadian football fields were marked by a series of parallel lines along both the width and length of the field, which produced a grid pattern resembling a cross-hatched cooking gridiron . The ball would be snapped in the grid in which it was downed on the previous play. By 1920, the grid system was abandoned in favor of
5628-530: The start of a dynasty that produced 11 division championship teams and four Super Bowl appearances in the following 14 years. In 1969 , the Vikings won 12 of 14 games and claimed the NFL championship before losing to the American Football League 's Kansas City Chiefs 23–7 in Super Bowl IV . The Vikings team that Finks put together was powered by a dynamic defensive front four, popularly known as The " Purple People Eaters ". The first member of
5712-405: The start of a game, a coin toss determines which team will decide if they want to kick off the ball to their opponent, or receive the ball from their opponent. Each team lines up on opposite halves of the field, with a minimum ten yards of space between them for the kickoff. The team receiving the ball can make a fair catch (which stops the play immediately), catch the ball and run it back until
5796-446: The system of yard lines and hash marks used today. The International Federation of American Football (IFAF), uses "American football" inclusive of Canadian football and other varieties. In Australia, American football is often referred to as "gridiron" or (in more formal contexts) "American football", as " football " usually refers to Australian rules football , rugby league or rugby union , similar to how association football
5880-418: The team gains possession; they can also gain possession by recovering a fumble or stripping the ball away from the ball carrier (a "forced fumble"). A typical play can last between five and twenty seconds. If any illegal action happens during the play, then the results of the previous play are erased and a penalty is assessed, forcing the offending team to surrender between five and fifteen yards of field to
5964-456: The team gets 3 or 4 more plays to achieve another 10 yards. If not, the offense loses possession to their opponent at the spot where the ball is. More commonly, however, the team on offense will, if they have a minimal chance of gaining a first down and have only one play left to do it ( fourth down in the U.S., third down in Canada), attempt a scrimmage kick . There are two types of scrimmage kick:
6048-399: The team's new general manager in 1990 . Kapp's tenure was marked by his tendency to recruit ex-NFL players such as Mark Gastineau whose best football days had passed. Kapp was fired eleven games into the Lions' schedule; his most valuable legacy was the signing of quarterback Doug Flutie , who would blossom into a star in the CFL during the 1990s. In 1992, Kapp was named the head coach of
6132-457: The time since joining the team in 1920 (when it was the Decatur Staleys), even after buying the team in 1921 and overseeing its move to Chicago. However, he finally saw the need to modernize and gave Finks complete control of football operations. Finks spent the 1974 season studying the Bears player talent as well as opposition players from all around the NFL. The next year, he began employing
6216-515: The unit, defensive end Jim Marshall , came to the Vikings in a 1961 trade before Finks arrived. In 1964 , the new general manager added two potential stars to the line: end Carl Eller as a first-round pick in the NFL Draft , and tackle Gary Larsen in a trade. He completed "The Purple People Eaters" in 1967 by picking Alan Page in the draft . In 1967 , Norm Van Brocklin resigned as head coach and Finks immediately hired Bud Grant , who had been
6300-456: The winning touchdown on the final play of the Big Game against archrival Stanford . During the 1986 season , the Bears lost to Boston College , defeated Washington State , then lost to San Jose State . Following an embarrassing 50–18 loss at Washington on October 4, Kapp expressed frustration unzipping his pants in front of the Seattle media. He was notified that he would be released after
6384-584: The year ended, Rozelle demanded that Kapp sign a standard player contract. After conferring with his lawyer and the NFL Players Association , Kapp refused to sign. With the top pick in the 1971 NFL draft , the Patriots selected quarterback Jim Plunkett of Stanford , the winner of the Heisman Trophy . Kapp reported to the newly renamed New England Patriots ' training camp in 1971 , refused to sign
6468-562: Was also drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in 1948 to play catcher and accepted that position before moving to the Pittsburgh Steelers to play football. Finks served as an assistant coach under Terry Brennan at the University of Notre Dame in 1956, after which he went on to the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League , where he served as a player/coach before becoming the general manager on October 31, 1957. Finks turned
6552-558: Was an American professional football player, coach, and executive. Finks was born in St. Louis, Missouri , attended high school in Salem, Illinois , and attended college at the University of Tulsa . After being selected as a 12th-round pick of the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1949 NFL draft , he played for several years as a defensive back and quarterback , retiring after the 1955 season. He
6636-402: Was hired as the head football coach at his alma mater, the University of California, Berkeley . He had never coached before. In December 1981, Kapp made a promise to the football team that he would not consume any of his favorite alcoholic beverage, tequila , until the Golden Bears reached the Rose Bowl , which they did not under Kapp; indeed, as of 2023, the Golden Bears have yet to return to
6720-545: Was indeed restrained. It was two years later (April 1, 1976) in the trial for damages, that the jury decided that Kapp was not damaged. Although Kapp was not awarded any damages, in 1977 the rules at issue in the Kapp case were later revised, a new system was instituted, and a multimillion-dollar settlement was made between the NFL and the NFL Players Association . In the 1970s and early 1980s, Kapp appeared in several television programs as well as theatrical film titles. In most cases,
6804-593: Was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1995. Finks enshrinement was based substantially on achievements with the Minnesota Vikings, Chicago Bears and New Orleans Saints franchises. He had also previously built the Vikings and Bears into Super Bowl teams—and the Saints became winners for the first time in franchise history. His longest tenure was spent with the Minnesota Vikings. His son Jim Finks Jr. authored
6888-498: Was suffering from Alzheimer's disease . He died from complications of the disease at a care facility in San Jose, California , on May 8, 2023, at age 85. # denotes interim general manager Gridiron football Gridiron football ( / ˈ ɡ r ɪ d aɪ . ər n / GRID -eye-ərn ), also known as North American football, or in North America as simply football , is a family of football team sports primarily played in
6972-433: Was the leading candidate to replace him. He was the only candidate put forward for the job by a six-owner search committee ( Wellington Mara , Lamar Hunt , Art Modell , Robert Parins , Dan Rooney , and Ralph Wilson ). However, a group of 11 newer owners who wanted more of a voice in the selection process abstained from voting, preventing Finks from receiving the 19 votes necessary to become Commissioner. Six months later,
7056-404: Was used to select linebacker Jeff Siemon ) as compensation to the Vikings. His first appearance for Boston was on October 11 at Kansas City , relieving starter Mike Taliaferro in the third quarter of a 23–10 loss. The Patriots of 1970 were a poor-performing team and the late-arriving Kapp played poorly himself that season, leading the team to the 26-team league's worst record at 2–12. When
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