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28-865: The first written mention of Jizera (as Gizera ) is from the 13th century. The origin of the name is most likely Celtic and is derived from the verbal root -eis, -ois, -is , meaning "to flow briskly". It has the same etymology as the Isar in Germany, the Yser/IJzer in Belgium and France, the Isère in France and probably the Aire in England. The Jizera originates in the Jizera Mountains . Two sources of

56-603: A substantial part of the Bavarian Alps and parts of the Karwendel mountains. Apart from the larger tributaries Loisach and Amper many smaller rivers flow into the Isar. The drainage basin contains some 9,000 square kilometers (roughly 3,500 square miles). During the winter most of the precipitation in the Alps turns into snow . The snowmelt can result in an increased water flow down

84-558: Is allowed to remain in the river Isar to prevent drought . The construction of the Sylvenstein Dam and numerous regulations relating to the river, pushed through in the early 19th century, have strongly enhanced its character. The construction of the Sylvenstein dam has prevented the river from overflowing its banks . Lately, there have been attempts to bring the Isar river closer back to a natural character. For example, since May 2000

112-680: Is among the longest rivers in Bavaria. It is Germany's second most important tributary of the Danube. One theory is that the name Isar stems from *es or *is in the Indo-European languages , meaning "flowing water", and later turned into a word with a meaning narrowed to frozen water (hence English ice , German : Eis ) in Proto-Germanic . The name itself is mentioned for the first time in 763 as Isura . Related names include: The Isar river drains

140-761: Is in the Czech Republic. The longest tributaries of the Jizera are: A notable tributary is also the Mumlava River, which has an average discharge near the estuary at 2.05 m³/s. The largest settlement on the river is the city of Mladá Boleslav . The river flows past Kořenov , Rokytnice nad Jizerou , Jablonec nad Jizerou , Semily , Železný Brod , Malá Skála , Turnov , Mnichovo Hradiště , Bakov nad Jizerou , Mladá Boleslav, Benátky nad Jizerou , Předměřice nad Labem , Tuřice , Nový Vestec , Káraný and Lázně Toušeň . There are no reservoirs or fishponds built directly on

168-478: Is one of the cleanest rivers in the country and there is a high density of fish, which is why it is popular for fishing. The upper and middle courses are mainly inhabited by brown trout and grayling . Jizera is a resource of drinking water for the city of Prague and the central part of the Central Bohemian Region. It supplies Prague with drinking water from approximately one third of the total need,

196-709: The Birkkarspitze mountain. The Isar enters Upper Bavaria after ca. 22 km just north of Scharnitz , the Isar is dammed for the first time between Mittenwald and Krün . Some of the Isar waters are channeled via the Rißbach into the Walchensee , the Rißbach flow direction having been reversed. The Isar water flows into the giant downpipes of the Walchensee Hydroelectric Power Station . 200 metres lower,

224-465: The Czech Republic . It has about 7,900 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone . The town is made up of the town parts of Benátky nad Jizerou I–III and the villages of Dražice and Kbel. Benátky nad Jizerou is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Mladá Boleslav and 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Prague . It lies in

252-560: The Jizera Table . The highest point is the hill Benátecký vrch at 251 m (823 ft) above sea level. The Jizera River flows through the town. The first written mention of the village of Obodř (today part of Benátky nad Jizerou III) is from 1052. In 1264, the Dražice Castle was founded. In 1346 Lord Jan of Dražice obtained permission to establish a town on a nearby hill. The town was named Nové Benátky (lit. "New Venice "). In 1349,

280-635: The Munich gravel plain which ends within the city limits of Munich. Further downstream the river passes Freising , then the Amper flows into the Isar, its most important tributary, at Moosburg . This is where the lower course of the Isar river begins. Passing Landshut , the river makes its way through the Tertiary Hills of Lower Bavaria all the way into the Danube river. The Isar river descends some 848m to flow into

308-441: The Danube, about five kilometres away from Deggendorf . Among Central European habitats, Alpine rivers are ranked among those most substantially altered by humans over the past hundred years. The Isar Rivers are now protected from development. At the lower Isar between Moosburg and Plattling gold was washed from the river's sediments during the 16th and 17th century. However, there was no big economic revenue in this due to

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336-508: The Isar rivers during the spring meltdown. It has an average discharge at the mouth of 174 m /s. The official source of the Isar is located in the Hinterau valley east of the village Scharnitz in the Karwendel mountains at a height above sea level of 1160m. The Lavatschbach is the Isar's longest headstream. A further source for the young Isar is the Birkkarbach, which has its sources in

364-490: The Isar, as were those of Hermann Göring who had committed suicide the previous night in defiance of his scheduled execution. In the 1940s and 1950s the federal state of Bavaria financed the construction of major hydroelectric power plants, the Sylvenstein reservoir on the Isar was constructed between 1954 and 1959. From 2000 till 2011 the Isarplan was implemented to reduce the risk of flooding. The planning and implementation

392-500: The Jizera", it is 167.0 km (103.8 mi) long, making it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic . Considering the "Polish spring of the Jizera", it is 167.5 km (104.1 mi) long, of which 1.4 km (0.9 mi) is in Poland. The Czech-Polish border is formed by 17 km (11 mi) of the river. Its drainage basin has an area of 2,193.4 km (846.9 sq mi), of which 2,145.2 km (828.3 sq mi)

420-699: The Jizera. The largest body of water in the basin area is the Josefův Důl Reservoir with an area of 131 ha (320 acres), built on the Kamenice . There are 1,350 bodies of water in the basin area. There are many species of molluscs in the river. Among the most endangered species are Cochlodina dubiosa corcontica , Daudebardia brevipes , Planorbis carinatus , Clausilia cruciata , Euconulus praticola , Pseudotrichia rubiginosa , Ruthenica filograna , Semilimax kotulae , Vertigo alpestris , Vertigo antivertigo and Vitrea subrimata . Jizera

448-540: The Walchensee Hydroelectric Power Station releases water into the Kochelsee . From here it flows into the river Loisach, Isar's second most important tributary. Not far down the Isar river is a large reservoir called Sylvensteinsee was created between 1954 and 1959 to make more energy generation possible and also to avoid flooding. It is located some 12 km south of Lenggries . It has prevented

476-615: The beauty of the Isar valley Gabriel von Seidl founded the Isartalverein in 1902. This first civil initiative from Munich purchased 90 ha of land, and today maintains more than 330 km of hiking trails. Ben%C3%A1tky nad Jizerou Benátky nad Jizerou ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɛnaːtkɪ nad ˈjɪzɛrou] ; German : Benatek ) is a town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of

504-571: The entire river there are sections of all difficulties. Isar The Isar ( pronounced [ˈiːzaʁ] ) is a river in Austria and in Bavaria , Germany . Its source is in the Karwendel mountain range of the Alps . The Isar river enters Germany near Mittenwald and flows through Bad Tölz , Munich , and Landshut before reaching the Danube near Deggendorf . With 295 km length, it

532-448: The flooding of Munich , for example in 1979, 1999, and most recently in 2005. At Bad Tölz the Isar leaves the Bavarian Alps . Bad Tölz marks the river's transit from its upper to its middle course. The Isar river flows through a sub-alpine, glacial morainic landscape towards Wolfratshausen . Just north of the town the Loisach flows into the Isar. The Isar continues on to and through

560-491: The local fauna and flora. To provide the 28 hydroelectric power plants with enough water power the river's water is diverted several times and almost the whole river was canalized . For example, just north of Mittenwald all the river's water was diverted to the lake Walchensee in 1923 for the Walchensee hydroelectric plant. Since 1990 a small portion of the water, 4 cubic meters per second (roughly 1,100 U.S. gallons per second)

588-627: The minor amounts of the metal found in the river. Industrialization gave rise to a sociotechnical system were the Isar River was economically exploited through multifunctional use. Over forty hydropower plants were built on the Isar to electrify Bavaria. Following their executions on October 16, 1946, the ashes of the convicted Nazi war criminals Joachim von Ribbentrop , Hans Frank , Wilhelm Keitel , Alfred Jodl , Alfred Rosenberg , Ernst Kaltenbrunner , Wilhelm Frick , Arthur Seyss-Inquart , Fritz Sauckel , and Julius Streicher were scattered in

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616-634: The monastery and the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary were built. The village of Dražice is known for the manufacturer of water heaters DZ Dražice. It is the biggest company of its focus in the country, known throughout Europe. The company was founded in 1900, originally as grain warehouse, craft roller mill and bakery, later also a hydroelectric power plant. The water heaters are produced since 1956. The D10 motorway from Prague to Turnov passes through

644-421: The recreational area within the city of Munich . The municipal wastewater treatment has also been upgraded along the river. The water pollution , however, is still relatively high. Together with other cities and communities along the river Isar, Munich has set a goal to reduce the number of germs. The sewer treatment plants on the upper river are now disinfecting the raw sewage with ultraviolet . To preserve

672-411: The rest of Prague's need is covered by water from the Švihov Reservoir . From Benátky nad Jizerou to its on-flow, the Jizera is surrounded by bank infiltration system, and in the municipality of Sojovice the water is being pumped for artificial infiltration. The Jizera is suitable for river tourism . Due to its mountainous character, the upper course is popular among experienced paddlers, but within

700-461: The river are defined. The first spring (so-called "Czech spring of the Jizera") is located on the slopes of Mt. Smrk in the territory of Lázně Libverda on the Czech side of the border at the elevation of 984 m (3,228 ft) and for centuries it was considered the only source of the Jizera. In the 1990s, the so-called "Polish spring of the Jizera" was determined (on the slopes of Mt. Stóg Izerski in

728-410: The river is being re-naturalized in the southern part of the river's passage through the city of Munich. The riverbed is being widened, the banks are flattened and small gravel islands are built along with near-natural rock ramps to slow the waterflow. Besides an improved protection against flooding the Isar river was, thus, brought into an almost natural state and this resulted in an improved quality of

756-502: The territory of Gmina Mirsk on the Polish side at the elevation of 1,035 m (3,396 ft)), as the source of a headwater that is longer and more substantial than the Czech one, but historically it was a separate stream with a different name. The Jizera flows to Lázně Toušeň , where it enters the Elbe River at the elevation of 169 m (554 ft). Considering the "Czech spring of

784-474: Was the responsibility of the Regional Office for Water Management and the city of Munich . Embankments were removed and the river bed was widened, establishing connections to surrounding flood plains. Riverbed rock ramps were constructed so that fish can move upstream again. Since the 1920s the water of the river Isar has been used for the generation of electricity. This has had far-reaching consequences for

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