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39-1571: Jintang is bordered by the prefecture -level cities of Deyang to the north and east and Jianyang to the south. In the 19th century, Jintang County was regarded as producing the best tobacco in Sichuan after nearby Pidu District . Jintang is subdivided in 6 subdistricts and 10 towns: Subdistricts Towns This Sichuan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Prefecture (China) Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present Prefectures are one of four types of prefecture-level divisions in China ,

78-840: A member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CCP except during transition periods, being at least its 4th-ranking member. The chairman is assisted by several vice chairpersons and a secretary-general , who heads the National Committee's General Office; together, they make up the Chairperson's Council, which handles the day-to-day affairs of the Standing Committee and convences its sessions on an average of at least one committee session per month. The Council meetings coordinate work reports, review united front work, identify

117-549: A new Political Consultative Conference to discuss a new state and new coalition government. In 1949, with the CCP having gained control of most of mainland China , they organized a "new" Political Consultative Conference in September, inviting delegates from various friendly parties to attend and discuss the establishment of a new state. This conference was then renamed the People's Political Consultative Conference. On 29 September 1949,

156-566: A wide range of deputies from the relevant sectors forming its membership. The CPPCC National Committee currently has 10 Special Committees organized similarly to that of the Standing Committee: The People’s Political Consultative Daily (人民政协报) is the official newspaper of the National Committee of the CPPCC. In addition to the main National Committee, the CPPCC contains numerous regional committees at

195-570: Is Chairman of the Standing Committee ex officio . The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference contains several Special Committees, which are headed by the Standing Committee. The Special Committees generally have around sixty individual members, including a chairperson and ten or more vice chairs. Like the main Conference, the Special Committees include

234-545: Is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s united front system. Its members advise and put proposals for political and social issues to government bodies. However, the CPPCC is a body without real legislative power. While consultation does take place, it is supervised and directed by the CCP. The body traditionally consists of delegates from

273-406: Is an administrative branch office with the rank of a national ministerial department ( 司级 ) and dispatched by the higher-level provincial government. The leader of the prefecture government, titled as prefectural administrative commissioner ( 行政公署专员 ; xíngzhèng gōngshǔ zhūanyūan ), is appointed by the provincial government. Instead of local people's congresses, the prefecture's working commission of

312-660: The Han dynasty , and were abolished only with the establishment of the Republic of China . Zhou is generally translated as "province" or "region" for the period before the Sui dynasty , and "prefecture" for the period from the Sui dynasty onwards. The People's Republic of China has revived the word zhou as part of the term "zizhizhou" ( 自治州 ), which is translated as "autonomous prefectures", as described above. Fu ( 府 ) were first established during

351-594: The Sanxia (Three Gorges) Dam were revived by the CCP during the emphasis on the Four Modernizations during the early period of Reform and Opening Up , the CPPCC became a center of opposition to the project. It convened panels of experts who recommended delaying the project. The CPPCC is the highest-ranking body in the united front system. It is the "peak united front forum, bringing together CCP officials and Chinese elites." According to Sinologist Peter Mattis,

390-489: The Warring States period , and have existed continuously ever since. Today, they continue to form an important part of the political divisions of China. Xian has been translated using several English language terms. In the context of ancient history, "district" and "prefecture" are the most commonly used terms, while "county" is generally used for more contemporary contexts. Zhou ( 州 ) were first established during

429-435: The fu . Prefectures are administrative subdivisions of provincial-level divisions . The constitution of the People's Republic of China does not endorse any prefecture-level division, except for autonomous prefectures. Prefectures and leagues are not at all mentioned; provinces are explicitly stated to be divided directly into counties. The administrative commission ( Chinese : 行政公署 ; pinyin : xíngzhèng gōngshǔ )

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468-440: The provincial , prefecture , and county level. According to an old post in CPPCC's website, there were 3,164 local CPPCC committees at every level by the end of 2006, containing around 615,164 deputies elected in like manner as the National Committee. Like the National Committee, the regional committees serve for five year terms, have a chairperson, vice chairpersons and a secretary-general, convene plenary sessions at least once

507-568: The CCP and China." The CPPCC includes delegates from the CCP and its people's organizations , eight legally permitted political parties subservient to the CCP, as well as nominally independent members. The party's Organization Department is responsible for the nomination of prospective deputies who are CCP members. The CPPCC provides a "seat" for the non-communist parties and so-called "patriotic democrats." The CPPCC also reserves seats for overseas delegates, as well as delegates from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. Non-communist party members of

546-505: The CCP and its people's organizations , eight legally permitted political parties subservient to the CCP, as well as nominally independent members. The CPPCC is chaired by a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CCP . In keeping with the united front strategy, prominent non-CCP members have been included among the Vice Chairs , examples being Chen Shutong , Li Jishen and Soong Ching-ling . The organizational hierarchy of

585-509: The CPPCC are nominated by the party's United Front Work Department for appointment or election to the Conferfence. The conception of the non-communist parties as part of a coalition rather than an opposition is expressed in the PRC's constitutional principle of "political consultation and multiparty cooperation." In principle, the CCP is obliged to consult the others on all major policy issues. In

624-501: The CPPCC consists of a National Committee and regional committees. Regional committees extend to the provincial , prefecture , and county level. According to the charter of the CPPCC, the relationship between the National Committee and the regional committees is one of guidance and not direct leadership. However, an indirect leadership exists via the United Front Work Department at each level. The National Committee of

663-415: The CPPCC is "the one place where all the relevant actors inside and outside the party come together: party elders, intelligence officers, diplomats, propagandists, soldiers and political commissars, united front workers, academics, and businesspeople." In practice, the CPPCC serves as "the place where messages are developed and distributed among party members and the non-party faithful who shape perceptions of

702-518: The CPPCC is a branch of the provincial committee of the CPPCC, not an individual society entity. The same is valid for provincial CPPCCs, which are formally sections of the national CPPCC. The term "prefecture" derives from the former circuit , which was a level between provinces and the counties during the Qing dynasty . In 1928, the government of the Republic of China abolished circuits and provinces began to administer counties directly; however, this reform

741-551: The CPPCC nationally and is made up of deputies coming from various sectors of society. Deputies/Senators of the National Committee are elected for five year terms, though this can be extended in exceptional circumstances by a two-thirds majority vote by all deputies of the Standing Committee. The National Committee holds plenary sessions annually, though a session can be called by the National Committee's Standing Committee if necessary. The plenary sessions are generally held in March, around

780-531: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference typically holds a yearly meeting at the same time as plenary sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC). The CPPCC National Committee and NPC plenary sessions are collectively called the Quanguo Lianghui ("National Two Sessions"). The CPPCC is intended to be more representative of a broader range of people than is typical of government office in

819-495: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference unanimously adopted the Common Program as the basic political program for the country. The conference approved the new national anthem, flag, capital city, and state name, and elected the first government of the People's Republic of China. From 1949 to 1954, the conference became the de facto legislature of the PRC. During this period, it issued nearly 3,500 laws, laying

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858-463: The Chinese people". It continues that the CPPCC is neither a body of state power nor a policymaking organ, but a platform for "various political parties, people's organizations, and people of all ethnic groups and from all sectors of society" to participate in state affairs. As a united front organ, the CPPCC works together with the CCP's United Front Work Department. According to Mattis, the CPPCC gathers

897-523: The NC-CPPCC are as follows: The Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference performs the duties of the CPPCC in between plenary sessions of the National Committee. It is responsible for all actions taken by the whole of the National Committee of the Conference or by individual deputies of it. According to the bylaw, the Chairman of the National Committee

936-419: The People's Republic of China, including a broad range of people from both inside and outside the CCP. The composition of the members of the CPPCC changes over time according to national strategic priorities. Previously dominated by senior figures in real-estate, state-owned enterprises , and " princelings ", the CPPCC in 2018 was primarily composed of individuals from China's technology sector. The origins of

975-586: The Republic of China , who organized the first Political Consultative Assembly from 10 to 31 January 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, CCP, Chinese Youth Party , and China Democratic League , as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing . After major successes in the civil war, the CCP, on 1 May 1948, invited the other political parties, popular organizations and community leaders to form

1014-794: The Tang dynasty, and were also abolished with the establishment of the Republic of China. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the term was mainly applied to prefectures with major urban centers. For this period, it is often translated as "urban prefecture" or "superior prefecture". Later, however, most first-level prefectures under provinces would become known as fu . Chinese People%27s Political Consultative Conference   People's organizations (313)   Representatives of various groups (1076)   People's organizations (30)   Representatives of various groups (67)   Specially invited people (33) The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC )

1053-440: The beginning of economic reforms , the CPPCC increasingly focused on accommodating Hong Kong and Macau elites and attracting investment from overseas Chinese communities. A new "Economy Sector" was created inside the CPPCC in 1993, and the 1990s saw an increase in the number of business-oriented CPPCC members, many of whom saw the CPPCC as a way to network and communicate with officials in the party-state apparatus. When plans for

1092-653: The conference date prior to the existence of the People's Republic of China . During negotiations between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang in 1945, the two parties agreed to open multiparty talks on post- World War II political reforms via a Political Consultative Conference . This was included in the Double Tenth Agreement . This agreement was implemented by the National Government of

1131-508: The early 2000s, CPPCC members frequently petitioned the CCP Central Committee regarding socioeconomic, health, and environmental issues. "The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, a broadly based representative organization of the united front which has played a significant historical role, will play a still more important role in the country’s political and social life, in promoting friendship with other countries and in

1170-586: The foundations of the newly established PRC. In 1954, the Constitution transferred legislative functions to the National People's Congress. During the Hundred Flowers Campaign between 1956 and 1957, Mao Zedong encouraged members of the CPPCC to speak about the shortcomings of the CCP. However, those who did faced severe repercussions such as heavy criticism and or incarceration in labor camps in

1209-560: The issues to focus and highlight important ideological directions of the CCP. It also presides over the preparatory meeting of the first plenary session of the next National Committee. The CCP and the aligned minor parties are assigned deputies in the National Committee. Besides political parties, the NC-CPPCC has also deputies from various sectors of society in its ranks. Members include scientists, academics, writers, artists, retired government officials, and entrepreneurs, among other sectors. The parties and groups with elected deputies to

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1248-463: The regular affairs of the body, and adopts resolutions on the National Committee's "major working principles and tasks". The Standing Committee is responsible for selecting deputies to the Conference, implementing the CPPCC's resolutions, and interpreting its official charter. The National Committee is led by a chairman , currently Wang Huning , one of the highest-ranking offices in the country; since its establishment, all CPPCC chairpersons have been

1287-569: The same date as the annual session of the National People's Congress ; together, these meetings are termed as the Two Sessions . During the Two Sessions, the CPPCC and the NPC hear and discuss reports from the premier, the prosecutor general, and the chief justice. Every CPPCC plenary session makes amendments to the CPPCC charter, elects on every first plenary session the Standing Committee, which handles

1326-460: The second-level administrative division in the country. While at one time prefectures were the most common prefecture-level division, they are in the process of being abolished and only seven formally-designated prefectures remain. The term "prefecture" is also used as a translation of three unrelated types of administrative divisions that were historically in use in China: the xian , the zhou , and

1365-477: The society's elite, while the UFWD "implements policy and handles the nuts and bolts of united front work". The UFWD oversees the people's organizations' deputies which constitute the membership of the CPPCC and handles any nomination work for any potential deputies to be elected. The National Committee of CPPCC ( 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 , shortened 全国政协 ; 'National PCC') is the national level organization that represents

1404-463: The standing committee of the provincial people's congress is dispatched and supervises the prefecture governments but can not elect or dismiss prefecture governments. The prefecture's working committee of the provincial committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPCC) is a part of the prefecture's committee of the CPPCC. This means that the prefecture's working committee of

1443-484: The struggle for socialist modernization and for the reunification and unity of the country. The system of the multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China will exist and develop for a long time to come." —Preamble of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China According to state media Xinhua News Agency , it is an "organization in the patriotic united front of

1482-546: The subsequent Anti-Rightist Campaign . Along with most other institutions, the CPPCC was effectively decimated during the Cultural Revolution . It was revived during the First Session of its 5th National Committee between 24 February to 8 March 1974, during which Deng Xiaoping was elected as its chairman. New rules for the CPPCC were issued in 1983, which limited the proportion of CCP members to 40 percent. Since

1521-482: Was soon found unfeasible because some provinces had hundreds of counties. Consequently, in 1932, provinces were again subdivided into several prefectures, and regional administrative offices were set up. In general the word "prefecture" is applied to xian for the period before the Sui and Tang dynasties; for the period after, xian are called "districts" or "counties", while "prefectures" refer to zhou and fu . Xian ( 县 / 縣 ) were first established during

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