Misplaced Pages

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47-595: Already at the end of the 1930s, the ZIS-5 truck (ЗИС-5) was to be replaced by a modern design. Since the Soviet automobile industry had gained experience with US designs through the licensed production of the Ford AA as GAZ-AA , its new developments were strongly influenced by American truck construction. This applied in particular to the design, but also to the widespread installation of gasoline engines instead of diesel engines. In 1938,

94-425: A Degtyaryov machine gun . The engine compartment was sealed with two armored intakes over the front grill. Suspensions remained unchanged despite the increased weight from the gun and armor, but this did not seem to hamper the truck's performance. It was decided that the design was successful enough to warrant around 80 more vehicles being built after the initial order for 20 had been completed. Not all of these carried

141-467: A joint venture with General Motors in 2009 and has joint ventures with a handful of other foreign companies as well. The company produced more than 1.5 million vehicles in 2008, and in 2009 it was the largest machinery corporation and the second largest auto manufacturer in China. In 2010, the 2.56 million units sold made it the third most-productive vehicle maker in China that year, and one of its offerings,

188-733: A license agreement with the Autocar Company . Some time later, the AMO-2 was modernized and improved, being renamed the AMO-3. In 1933 AMO was rebuilt again and renamed into Factory No. 2 Zavod Imeni Stalina (or Plant of Stalin's name, abbreviated in ZIS or ZiS) and in Summer, the AMO-3 was rebranded the ZiS-5. Serial production of the new truck started on October 1, 1933. The truck was an instant success and, which together with

235-401: A light-alloy cylinder head, and the compression ratio increased to 6.2. Together with the new intake system, this led to an increase in output to 71 kW. The frame was reinforced, the vehicle was now fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers and the travel of the leaf springs on the front axle was limited by rubber buffers. As part of the renaming of the manufacturer's plant, the thermoforming tool for

282-774: A passenger car production base in the Chenghua District of Sichuan province and another in Changchun , Jilin province . As of 2008, its 10,000 units/year capacity production base in Changchun makes the Toyota Prius and the Toyota Land Cruiser . The other production base it controls may make buses. This equally owned joint venture with Toyota makes engines at its production bases in the Xiqing District of Tianjin and at

329-664: A prototype was also built in North Korea under the name Cholima , but did not enter production. Parts of the SR-101's chassis were still used for its successor, the SR-131 "Carpați" . ZIS-5 (truck) The ZIS-5 ( Russian : ЗИС-5 ) was a 4x2 Soviet truck produced by Moscow ZIS factory from 1932 to 1948 (first one made at the end of 1930). In 1931, Moscow Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo (AMO, Russian Автомобильное Московское Общество (АМО) — Moscow Automotive Enterprise) truck plant

376-400: A result, the performance could be slightly increased by increasing the compression ratio. Other innovations included a revised braking system, which now also allowed trailers to be coupled to the vehicle's main braking system. Visually, the vehicles differed mainly in the modified radiator grille, the struts of which now ran vertically instead of horizontally. The chassis has been revised, as has

423-788: A second VW production base is, as of 2009, scheduled to be built in the city. The Dalian division of FAW Bus and Coach Co Ltd manufactures Jiefang and Yuan Zheng brand medium and large-size buses in a production base in Dalian , Liaoning province . An unfinished bus production base in at the Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone is expected to be complete in mid-2010 and will produce hybrid buses. Another Dalian base produces engines for commercial trucks, construction equipment, and agricultural machinery. As of 2010, 150,000 units/year production capacity FAW-VW production base will soon be built in this Guangdong province city. Located in

470-517: A strong cooperative relationship with a foreign counterpart. SAIC was the first, in 1984 and also with VW . Volkswagen was the first foreign partner for FAW, but others soon followed. The company acquired 50% ownership of Tianjin Automotive Xiali in September, 2002, and renamed the brand FAW Tianjin . As a result, FAW ended up with Toyota as a foreign joint venture partner. FAW established

517-456: A wooden scaffolding, which was planked with sheet metal and provided with protective varnish. The doors were made of wood. The side windows were retractable, the left half of the two-part windscreen could be flared. In 1950, the ZIS-150 was modernized. The vehicle got a new carburetor and a new exhaust manifold, and the cab was now made entirely of metal. In 1956, the truck's engine was fitted with

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564-687: Is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Changchun , Jilin . Founded on 15 July 1953, it is currently the second largest of the " Big Four " state-owned car manufacturers of China, together with SAIC Motor , Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Changan Automobile . The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Hongqi , Bestune (Benteng) as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as FAW-Toyota and FAW-Volkswagen (Volkswagen, Audi, Jetta). Its principal products are automobiles, buses, light, medium and heavy-duty trucks, and auto parts. FAW became China's first automobile manufacturer when it unveiled

611-621: Is one make of Jiefang branded trucks. Bestune was established on August 18, 2006, It may also be known as Ben Teng . It serves as the passenger car brand in FAW Group. Created in 2003, FAW operates this joint venture with Japanese automaker Toyota through Tianjin FAW . Key subsidiaries include: Operates a passenger car production base in the Nansha Economic Development District of Guangzhou , Guangdong province . Operates

658-770: The FAW-Volkswagen joint venture and the other makes self-branded autos. An unfinished production base in the Longquan Economic Development Zone in Chengdu , Sichuan province , replaces an older Sichuan base and will produce passenger cars for a FAW-Toyota joint venture, Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co Ltd, when it is completed in 2010. FAW Jiefang Truck Co Ltd also has a production base here. Another site in Chengdu produces cars for FAW-Volkswagen , and

705-732: The GAZ-AA , became the main Soviet truck of the 1930s through the 1950s. It also evolved into the workhorse of the Soviet Armed Forces: at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa the Red Army could line up 104,200 of these trucks. Facing the German invasion, in the autumn of 1941 the production line at Moscow plant was stopped and moved to Ulyanovsk (on the Volga ) and to Miass (in the Chelyabinsk region of

752-498: The GAZ-AA , the ZIS-5 was the 2nd most used Red Army truck of 1933-1943 period. The intensive growth of Lend Lease trucks shipping in 1943-1944 did not affect the first line use of the "Tryohtonka" (as soldiers called the ZIS-5 for its 3-ton payload), while the GAZ-AA got somewhat phased out to secondary roles. The ZIS-5 showed remarkable service on the " Road of Life ", the only supply line to

799-906: The Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone . Combined, both bases can produce 440,000 units annually. Making engines at a 130,000 units/year capacity production base in the Changchun Economic and Technology Development Zone, this equally owned joint venture was established in 2004. Established in 1991, this large-scale automobile manufacturer is a joint venture between FAW Group and Volkswagen AG which, as of 2003, have ownership stakes of 60% and 40%, respectively. It manufactures Audi and Volkswagen -branded automobiles for sale in China. This subsidiary of FAW's joint venture with VW controls production bases in Chengdu , Sichuan province . A joint venture with General Motors that mainly produces Jiefang light-duty trucks, this JV includes

846-571: The Urals ). Production at Ulyanovsk UAZZIS lasted from February 1942 to 1944. UralZIS at Ulyanovsk installed radiators with their own label and production there ran from July 1944 to 1955, well after the war. In the meantime, the Moscow ZIS plant had restarted production of these trucks in April 1942 and continued until 1948, when the new ZIS-50 (ZIS-5 with a new engine) appeared. In 1955 UralZIS also modified

893-570: The Winter War of 1939–40, and by Germans after the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 until Germany's surrender in 1945. (*) People who investigated ZIS-5 state that the real power of the engine was less than claimed in official documents and equal to 67-68 hp (rated horsepower is not the same as brake horsepower ). FAW Group China FAW Group Corp., Ltd. ( First Automotive Works )

940-631: The 45mm gun, some carried quad- Maxim guns , and others were left unarmed to function more as Armoured personnel carriers . The first of the cars was delivered to the Leningrad People’s Militia on 15 July, 1941. One car was captured by the Wehrmacht . A few were captured by the Finnish Army and used through early 1942. The last operational cars were seen around Leningrad in January 1943. ZIS-5

987-714: The FAW No. 2 Engine Factory, the FAW No. 2 Car Factory, and the former FAW No. 1 Car Factory, this publicly listed subsidiary produces cars, transmissions, and engines. It has a production base in western Changchun , Jilin province . Founded in 1959, it produces buses sold under the Taihu brand. Created in 1997 when FAW purchased a controlling interest in Hongta Yunnan Automobile Co Ltd, this subsidiary company, as of 2003, produces 1/2-3 ton pickups and light trucks as well as license-built Daihatsu models. This factory

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1034-566: The FAW Xiali, was the 7th most-purchased car in China in 2010. It produced 2.6 million vehicles in 2011, the third-largest output of any China-based company. While it retained its third place rank, the number of whole vehicles produced in 2012 slowed to 2.3 million. Passenger cars made up a relatively scant 64% of total production that year. In July 2021, FAW transferred 49% of the shares of FAW Haima to Hainan Development Holdings Co., Ltd. (Hainan Holdings) at no charge. Haima Automobile holds 51% of

1081-523: The Harbin Light Vehicle and FAW Hongta Yunnan factories. This joint venture with General Motors mainly produces Jiefang light-duty trucks. This joint venture with US based design firm Silk EV produces high end luxury hybrid sports cars. FAW has at least 28 wholly owned subsidiaries and controlling shares in 18 partially owned subsidiaries. These include the wholly owned subsidiaries FAW Jiefang Truck Co Ltd and FAW Bus and Coach Co Ltd, and

1128-566: The Soviet Union during the war, including International K-7 trucks, which heavily influenced the Soviet vehicle, especially in styling. On October 30, 1947, the first small series were introduced. Testing before the Second World War had already shown that the truck with 82 hp (60 kW) was too weakly engined. The ZIS-150 now received an uprated engine with 95 hp (70 kW), the payload could be increased to 4000 kg. The assembly line for production

1175-503: The Stalin Works presented the newly designed vehicle under the name ZIS-15 (ЗИС-15). The ZIS-15 had a newly developed chassis, an advanced engine with an output of 82 hp (60 kW) and a new all-metal cab with three seats. It was not until 1944 that the Stalin factory built further prototypes, which were now given the name ZIS-150. The Lend-Lease Act brought a large amount of U.S. technology to

1222-496: The USSR is even credited with choosing Changchun as the location for the first FAW facility. First Automotive Works initially made only commercial trucks, but started producing passenger cars in 1958. These vehicles, Hongqi luxury sedans, were the first domestically produced Chinese automobiles. Made primarily for the party elite, the design changed little over their thirty-year production run. Following this, FAW's Audi products are

1269-595: The United States or the Soviet Union, the First Automotive Works transferred a third of its workforce to develop the Second Automotive Works. In 1992, the name First Automotive Works was changed to FAW Group Corporation. Though FAW was the fourth Chinese automaker to take on Western partners, its early joint venture with Volkswagen in 1990 saw it become the second Chinese auto company to develop

1316-506: The ZIL-150, was discontinued in favor of its successor, the ZIL-164, which however was basically nothing more than a modernized and modified variant of the ZIS-150 truck. A total of 774,615 ZIS-150 vehicles were produced in various versions. The new vehicle received a number of differences; the new engine differed from the previously installed make mainly in the revised light-alloy cylinder heads. As

1363-530: The ZIS-5: It got a new engine and oval fenders, different from pre-war ones. This new model received the designation of UralZIS-355 or ZIS-355. At the end of 1941 war shortages of raw materials forced change to the construction of the ZIS-5. All changes were focused on simplifying manufacture and using less raw materials: the round, stamped fenders were replaced with flat, bent ones, cabs and foot boards were now made from wood, brakes were removed from front wheels, and

1410-511: The automaker FAW Group. Hongqi was launched in 1958, making it the oldest Chinese passenger car marque. In Chinese, hongqi means " red flag ." Jiefang is the medium and heavy trucks brand of FAW Group. The first truck rolled off of the lines in 1956, which was the first ever-built truck by the People's Republic of China . Jiefang became a subsidiary on 18 January 2003 with two subsidiaries of its own, Qingdao Truck Division and FAW Trading Company, it

1457-541: The besieged city of Leningrad , opened on the frozen surface of the Ladoga Lake in the winter months during 1941–1944. This truck has the nickname Zakhar (Захар, "за характер", on the character). The ZIS-5 was used as the basis for improvised armored cars made by the Izshorsky plant in 1941 under the designation "IZ". The initial order of 20 vehicles were equipped with a 45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K) , 3-10mm of armor, and

ZIS-150 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1504-717: The bonnet was also changed, as the abbreviation of the name was embossed into it. The ZIS-150 also started getting produced in Georgia , by the KAZ plant. Production of the truck soon started in other Communist countries, such as Romania (under the SR-101 name) by "Steagul Rosu" (Red Flag) in Braşov , between 1954 and 1960, in China (under the Jiefang CA-10 name) by First Automobile Works until 1986 and

1551-402: The cabin. In addition, an engine preheater was installed and other minor adjustments were made to keep the truck operational even at low temperatures. Production of this modernized variant ended in 1965. The truck was powered by a six-cylinder engine ZIS-120 (ЗИС-120). For the first time in Soviet commercial vehicle construction, a five-speed manual transmission was used, which was connected to

1598-452: The engine via a two-disc dry clutch. Also new in Soviet truck construction were air-operated brakes. The rear axle had twin tyres, all axles were sprung with leaf springs and designed as rigid axles. The weak point of the design was the cardan shaft, which tended to crack and then broke under full load. In the process, the hoses of the compressed air system were often destroyed, which led to a sudden loss of braking power. The cabin consisted of

1645-616: The first five-year plan ), and produced its first product, the Jiefang CA-10 truck (based on the Soviet ZIS-150 ) in 1956. Soviet Russia lent assistance during these early years providing technical support, tooling, and production machinery. Before the first factory opened, 39 Chinese FAW employees traveled to the Stalin Truck Factory for instruction in truck production. Operations were conducted under Soviet direction, and

1692-601: The nation's first domestically produced passenger car, the Hongqi, in 1958. As a state-owned enterprise of China, FAW Group is controlled and managed by SASAC , which under Chinese law performs the functions of an investor. The company has three publicly traded subsidiaries: FAW Jiefang Group Co., Ltd. ( SZSE : 000800 ), Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co., Ltd. ( SSE : 600742 ) and Qiming INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co., Ltd. ( SZSE : 002232 ). First Automotive Works broke ground on its first factory in 1953 (the first year of

1739-509: The products it produces carry the Oley brand. Established in 1997, this part-owned subsidiary designs, produces, and markets medium and heavy truck bodies, wheels, and components for both FAW and other manufacturers. Established in 1965, this FAW Group subsidiary made military vehicles until partnering with FAW in the 1990s. It has since produced pickups, Jiefang trucks, and mini-vehicles (small trucks and vans that see commercial use). This factory

1786-616: The publicly traded FAW Car Co Ltd , Tianjin FAW Xiali Automobile Co Ltd, and Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co Ltd. The following is an incomplete list. Chengdu FAW produces Huaxi brand light and medium buses based on the Toyota Coaster . Originally the Sichuan Bus Company, it became a partially-owned subsidiary in 2002 after acquisition by FAW. Created in 1997 from the merger of Changchun Gear Factory,

1833-599: The rear body had the tailgate swinging only. Sometimes the right headlight was also removed, while bumpers were omitted from these versions. The simplified model, designated ZIS-5V, was produced from May 1942 in Ulyanovsk , and later also in Moscow and Miass . Overall production tallied about 1 million units (all plants), with ZIS alone producing 532,311 examples. During the War years about 83,000 ZIS-5 of both versions were produced. During

1880-480: The shares in FAW Haima, while Hainan Holdings hold 49% of the shares. As of 2024, many other brands have been liquidated, leaving only Hongqi and Bestune as passenger car brands. FAW sold products under at least ten different brands including its own, but most of its brands has been discontinued or consolidated into Hongqi , Jiefang and Bestune brand currently. Hongqi is a Chinese luxury car marque owned by

1927-529: The traditionally favoured choice for ranking Chinese state officials. The First Automotive Works "winged 1" badge is derived from the Chinese 一汽 ("一" meaning "one" and "汽", from "汽车" meaning "automotive") and depicts a hawk spreading its wings, 一 (1). The logo was introduced in 1964. During the Third Front campaign to develop strategic industries in China's rugged interior to prepare for potential invasion from

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1974-429: The war the ZIS-5 was used on all fronts, where it was greatly appreciated for its remarkably simple and reliable construction. Apart from cargo duties, the ZIS-5 was used as a light artillery tractor and for troop transportation (25 soldiers could sit in five benches placed in the rear body). ZIS-5 served also as base for many special trucks like refuellers, field workshops, ambulances, portee guns, and AA platforms. After

2021-476: Was included in the FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle joint venture. Founded in 1980, this company became a wholly owned subsidiary of FAW Group in either 1987 or March 1991. It manufactures compact trucks and buses originally based on Suzukis. More recently, Jilin participated in a five-year-long joint venture with Daihatsu . As of 2012, this company has two factories and some of

2068-597: Was included in the FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle joint venture. FAW has production bases located in 14 provinces throughout China including the provinces of Guangdong , Hainan , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Shandong , Sichuan , and Yunnan . Non-provincial locales include Pudong and Tianjin . FAW headquarters are located in Changchun , Jilin province , and operations here include an R&D and test center. Additionally, FAW has two production bases here—one produces for

2115-571: Was re-equipped and expanded with the help of the American A.J. Brandt Co., and began to produce a new truck with designation of AMO-2. The AMO-2 was intended as a replacement of the previous AMO-F-15 , the first Soviet truck ever built (it was a copy of the Italian Fiat F-15 ). However, the AMO-2 was not an original development but instead was based on the Autocar Dispatch SD truck, after

2162-484: Was set up at the plant from January 1948. Serial production began on April 27 of this year, and production of the ZIS-5 was finally halted three days later. From 1951, the ZIS-150 was also produced in the Kutaysky Avtomobilny Zavod. In 1956, Stalin's name was erased and the manufacturing plant was renamed Zavod imeni Likhacheva (Завод имени Лихачёва). In the following year, production of the vehicle, now called

2209-421: Was the first Soviet motor vehicle to be exported. With over 1 million ZIS-5 trucks made overall, the USSR had ample opportunity to offer it for sale abroad. A batch of 100 trucks were sold to Turkey in 1934; other quantities were subsequently purchased by Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Spain , China, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Mongolia, and Romania. Some trophy vehicles were used by Finns who had captured them during

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