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26-608: Starting in 1932, the main bus station was located in the heart of downtown Jerusalem, on Jaffa Road just east of King George street. The Pillars Building ("Binyan Ha'amudim") currently stands on this site. In the 1960s a replacement station, designed by Ossip Klarwein , was built further west, at the site of the current station. The old station was a long, single-story building with an open-air bus depot behind it. Passengers embarked and disembarked at curbside on an outdoor platform. The current Central Bus Station opened in September 2001 on

52-737: A Zionist. As Jews, the family immigrated to Germany because of the anti-Semitism growing in Poland and Russia after the failed revolution of 1905 in the Russian Empire . Klarwein studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich from 1917 to 1919, but he was not awarded a university degree. In 1920, he studied with Hans Poelzig in the master's studio for architecture of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin . In 1921, Klarwein joined

78-489: A cost of US$ 80 million. It initially produced about 4 billion tablets a year, rising to 8 billion a year when the second phase of building was completed. In 2008 Intel closed its aging Fab 8 chip plant and started converting the facility to a die preparation plant. The plant was inaugurated in November 2009; the company planned to operate it on Saturdays in accordance with its business needs, requiring continuous operation of

104-505: A fine of NIS 708,224 for air pollution , which is still being discussed in court, and in September 2011 the Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the management to "completely separate the bus platform and the building's interior due to high pollution levels". The Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon intercity rail station is located adjacent to the bus station, across Jaffa street. A Jerusalem Light Rail station, as well as

130-698: A kosher certificate from the Jerusalem rabbinate, after the company agreed to make changes to satisfy the rabbis. The signs are blue, instead of the traditional red, with "kosher" written in English and Hebrew in big letters. The disposable cartons, bags, wraps, and place mats, are also blue and bear no golden arches, and the staff wear special uniforms. 31°47′20″N 35°12′11″E  /  31.789°N 35.203°E  / 31.789; 35.203 Ossip Klarwein Ossip (Yosef) Klarwein (6 February 1893 – 9 September 1970)

156-479: A technological incubator. In 2011, Har Hotzvim provided employment for 10,000 people. The park was founded in the early 1970s by the Jerusalem Economic Corporation, in order to facilitate the development of a high tech industry in Jerusalem. At the time the location was at the edge of the built up area of the city, but over the years several major roads were built and accessibility to the site

182-442: Is a high-tech industrial park located in northwest Jerusalem . It is the city's main zone for science-based and technology companies, among them Intel , Teva , NDS (now Cisco ), RAD Data , Mobileye , Ophir Optronics , Sandvine , Radware , IDT Global Israel , Medtronic , SATEC, Johnson and Johnson and more. In addition to large companies, the park also hosts about 100 small and medium-sized high-tech companies, as well as

208-450: Is a shopping concourse and food court. The second main level serves as both a shopping concourse and the arrivals hall for incoming intercity bus passengers. Since the building is constructed on the side of a hill, the first and second main levels both have a ground-level entrance/exit to Jaffa Road. Besides retail stores, the concourse includes bakery outlets, a video game parlor, and free-standing gift sellers. The third main level serves as

234-698: The Fifth Aliyah to the British Mandate of Palestine , because they saw no future in Nazi Germany . Klarwein changed his first name from the Slavic name variant Ossip to the Hebrew form Yosseph. In Haifa , Klarwein became an independent architect. Most of his works are public and commercial buildings, as well as development plans for cities and neighborhoods scattered throughout Israel . Klarwein's original design for

260-584: The Knesset building unanimously won the 1957 architecture competition, and he continued to work on the project until completion, but some modifications were made to the plans. He designed with Richard Kauffmann and Heinz Rau , the campus of the Hebrew University . Har Hotzvim Har Hotzvim ( Hebrew : הר חוצבים , lit . Stonecutter's Mountain), also Campus of Science-Rich Industries ( קריית תעשיות עתירות מדע ‎, Kiryat Ta'asiyot Atirot Mada )

286-568: The " mehadrin " lines were gender segregated, with men sitting in the front rows and women in the back rows. In a 2011 ruling, the Israeli High Court of Justice stated the unlawfulness of gender segregation and abolished the "mehadrin" public buses. However, the court rule allowed the continuation of the gender segregation in public buses on a voluntary basis for a one-year experimental period. The system of separate lines terminating at Har Hotzvim remains unchanged. A further controversy followed

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312-488: The Central Bus Station building. That is, departing passengers must go through security clearance when they enter the building from Jaffa Road and may then board buses without additional security checks. Passengers arriving in Jerusalem are dropped off in the garage on the other side of the building. They may choose to exit out to the street—in which case they do not need to pass through security—or to go into

338-601: The Central Bus Station, Egged opened a special platform where passengers boarding its Route 400 to Bnei Brak sit in relative privacy. In addition, the bus company agreed to launch a " mehadrin " Route 402 between Jerusalem and Bnei Brak. This route departs from Egged's city bus terminus at Har Hotzvim in northern Jerusalem, accommodating Haredi riders who wish to avoid the Central Bus Station altogether. The Har Hotzvim terminus has expanded to include " mehadrin " bus departures to other Haredi destinations such as Safed , Ashdod , Haifa , Arad , Kiryat Ata and more. At one point,

364-547: The Jaffa street city bus stops, are situated between the bus and train stations. Urban lines Intercity lines The decision to include a shopping concourse within the bus station was criticized by the Haredi community. After Haredi activists petitioned the Ministry of Transportation to allow Egged to open a departure point for buses traveling to Haredi destinations that would board outside

390-552: The Jerusalem city council proposed to clear the area for new residential development for their community, an offer that was firmly rejected by Jerusalem's mayor Nir Barkat In 2015 the Bank of Israel moved its headquarters and activity to the park, due to renovations in its facility in Givat Ram . Towards the end of 2018 several of the bank's divisions returned to the Givat Ram facility. At

416-661: The architectural firm of Fritz Höger in Hamburg . Höger's office grew considerably in these years with increasing work orders, requiring additional personnel. Klarwein's designs were at the time published under Höger's name. Höger said that Klarwein was "one of the very best" employees. Between 1930 and 1933 Klarwein supervised the construction of the brick expressionist Church at Hohenzollernplatz following his designs in Berlin. In 1934, Klarwein emigrated with his non-Jewish wife Elsa (née Kühne), an opera singer, and their son Mati during

442-569: The bus station building—in which case they must go through a security check. People wishing to visit only the shopping concourses must also clear security. As is the case for most commercial security checkpoints in Israel, gun owners are exempt from security searches, it being presumed that anyone who has been vetted by the government to carry a loaded firearm in public has no criminal or terrorist intentions. In addition to building security, Egged has its own team of uniformed security personnel patrolling

468-526: The city kosher. When McDonald's decided to open a kosher branch but without a certificate, Haredi activists threatened a boycott. The Natzba real-estate firm which owns the bus station canceled McDonald's contract. McDonald's took it to court and won; Natzba was forced to pay it 100,000 shekels in trial expenses. McDonald's opened its franchise in the Central Bus Station, following halachic obligations, but without rabbinical supervision. The Haredi boycott never materialized. In January 2010, McDonald's reopened with

494-508: The departures hall, with 22 bus platforms. Passengers wait at numbered doors for the bus to pull into its slot in the indoor parking lot, then go through the door into the indoor garage to board. Large digital display boards post upcoming departure times. While most platforms accommodate more than one bus route, popular routes, such as Jerusalem-Tel Aviv, have their own designated platform and run more frequently. Passengers and their baggage are screened by security personnel every time they enter

520-590: The early 1990s, as Jerusalem was awarded the status of a preferred development zone for the high-tech industry, an expansion plan was initiated by the Jerusalem Development Authority . The expansion took place in three stage (known as Har Hotzvim stage b, c and d) and by the mid-2000s most of the available plots have been developed. In 2005, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries opened a new, state-of-the-art pharmaceutical manufacturing plant in Har Hotzvim, at

546-491: The indoor bus parking lots. In October 2013 the Environmental Protection Ministry of Israel officially declared the indoor garage where passengers board the buses to be "an excessively polluted space and an endangerment to public health". The levels of nitrogen oxide and respirable particulates generated by exhaust were said to be in violation of Israel's Clean Air Law. In 2012 the bus station received

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572-420: The opening of a McDonald's franchise in the food court. Most McDonald's restaurants, including the one in the Jerusalem city center, did not have kashrut certification from the rabbinate. Although this McDonald's franchise was in the process of applying for a kashrut certificate, and even completed its construction accordingly, the rabbinate conditioned its certification on McDonald's making its other outlets in

598-627: The production line. This angered the Haredi Jewish community living in nearby religious neighborhoods, who strictly observe the Sabbath laws . For several weeks they gathered every Saturday outside the building; some threw rocks at the building and the police. Eventually representatives of the Haredi community reached an agreement with Intel to keep the plant open on Saturdays, but allow only non-Jews to work. In July 2011 Haredi United Torah Judaism party in

624-530: The site of its predecessor. It was commissioned in order to accommodate the increasing flow of bus traffic as well as to implement security protocols for screening incoming and outgoing passengers. During construction of the new bus station, operations were moved to a temporary station, several blocks east on Jaffa Road, adjacent to the later-to-be-built HaTurim light rail stop. The new Central Bus Station has two levels of underground parking, three main levels, and five upper floors of office space. The first main level

650-511: Was a Polish-born German-Israeli architect who designed many works in Germany and Israel . Between 1921 and 1933 he was employed with Johann Friedrich Höger , and became chief design architect. Klarwein was an important representative of Northern German Brick Expressionism and of modern architecture in Israel. Klarwein was born in Warsaw, Poland . His father Menachem Klarwein was a Hebrew teacher and

676-592: Was improved; including: the Begin Expressway to the west of the park and Route 9 north of the park. One of the first tenants in the park was Luz Industries an early pioneer of Solar thermal energy , which in the 1980s built the world's largest solar energy generating facility SEGS in the Mojave Desert . The first major international corporation to establish a base at Har Hotzvim was Intel, which opened its Fab 8 semiconductor manufacturing plant in 1985. In

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